Mongoloids (USA,Asia, EU)
IQ = 97-110, m = 106
VM
SB: balanseeritud ülesanded
WAIS : M>F - Information, Comprehension,
Arithmetic, Picture Completion,
Block Design
F>M - Similarities, Vocabulary,
Digit Symbol
M=F - Digit Span, Picture
Arrangement, Object Assembly
*Verbaalsed võimed F>M
alates 12 a.
Aritmeetilised võimed M>F
alates 12 a
*Ruumilised võimed M>F
Psühhomotoorsed võimed M=F
Võimete variatiivsus - M>F
H. Intelligentsuse evolutsioon
Richard Lynn (University of Ulster)
Rassilised erinevused evolutsioonilised
põhjused
Aju suurus:
6 325 : U.S
Mongoloids (USA,Asia, EU)
IQ = 97-110, m = 106
VM
SB: balanseeritud ülesanded
WAIS : M>F - Information, Comprehension,
Arithmetic, Picture Completion,
Block Design
F>M - Similarities, Vocabulary,
Digit Symbol
M=F - Digit Span, Picture
Arrangement, Object Assembly
*Verbaalsed võimed F>M
alates 12 a.
Aritmeetilised võimed M>F
alates 12 a
*Ruumilised võimed M>F
Psühhomotoorsed võimed M=F
Võimete variatiivsus - M>F
H. Intelligentsuse evolutsioon
Richard Lynn (University of Ulster)
Rassilised erinevused evolutsioonilised
põhjused
Aju suurus:
6 325 : U.S
there are going to be more people next year either to praise or suffer from it. But not the emotions count at the moment, the future does we must all learn from this wonderful book that wit is not easily gained, however once it's collected, it'll be never lost again. The first chapter includes three specially chosen units. Unit one includes reading about the UK, learning how to form questions, listening, some vocabulary exercises, monologue and, of course, an `extra word exercise' about Ireland. The sweetest part will be probably the last one since I used to like the game odd-man-out in middle school. We often played it, as well as Bingo and Puzzle, but finding a word lost in a bizarre of difficultly read context was still my favourite! I have high expectations for it. Unit two is somewhat odd-man-out. It has economy vocabulary and two huge countries: the US and Canada
Technical Style Free from emotive language, connotations, sound-effects, original metaphor Part of technical translator’s job often is to rephrase poorly written language and convert metaphor to sense. Varieties of Technical Style Academic or scientific style: very formal with transferred Latin and Greek words; used in academic papers Professional or workshop: formal terms used by experts Popular or everyday: layman vocabulary which may include familiar alternative terms. The central difficulty New terminology Approach to translation: - Underline key terms - Use bilingual dictionaries - Use SL monolingual dictionary - Refer to a consultant and/or editor Standardised terms as a problem (a terms is chosen, defines within a particular field and then it will be used) May have more than one meaning in one field, e.g. pinnacle – 1. Torn
occurs daily. Why change something that has been used and appreciated for thousands of years? Law is known for it's conservatism and legalese might have maintained so well because many lawyers have learned it's value and feel special to be one of the few who can understand it. Secondly, legal language includes some very complex linguistic practices of an ancient profession, so maybe the best way to sound like a professional is to use as much legal vocabulary as possible. There are literally thousands of terms to choose from. No one will doubt that you are a real professional if you use the right expressions. Body 2: That brings us to a fact that regular people have been frustrated with legal language for quite some time since it can sometimes be confusing and unnecessary. There is a smaller chance that your document will be misunderstood when plain language is used.
JOB ADVERTISEMENTS - vocabulary 1. as required – vastavalt nõudmistele 2. at least 2 years of administrating experience – vähemalt 2 aastane kogemus administratiivtöös 3. advanced / fluent English language skills (both verbal and written) – hea inglise keele oskus (nii suuline kui kirjalik) 4. willingness to work – valmisolek töötada 5. learn & grow in knowledge and career – täiendada teadmisi ja karjäärivõimalusi 6. is a huge bonus – on suureks eeliseks 7. will be considered as advantage – on eeliseks 8. Develop and implement a business plan and sales strategy – arendada ja rakendada äriplaani ja müügistrateegiat 9. Be responsible for the budget – vastutada eelarve eest 10. initiate and implement promotion and advertising activities – algatada ja viia ellu uusi reklaamimisviise 11. in order to increase competitiveness – et suurendada konkurentsivõimet 12. Competitive remunera...
In writing Text 1, the Transport Supervisor used much the same language as he probably did when speaking to the Transport Manager on the telephone, and at some points the report reflects conversational English quite closely. However, conversational English, and the more formal type of written English used in business correspondence are not identical: there are different choices of grammar and vocabulary to be made. These will be discussed in greater detail in Unit 3 Developing a Style for Business Writing. For now, just note a few of the changes that the secretary made. Vocabulary Compare the choices of vocabulary made by the Transport Supervisor and his secretary. The Transport Supervisor has chosen vocabulary suitable to an informal conversational style. His secretary has chosen alternative words or phrases which have the same meaning, but
Hyperbole is often combined with metaphor. Round numerals used in hyperbole seem rather trite (e.g. "I feel a hundred years old." trite. "I feel ninety-seven years old." original hyperbole). 4. Understatement 1. it is deliberately lessening the size or significance of something 2. it is expressing an affirmation through the denial of its contrary. Understatement is an essential part of English humor (e.g. "He was just five words in his vocabulary." Affirming by denying: not bad = good.). The function of understatement apart from humor is not to sound too categorical. (8) III. Stylistic devices based on the interaction of primary and secondary meaning (Lexical Stylistic Devices) 1. Zeugma (from Greek "to join") - a word stands in the same grammatical relation to 2 words in the context (e.g. "He opened the window (direct) and his heart to me (figurative metaphorical)")
Reaching elites (including politicians and decision-makers) and middle class and their household help (gardeners, housekeepers, nannies) Facilitating interaction with audiences Giving detailed explanations Responding to individual questions or concerns Providing appropriate messages for people in a variety of circumstances and with different levels of intention to act Being understood by all members of the audience (dialect, vocabulary, and/or images) Saving expenditures (mass media is expensive to produce, and broadcast time may be a huge expense; posters are logistically difficult to distribute in timely way and are not always seen by many of the intended audience). Reaching key groups (the illiterate, those without radio access, etc.)
Do you agree? Give reasons. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- You are expected to structure your monologue and present it speaking fluently with appropriate pronunciation and intonation and only natural pauses. You are expected to express yourself confidently, clearly and politely. Interact naturally with appropriate openings, fillers and amplifications. Be logical and clear, paraphrase successfully. Your vocabulary should be precise and appropriate, as well as the register. Use a VARIETY of simple and complex grammatical structures as appropriate. Your monologue can be structured as following: 1. Introduction: state the topic (the conviction held). Recite the task. 2. Developing arguments with appropriate openings, fillers and amplifications: - an account for such belief Here you are supposed to speculate about the reasons for holding the conviction:
Gabriel began to bring his parents together again. The message. · This is a charming, light-textured story about talent, about how single-minded creativity might embrace the heartbreaking muddle of everyday life. My own opinion I think this is a very thought-provoking story about how a few bad things together can cause a chaos of one teenage boy's life and how they cope with it gradually, in order to move on with your life well. New vocabulary 1.pavement-kõnnitee 2.Lucrative- tulus,kasulik 3.bowing - kummardama,alandlikkus 4.Turbulent-rahutu 5.Fester-mädanema (haav) 9.Fend-hoolt kandma,eest seisma 6.Sturdy-massiivne,tugev 10.Swarming-kihin 7.Consoling-lohutust pakkuv 11.Buoyed-midagi toetama 8.Sustain-ala hoidma,taluma 12.Diffuse-laiali paiskuma 13.Anxieties-ärevuse 14.Knack-osavus 15
· Binet & Simon test in 1905 idea of expressing ability as ratio of MA to CA key insight related to age and abilities rather than absolute difference 30 tasks of increasing difficulty; attention, social interaction, MA/CA = Intelligence quotient vocabulary, requests, reasoning, judgement, memory by 1911 extended for age 3 to adult · Lewis Terman · Not concerned with definition of intelligence suggests the following in 1916... · Binet & `intellectual level' = mental age? MA/CA * 100 = IQ
· Fair trade certified farmers receive greater income, but not always their hired workers · Getting certified is expensive, there are joining fees that must be paid if accepted and there are annual fees that must be paid to maintain that certification · The largest issue is the distribution of benefits To sum it up We talked about what the fair trade is What its aim is How to get certified What are the upsides and downsides of fair trading Vocabulary list · Yield- production of labor · Non-monetary- of or relating to the coinage or currency of a country. · Conventional- an agreement, compact, or contract. · Fluctuation- continual change from one point or condition to another. · Price floor- lowest price · Deleterious- injurious to health: · Intermediaries- being between; intermediate. · Beneficiaries-a person or group that receives benefits, profits, or advantages. · Frictions- dissension or conflict between persons, nations, etc
future area of specialization. So, at the moment, I would like to take some time out of academics to have a different life experience, and to have time to calmly reflect on my future academic/professional orientation. To this end, I think spending a year abroad would be particularly interesting. My first language is, of course, Estonian, but I am also fluent in English. I started learning English in primary school at 3 grade and by watching movies I have improved my vocabulary a lot. I speak an intermediate level of Russian. I began learning it in fifth grade and all in all, I have learnt Russian for 6 years. I am nevertheless aware that learning a language within a classroom context is by itself, incomplete. So, in order to really be at ease in English, I feel that a cultural immersion would do me a lot of good. Through my language teachers, (whom are Estonians) I have learnt a lot about the life in America. Hence
Palm oil Kristiina Pällo LU1 EMÜ 2016 • Edible vegetable oil that is derived from the palm fruit • Oil palm trees are grown in tropical areas • Widely used in food industry due to its semi-solid state in room temperature and long shelf-life • It is in a lot of everyday products – makeup, shampoo, soap, biodiesel. Also in food – sweet treats (chocolate, biscuits etc), margarine, nut butters, crisps. The Two kinds of palm oil • Palm oil comes from palm fruit. It is rich in vitamin E and it has a red colour due to beta-caroten in it. High in saturated fats. Used mostly in food industry • Palm kernel oil comes from palm fruit seed. Also high in saturated fats. Used mostly in products such as shampoos, makeup, biofuel etc Ingridient list • Vegetable Oil, Vegetable Fat, Palm Kernel, Palm Kernel Oil, Palm Fruit Oil, Palmate, Palmitate, Palmolein, Glyceryl, Stearate, Stearic Acid, Elaeis Guinee...
Enterprise-wide Process Framework Set of best practices Hierarchical catalogue of process elements Process guidance Blueprint for process direction for Service Providers Best Practice Framework, that can then be applied within enterprises Common language to describe processes Mechanisms to deliver controlled and optimised services Standardised vocabulary Standardised vocabulary 37 Guido Leibur eTOM äriprotsessi kirjeldamise raamistik 1 Klient Strateegia, Infrastruktuur & Tooted Haldamine Turg, Tooted ja Klient
as secondary education). In almost all schools at these levels, children are divided by age groups into grades, ranging from kindergarten (followed by first grade) for the youngest children in elementary school, up to twelfth grade, the final year of high school. The exact age range of students in these grade levels varies slightly from area to area. This dividing and children grading is similar like in Estonia. Although in the States they use vocabulary grading (A,B,C,D,E,F), then in Estonia we use numeral grading (5,4,3,2,1). Post-secondary education, better known as "college" in the United States, is generally governed separately from the elementary and high school system. An American college is an institution of higher learning which lasts over a four year period and which grants/gives Bachelor's degree at the conclusion of studies. The students may gain a Master's degree within a year or two of further study.
not to be the same person. How could he? There is no way that a man could maintain a certain look for almost 20 years and not get older. After that, Dorian decides to get his life back on track, but the picture still gets older day by day. He gets frustrated and stabs a knife into the picture. That way Dorian Gray dies an awfully old man laying on the floor, a knife stabbed to his heart. But the man on the picture is young again. I think the book is good an excellent way of extending our vocabulary by reading. Two educational things combined. But it's also bad- it is a bad book choice for a first-time English reader. It is full with descriptions in such details, so many complexed word and expressions. Those made reading very complicated. Most of the time it wasn't reading, it was translating the words or googelling for the meanings of the fictional expressions. Adjectives are good, but when there are so many of them combined and in a foreign language..it made it painful. Also,
Thecurriculumvitae STEFANI KASK Personal DualEstonian-Russiannationality, born Tallinn, 27 april 1980. Careergoals Looking forchallenging, intellectuallystimulatingdevelopmentworkinmediajournalism. Wouldtomoveintoteammanagement. Skills IT Office 2010 and Windows XP, Excel, Internet, Powerpoint. Effectivemultitasker good at prioritizingtasks and working on several at once. Experience 2000-now Press Office searchscientist. Nixon Inc, UK. Professional development July 2005FutureexecutivesdevelopmentcourseorganizedbyNixon. January 2003Two-weekcourseinouterculturaltraining at LancasterAssociates, UK. Qualifications 1999-2000Master'sdegreeinJournalism, New York, USA. 1996-1999Bachelor'sdegreein Media Studies, New York University, USA. Languages NativeRussianspeaker, fluent Estonian and English. Interests Asiancooking, designing, volleyball, swimming, kross-countryskiing Jobenquiry DearSir/Madam, I amwritingtoenquire a job at yourcompany. I ...
Theteacher`s helpfulness and my interest to unknown helped me to overcome difficulties and achieve high results. I do my best to have more skills at the targeted field, therefore I have taken Chemistry supplementary courses, visited a variety of lectures, conferences about nutrition and how to make/calculate human diet. In addition, I keep track of food industry bywatching scientific TV programmes in English to learn about essential vocabulary. My favourites are "Take Five" on WZZM and "How do they do it" on Discovery channel. Besides, I try hardest to have a worthy average grade and graduate with magna cum laude.. Regarded as a persistant person, I will continue to carry out any task until I succeed. I must admit I am a shy person, however, I gladly work in a team. I prefer to listen to the views of others and express mine. In other words, I am always ready to make a compromise for successful collaboration
ajavahemikus 2004-2014, leiate Tallinna raamatukogudest? 10 raamatut 1. Lees, Merike Kuidas kirjutada tekste? / 2005 2. Kõrven, Tiiu-Reet Dokumendihaldus / c2006 3. Informatsioon ja dokumentatsioon. Dublin Core'i metaandmeelemendid = Information and documentation. The Dublin Core metadata element set / [2004] 4. Informatsioon ja dokumentatsioon. Sõnastik = Information and documentation. Nimi: Õpperühm: Vocabulary / [2004] 5. Informatsioon ja dokumentatsioon: dokumendihaldus. Digitaaldokumendi pikaajalise säilitamise vorming. Osa 1, PDF 1.4 (PDF/A-1) kasutamine = Information and dokumentation : document management. Electronic document file format for long- term preservation. Part 1, Use of PDF 1.4 (PDF/A-1) 2006 6. Lees, Merike Kuidas kirjutada tekste? : [kirjade, dokumentide ja äritekstide koostamise käsiraamat] 2012 7
grouped together and so should be the disadvantages. One paragraph should only talk about one thing, aspect, etc. If a new thought begins, a new paragraph should be started, too. In essays that express the writer's opinion mainly, one paragraph (usually the last one before the conclusion) should be reserved for the opposing viewpoint. When writing an essay, information should not be unnecessarily repeated. The same is true for grammatical patterns and vocabulary: different grammatical patterns and words make the essay more interesting and easily readable. As an essay is a formal piece of writing, contractions (e.g. isn't, aren't, etc.) are not acceptable because they are not formal enough. S/he can be used instead of the cumbersome "he or she" to save space when having in mind a person of either sex, or the also politically correct "they" for the singular. There should be neither slang forms nor colloquialisms.
In China, the Chinese language studies often hold more importance for the students, since most of them have come to China from poorer countries in Asia hoping to earn more money and have a better life in China than they would in their own countries. To be able to become successful in China they need the Chinese language skills and consequently respect the teachers who can make a great difference in their lives by teaching them the necessary vocabulary. In Estonia on the other hand, the reason to study Chinese is often due to some level of interest rather than a necessity. Therefore the motivation and effort the students put in the Chinese language studies varies greatly. According to the lecturer, the students in Estonia question the teacher's decisions more than the students in China which also suggests that the teachers have a smaller amount of authority
Подготовлено на факультете лингвистики. The book contains an overview of the most important events in British history – from the first documented invasions of the island to the formation and fall of the British colonial empire. A series of exercises will help to remember the subject matter, practise the vocabulary and contribute to skills work. The book is intended for the Humanities students. Вавилов Н.А., 2008 3 4 Contents 5 ПРЕДИСЛОВИЕ Настоящее пособие содержит краткий очерк истории Великобритании от
with the modernization reforms of the Russian state under the rule of Peter the Great, and developed from the Moscow (Middle or Central Russian) dialect substratum under the influence of some of the previous century's Russian chancellery language. Mikhail Lomonosov first compiled a normalizing grammar book in 1755; in 1783 the Russian Academy's first explanatory Russian dictionary appeared. During the end of the 18th and 19th centuries, a period known as the "Golden Age", the grammar, vocabulary and pronunciation of the Russian language was stabilized and standardized, and it became the nationwide literary language; meanwhile, Russia's world-famous literature flourished. Until the 20th century, the language's spoken form was the language of only the upper noble classes and urban population, as Russian peasants from the countryside continued to speak in their own dialects. By the mid-20th century, such dialects were forced out with the
Topic Libraries Tallinn English College 8b form 2007 1. Introduction A library is a collection of books. Libraries are maintained by a public body such as an institution or an individual. These collections are used by people who choose not to (or cannot afford) purchase an extensive collection themselves or who need professional assistance with their research. However, with the collection of media other than books, many libraries are now also access points for maps, prints or other documents and artworks such as microfilm, audio tapes, CDs, cassettes and DVDs. So, modern libraries are being redifined as places to get access to information in many formats and from many sources. In addition to providing materials, they also provide the services of specialists who are experts in matters related to finding and organizing inf...
Plays, poems. Shakespeare influenced the English language greatly, he introduced more than 2000 new words ,making it more colourful and expressive. He helped develop the style and structure of the language. 19. What is the official name of Britain? The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. Largest lake- lough Neagh- Also the largest freshwater lake in the British Isles 20. How did the Normans influence Britain? Added vocabulary from French . Impressive castles, introduced the bow into the English army, 21. Name some countries where English is used as the second language.- India, Nigeria, Philippines 22. What language was used by Romans and Normans? Romans- latin; Normans- French 23. Describe Scotland.- Scotland is a mountainous country in the north of the island of Great Britain, Scotland is Famous for Its fresh water lochs (lakes) One of the most famous is Loch Ness
vaatluse all oleva sõnastiku muutmise üle mõistepõhiseks, ehkki see temalt rohkem aega võttis kui sõnastiku esimese trükiversiooni ettevalmistamine. Jah, kui autor nii ütleb, siis tänu mõistepõhisele koostamisele on sõnastikus vähem vigu, kuid kasutusmugavust see ei tundu suurendavat – pigem vastupidi. 2008. aasta väljaandes on kasutatud terminiallikate loetelus kõik esmatrüki allikad peale „Internetworking terms and acronyms“ ja ISO/IEC 2382. Information technology. Vocabulary. 1986-1995 ja allikaid on lisandunud – kõik kokku 31. 2008. aasta sõnastikus on 1996. a „Tähiste ja lühendite“ peatüki asemel peatükk „Kasutusjuhend“ ning selles on toodud skeem kasutavate tähiste ja lühendite kohta. Skeem on esmatrüki tähiste loetelust ülevaatlikum ning võrreldes esimese väljaandega on kasutusel kasutajale harjumuspärasemaid ja seega kergemini mõistetavaid tähised ning visuaali kujundusvõtted, mis võimaldavad
There are numerous interruptions, characterised by the pilgrims' own actions. The whole tales are a broad panorama of human nature including everything that is noble and base (the opposite of noble). · GC was in a transitional stage into the Renaissance. There is humanity and humanism in his works and it is why he has sympathy for people. · GC decided to break free from Italian and French literature. His vocabulary is very informal, easy, he doesn't use alliteration and his verse is musical. He uses lines of 10 syllables with 5 stresses each. His lines run in rhyming couplets. · GC was a forerunner of the Renaissance. Literature of the 15th century · The barren century · Ethnic groups in England had become a more or less unified nation · Beginning of the English nation, no longer Saxon or French Norman, or Celtic
eelmistel aastatel said õpilased teate (lühema kirjutise) eest just seetõttu vähem punkte, et unustasid kirja algusesse lisada õige pöördumise. Võrreldes seda, kuidas erinevates koolides oli hindamisjuhendist kinni peetud, esines märkimisväärseid erinevusi. Kuna kirjutamise puhul on tegu subjektiivse hindamisega, siis võib mõnepunktilist kõikumist hinnetes normaalseks pidada. Samas jäi mulje, et kohati suhtuvad õpetajad liiga loominguliselt hindamisskaala aspektidesse Vocabulary ja Grammar / Spelling, hinnates suhteliselt võrdväärseid töid ebajärjepidevalt, kord kõrgemate, siis jälle madalamate punktidega. Graafik 2 Ülesanne 1 Teate kirjutamise eest oli eksaminandidel võimalik saada kolm punkti (vt ka hindamisjuhendit). Õpilasel tuli kirjutada e-kiri oma Dublinis elavale sõbrale. Kirjutamise põhjuseks oli mahaununenud rahakott. E-kirjas tuli kolme etteantud teemapunkti (prompts) kasutades
vastasid laste klassijuhatajad lastega seotud küsimustikele. 2. 1. 3. Tulemused Mõlema vanusegrupi näitajatest olid kõige madalamad verbaalne töömälu ja visuaalruumiline töömälu. Visaalruumilise töömälu ja verbaalse töömälu vahel on siin kohal seos, nagu sooviti uurimusega ka kindlaks teha. 5 Hinnangud näitavad, et sõnavara tulemused, mis mõõdeti BPVS'i järgi (British Picture Vocabulary Scale), olid oluliselt madalamad vanemal vanusegrupil. Teine skaala, mille järgi teste analüüsiti, on WASI (Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence). Väärib märkimist, et lapsed said üldjuhul madalamad sõnavaratesti tulemused WASI järgi kui BPVS'i järgi. Need kaks testi erinevad teineteisest märgatavalt: WASI test vajab konkreetsele sõnale mingit sünonüümi. Siinkohal võib laps aru saada sõna tähendusest, kuid tal puudub keeleline oskus anda sõnale piisav
Essential Vocabulary - I The role of law in society 1. juriidilised kohustused – legal obligations 2. kannatanud pool, kahjukannataja – injured party 3. vaidlusi lahendama (kohtus) – to settle a dispute in a court of law 4. riskeerima tehingute tegemisega – to risk making transactions 5. õigusnõustamist otsima – to seek legal advice 6. tagama, et leping kehtiks – to ensure that the contract would be valid 7. õiguslikke vahendeid kasutama – to use legal means 8. harjuma õiguslikke vahendeid kasutama – to get accustomed to using legal means 9. omama teadmisi millestki – to have knowledge of smth 10. ette kirjutama, ettekirjutus, ettekirjutav – to prescribe, prescription, prescriptional 11. karistust kandma – to serve punishment (ka to suffer a penalty) 12. vägivaldselt käituma (kellegi suhtes) – to act violently towards smb 13. a...
Intersemiotic-(between)- Sound-Words/Words-Sound. F.e.-in movies *phone ringing* Problems: Dialects/Regional varieties- When translating: Mainstream Eng. vs Jamaican Eng., then you could translate MS Eng to MS Est, and Jamaican Eng into a language variety with a similar (social) role. Social class- RP-received pronunciation-(aka posh lang.) When translating: RP vs lower class Eng, then you could translate RP using complicated words, and lower class Eng, using limited vocabulary. • Hatim and Munday – what is translation according to these two men? Why is this not quite enough nowadays? 1.Process of transferring written text from SL to TL(done by a translator) 2.The written product of the process in No.1 3.Mental, social, linguistic etc phenomenon related to the written product in No.2 It is not quite enough nowadays, because translating is not only about written product. For example, translating to deaf people via sign
transcends his writing, he is in no way the subject of which his book is the predicate; there is no other time than that of the utterance, and every text is eternally written here and now. This is because (or: it follows that) to write can no longer designate an ope- ration of recording, of observing, of representing, of “painting” (as the Classic writers put it), but rather what the linguisticians, following the vocabulary of the Oxford school, call a performative, a rare verbal form (exclusively given to the first person and to the present), in which utterance has no other content than the act by which it is uttered: something like the / Command of kings or the I Sing of the early bards; the modern writer, having buried the Author, can therefore no longer believe, according to the “pathos” of his predecessors, that his hand is too slow for his thought or his pas-
HTML, XML, OWL, RDF. Open Directory, WordNet, ConceptNet, Cyc, semantiliste seoste automaatne leidmine. · OWL stands for Web Ontology Language · OWL is built on top of RDF · OWL is for processing information on the web · OWL was not designed for being read by people · OWL is written in XML · OWL and RDF are much of the same thing, but OWL is a stronger language with greater machine interpretability than RDF. · OWL comes with a larger vocabulary and stronger syntax than RDF. 38. Tarkvara agendid. Intelligentse agendi põhiline idee on luua eesmärke seadvaid, olukorda hindavaid, läbirääkivaid, koos töötavaid, otsustavaid süsteemiobjekte ning nende kooslusi. Tüüpilised näited isiklik reisiagent, isiklik assistent, agentide võrgustikud. Suurim eelis - seadmete iseseisvus ja koostöö. Agentide probleeme - kasutamine,standardimine, turve, teenuste
· 1500 turn of the century · 1533 Reformation (Henry VIII) · Individual responsibility before God, no need for the mediation of the (Roman Catholic) Church · Need for religious literature, particularly the Bible, in the vernacular the language of the native speakers (as opposed to Latin as a lingua franca) · Need for general literacy · Renaissance- Need for terminology and new (scientific, philosophical, etc) vocabulary in the vernacular The Great Vowel Shift was a major change in the pronunciation of the English language that took place in the south of England between 1450 and 1750. First studied by Otto Jespersen, who coined the term. The phonetic values of the long vowels form the main difference between the pronunciation of Middle English and Modern English, and the Great Vowel Shift is one of the historical events marking the separation of Middle and Modern English
Tartu Miina Härma gymnasium Biogas The source of future energy Report Tartu 2010 Table of Contents Introduction......................................................................................................... What is biogas?................................................................................................... Producing process............................................................................................... Nowadays............................................................................................................ Areas where biogas is used in............................................................................. Biogas as replacement of fuel.......................................................................... Other benefits.......................................................................
also brought standardization to English. Spelling and grammar became fixed, and the dialect of London, where most publishing houses were, became the standard.[5] Late Modern English (1800-Present) The main difference between Early Modern English and Late Modern English is vocabulary. Late Modern English has many more words, arising from two principal factors: firstly, the Industrial Revolution and technology created a need for new words; secondly, the British Empire at its
1. ENERGEETIKA NEGATIIVSE KESKKONNAMÕJU VÄHENDAMISE ALAMPROGRAMM JA VÄLISÕHUKAITSE ALAMPROGRAMM Sisukord Sisukord..........................................................................................................................3 1.1 Seletuskiri.................................................................................................................4 1.1.1 Alamprogrammide koostamine, eesmärgid ja prioriteedid................................4 1.1.2. Esitatud taotluste ülevaade prioriteetide lõikes................................................6 1.1.3 Rahastamisettepanek ja eelarve eelnõu tabel.....................................................7 1.2 Riiklikud projektid, eesmärgid ja ettepanekud.........................................................8 1.3 Eeldatav mõju prioriteetide lõikes..........................................................................13 Lisad: Lisa 1. KIK-ist laek...
SUMMARY The topic of this researh is using English words and phrases while speaking Estonian. Young people use English words and phrases quite often. There are several reasons for using English words and phrases while speaking Estonian: young people claim that it is easier or they do not remember the right Estonian word. We can also say that they use English words and phrases because they do not read as many books as young people used to read and that is why their vocabulary is not very wide. Doing my research work I learned that almost every student of Oskar Luts Palamuse Gymnasium forms 8.-12. uses English words and phrases while speaking Estonian. Only one person speaks his native language without any English words. It was also found out that the students questioned understand the influence of using a foreign language on their mother tongue. To gather the necessary data a survey was carried out among Oskar Luts Palamuse Gymnasium 8th to 12th grade students
(nt, heart- to break a heart, to take to heart, to have heart in one's mouth). Most native words make up large groups of derived nad compound words(nt, heart-ly, heart-less, to heart-en, hard hearted, sad hearted)The native eliments play a very important role in English. Influence of borrowings Some say that Engl lg was enriched mainly due to loan words. The first effects of foreign influences is of course the volume of vocabulary. Borrowings influence native words stilistically and semantically. If we have 2 words in the lg: one native, other borrowed, then they become different in meaning and usage (nt, to meet or to encounter- meaning's the same, but stilistically different)Under the influence of borrowings native words narrowed their meaning (nt stool-iste, chair was borrowed, chair infuenced stool and it is now a taburet). Borrowings have influenced the Engl lg a lot yet native eliments should not be disregarded or
My mother gives me sihiline tegusõna its meaning when used in the active voice. Verbs such as pocket money. ask, bring, get, give, are typically used transitively. word sõna The basic linguistic unit which relates the grammar of a language to its vocabulary. Words can be categorised into lexical and grammatical words. Lexical words belong to open systems, where new words are frequently added. Grammatical words (e.g. determiners, conjunctions, prepositions) belong to
They made new combinations of English words, such as backwoods and bullfrog, or gave old English words entirely new meanings, such as lumber ( which in British English means approximately junk ) and corn ( which in British means any grain, especially wheat ). Some of the new terms were needed, because there were new and un-English things to talk about. Others can be explained only on the general theory that languages are always changing, and American English is no exception. Aside from the new vocabulary, differences in pronunciation, in grammatical construction, and especially in intonation developed. If the colonization had taken place a few centuries earlier, American might have become as different from English as French is from Italian. But the settlement occurred after the invention of printing, and continued through a period when the idea of educating everybody was making rapid progress. For a long time most of the
little. In the period between 1066 and 1120 AD, a mere 900 Anglo-Norman words became assimilated into English. As the Saxons began to accept their Norman conquerors, however; language change became more rapid, with 10,000 Anglo-Norman words entering English before the 15th century. Vocabulary Change Of the 10,000 French words adopted during the Norman occupation, three-quarters of these are still in use. Currently, French vocabulary is found in all areas-government, law, art, and literature. More than one third of English words today are derived, directly or indirectly, from French. This is so pronounced, that without prior study, English speakers already know 15,000 French words. Pronunciation Change Much of current English pronunciation can be traced to definite French influence. Old English had many unvoiced, fricative sounds, while French introduced voiced counterparts.
pioneered by Braque and Picasso.[3] In 1910 he joined with several other artists, including Delaunay, Jacques Villon, Henri Le Fauconnier, Albert Gleizes, Francis Picabia, and Marie Laurencin to form an offshoot of the Cubist movement, the Puteaux Group--also called the Section d'Or (The Golden Section). Léger was influenced during this time by Italian Futurism, and his paintings, from then until 1914, became increasingly abstract. Their vocabulary of tubular, conical, and cubed forms are laconically rendered in rough patches of primary colors plus green, black and white, as seen in the series of paintings with the title Contrasting Forms. Léger's experiences in World War I had a significant effect on his work. Mobilized in August 1914 for service in the French Army, he spent two years at the front in Argonne. He produced many sketches of artillery pieces, airplanes, and fellow soldiers while in the trenches, and
Mongoliidide keskmine on 106, mis on suurem kui europiidide keskmine, mis on mõõdetud europiidide testidega. Europiidid on paremad verbaalselt. Mongoliidide eelis on ruumilised võimed. G. Soolised erinevused vaimsetes võimetes Üldandekus F>M SB: balanseeritud ülesanded WAIS : M>F - Information, Comprehension, Arithmetic, Picture Completion, Block Design ˇ F>M - Similarities, Vocabulary, Digit Symbol M=F - Digit Span, Picture Arrangement, Object Assembly *Verbaalsed võimed F>M alates 12 a. Aritmeetilised võimed M>F alates 12 a *Ruumilised võimed M>F Psühhomotoorsed võimed M=F Võimete variatiivsus - M>F Naised on tugevamad verbaalses võimetes, mis ilmnevad murdeeas, kuna siis tekivad organismilised selged erinevused.
to visit a society where that particular form has not been felt, or a historical period in which it was unknown. Professor Wilbur Schramm made such a tactical move in stydying Television in the Lives o f Our Children. He found areas where TV had not penetrated at all and ran some tests. Since he had made no study of the peculiar nature of the TV image, his tests were of "content" preferences, viewing time, and vocabulary counts. In a word, his approach to the problem was a literary one, albeit unconsciously so. Consequently, he had nothing to report. Had his methods been employed in 1500 A.D. to discover the effects of the printed book in the lives of children or adults, he could have found out nothing of the changes in human and social, psychology resulting from typography. Print created individualism and nation alism in the sixteenth century. Program and "content" analysis offer no clues to the magic of these
Computer-assisted stylistic analysis appears to be quite promising, e.g the study of cases of disputed authorship (I may claim I have written Othello) which may study the influence of one author to another. Although still somewhat chaotic stylistic is a vigorous, young science with vast prospects. Stylistician- a scholar who studies style. Stylist- a writer or speaker skilled in a literary style. Linguistic style Linguistic style is a variety of language with its peculiar vocabulary, phraseology, grammatical, phonetic features that are used selectively and purposefully to express ideas in a given situation. Linguostylistics or linguistic stylistics Studies linguistic facts from the point of view of the ability to convey additional shades of meaning. Any act of speech that is both oral and written is meant to pass on information. There are 2 types: 1. the content as such 2. additional information
· Homereading we read a case from European Court of Justice thingy. · Oral thing. · 90% you have to attend · Have to prepare for class and take part of it etc What we learn: Terms Expressions / collocations (nt obey/abide by the law) Explaining AWOL absence without a leave Legal English can be divided into 3 levels. We learn the first one, which is needed for the other two! You have to know the vocabulary etc. Second level has to do with legal contracts... The third level both 1 and 2 and explaining... We learn the vocabulary + explaining. Process of law-making draft law/bill (seaduseelnõu) is developed draft is sent to the parliament readings(amendments made to the law (seadusemuudatused)pass/ adopt the lawpass on to the presidentproclame (väljakuulutama) or veto or sent to supreme court (riigikohus) (may declare it
example , shooting and archery. One of my duties was to drive a minibus. In fact , I have been driving for 9 years. As an added requirement , I also have my Gold Lifesaving Certificate. i really feel that my abilities meet your requirements. i hope you will give my application serious consideration. I look forward to hearing from you. Yours faithfully, Pablo Arrieta Strategy In such writing tasks it is essential that you edit your work carefully for vocabulary, grammatical and spelling errors. Read your work through as many times as possible, checking for one type of error each time. TASK 27 Look at this task and the answer a candidate wrote below. Unfortunately, there are a number of spelling, vocabulary and grammar errors. Find and correct these errors. You told a friend that you were interested in applying to do an MBA (Master of Business Administration) at a British university but you didn't know which one to choose
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