Constructivism theory (0)

Sarnased õppematerjalid

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URO Security Council kriis, United nations Legitimacy crisis

Legitimacy! AND UNITED NATIONS CRISIS In this article, we examine the current debate regarding the legitimacy crisis facing the UNSC. We consider its most usual manifestation, namely that the Council faces a crisis of legitimacy because of its inability to constrain the unilaterally inclined hegemonic United States. But we also examine the converse argument that it is the whole UN collective security mechanism (rather than just the Council) that is in crisis. According to this, it is the failure to recognize the unique dangers immanent within the contemporary security environment and the inability of the UN security system to tackle these which is the cause of the current crisis of legitimacy. International society, this position continues, must acknowledge these, and vest in the hegemon the powers it requires in order to meet its global responsibilities. Acknowledging the implications of both of these positions, we argue that the resolution of the current crisis of legitimacy

Inglise keel

15

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The Rise and Demise of the New Public Management, 28 10

century has been the New Public Management (NPM). It is of particular interest in the post-autistic economics (pae) context because NPM largely rests on the same ideology and epistemology as standard textbook economics (STE) is based (for my take on this, see Drechsler 2000), and it has had, and still has, similar results. Already more on the defensive within public administration (PA) than STE is within economics, NPM also shows that such major paradigm shifts in theory and policy may actually happen. In addition, it occasionally appears that pae-oriented scholars have overlooked the fact that some features in public management reform, state organization, and the economic interpretation of state functions that they advocate ­ from "Good Governance" to "efficiency" as a goal in itself ­ actually belong into the "other camp" and by and large have a disastrous effect on "industrial" and

Avalik haldus

47

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Public International Law is a system of law

facto. Recognizing by international treaty. After the II WW in 1955, Austria was established as an independent state. It was re-established in an international treaty signed by the allied powers, it was automatically de jure recognition. Usually recognition cannot be withdrawn, unless country somehow was divided or re- organized etc. One example when it happened, e.g. Japan against China in Two theories Constitutive theory ­ says that countries or government don't exist until they are officially recognized Declaratory theory ­ countries or governments exist objectively and recognition only confirms their existing situation. Many think that declaratory theory is more relevant, in reality, constitutive theory is more practical. To receive international rights and obligations you have to be recognized, it's easier to deal with the constitutive theory.

Inglise keel

14

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Education

Adults cry "educate our children!" Everyone has opinions about the best way to do the job. It is of urgent importance, and all the numerous factors are much studied, debated, and new (or old) ideas continually tested or retested. Some people say "it's as simple as . . . " and then name their pet peeve or passion. My view is not of an education specialist, but of one who loves sharing what I learn, and owes much to educators. Since I don't have an educational theory neatly worked-out, nor an outline of my perceptions, my intent is to address each educational ingredient that comes to my mind. After I've said what I think about each topic, readers may have a fair comprehension of my philosophy. First comes sensitivity. If a person be insensitive, be it from numbing cold, exhaustion, drugs, genetic makeup, or upbringing, then the process of education is bogged down, and results come only after great efforts

Inglise keel

8

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Syria (Helimun)

1. UN as a world organization The United Nations officially came into existence on 24 October 1945, when the UN Charter had been ratified by a majority of the original 51 Member States. The day is now celebrated each year around the world as United Nations Day. The purpose of the United Nations is to bring all nations of the world together to work for peace and development, based on the principles of justice, human dignity and the well-being of all people. It affords the opportunity for countries to balance global interdependence and national interests when addressing international problems. There are currently 192 Members of the United Nations. The Aims of the United Nations: -To keep peace throughout the world. -To develop friendly relations between nations. -To work together to help people live better lives, to eliminate poverty, disease and illiteracy in the world, to stop environmental destruction and to encourage respect for each other's rights and freedoms. -To be a centre fo

Inglise keel

164

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Challenges of childrens participation A Case Study of active citizenship in Cadle Primary School

child development. She contends that children do not have equal status with adults as they do not possess the virtues of rationality and capability of making reasonable decisions about their lives.31 Purdy believes that `there are morally relevant differences between children and adults `in which irrationality is instrumental of justifying divergent treatment for children. 32 Purdy believes that children are `unfinished beings who need a period of development and 26 Childhood Matters: Social Theory, Practise and Politics, p. 125. 27 Such et al, p. 302. 28 Jeremy Roche, `Children, Rights, Participation and Citizenship`. Education, Vol 6.4 (1999) pp.475-493 (476). 29 Morrow, p.150 ; Children`s Rights and Early Education, p.8. 30 Martha Minow, `Interpreting Rights: An Essay for Robert Cover`, Yale Law Journal 1987 (96),1860-1915. 31 Laura Purdy, In Their Best Interest? The Case Against Equal Rights for Children` (London: Cornell University Press, 1992), p. 3.

Inglise keel

38

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Backpaking lifestyle

life. This article empirically explores this proposition using lifestyle consumption as its framing concept and conceptualises individuals who style their lives around the enduring practice of backpacking as ‘lifestyle travellers’. Ethnographic interviews with lifestyle travellers in India and Thailand offer an emic account of the practices, ideologies and social identity that characterise lifestyle travel as a distinctive subtype within backpacking. Departing from the drifter construct, which (re)constitutes this identity as socially deviant, the concept of lifestyle allows for a contemporary appraisal of these individuals’ patterns of meaningful consumption and wider insights into how ongoing mobility can lead to different ways of understanding identities and relating to place. Keywords: lifestyle consumption; backpacker; mobility; drifter; identity INTRODUCTION Within the social world of backpacking, there exist a small proportion of tourists who

Inglise keel

8

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To what extent does the media influence foreign policy?

c+wishes+and+foreign+policy&source=bl&ots=SvczDteuMa&sig=ACfU3U0bkteDNeXvD U4Z5JQrFkZ0gxt6iA&hl=et&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiahOaTmv_hAhWKw6YKHVEQCE8Q 6AEwAXoECAgQAQ#v=onepage&q=media%20public%20wishes%20and%20foreign%20p olicy&f=false [Accessed 26 Apr. 2019] Cambridge Academic Content Dictionary. (2017). Retrived from: https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/media [Accessed 15 Apr. 2019] Gilboa, E. (2005). The CNN Effect: The Search for a Communication. Theory of International Relations [Accessed 15 Apr. 2019] Tomz, M; Weeks, J; Yarhi-Milo, K. (2017). How does public opinion affect foreign policy in democracies? Retrived from: https://web.stanford.edu/~tomz/working/TWY-PublicOpinion-2017-08-25d.pdf [Accessed 17 Apr. 2019] Napley, K. (2017). Criminal Law blog:The Impact of Fake News: Society.

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