Book Report Title ,,Othello" Author William Shakespeare Genre play, tragedy Setting time between 1489 and 1571 Setting place Venice and Cyprus Topics miscommunication, jealousy, revenge, hatred Othello was written in the 17th century and it is based on the Italian short story "Un Capitano Moro" (A Moorish Captain) by Cinthio (Giovanni Battista Giraldi). It was first published in 1565. The main characters of the play are Othello, Desdemona, Cassio and Iago. The play in this book has 91 pages and this book is published in 1996 by Dover Publications. Characters: Major characters: Othello he is the play's protagonist and hero. He has risen to high military
Then 9 Australia broke away from Antarctica and began to move north. Aborigines arrived there about 50 000 years ago. They had occupied the whole continent by 30 000 years ago. At that time Tasmania was still part of the mainland. About 20 000 years ago the ice began to melt and the rising water level cut Tasmania off from the mainland. Traders from what is now Indonesia are thought to have been visiting Australia well before the 17th century. Chinese, Malaysian and Arab sea captains may also have landed in northern Australia after the 15th century. Still Australia remained unexplored until 17th century. One of the reasons Australia remained undiscovered was that it was located off the trading corridor of the Indian and South Pacific. The first recorded European contact with Australia was in March 1606, when Dutch explorer Willem Janszoon charted the west coast of Cape York Peninsula, Queensland. The
Vulnerable people may confess to serious crimes. By no means all people tried and executed for witchcraft were women. The majority were female but a significant minority were men. The Decline of the Witch Hunts Witch-hunts sometimes ended because many people feared they were going too far and innocent people were being executed. Witch trials became more rigorous and higher standards of evidence were demanded. More and more people in the 17th century and early 18th century opposed the use of torture to obtain confessions, not necessarily because it was cruel but because it was not a reliable way of gaining information. Increasingly judges, would not accept confessions unless they were voluntary and not obtained by torture. People also became sceptical about so-called spectral evidence. Some supposed victims of witchcraft claimed they were being tormented by the 'spectres' of the people who bewitched them.
the throne, the transition of To rectify this, James had power went smoothly. Parliament pass the James's succession set aside Succession to the Crown Act Henry VIII's Third 1603. The question of Succession Act and will in whether Parliament could favour of the line of Henry's control the succession to the younger sister, Mary Tudor. crown by statute was controversial throughout the 17th century. Used Pages http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabeth_I_of_England http://www.elizabethi.org/uk/biography.html http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/TUDelizabeth1.htm http://tudorhistory.org/elizabeth/ http://www.luminarium.org/renlit/elizabio.htm http://www.poemhunter.com/queen-elizabeth-tudor-i/biography/
Running head: DE BEERS MONOPOLY De Beers Monopoly Microeconomics Diamonds an extremely hard, highly refractive crystalline form of carbon that is usually colourless and well know as "girl's best friends", but the story of how diamonds got so famous and how they have remained so rare is down to a company named DeBeers. This paper is about DeBeers, the most powerful diamond company in the world. Monopoly main characteristics were that firm is single seller of the product without any close substitutes. Nowadays DeBeers have many substitutes and that is the reason why they are not a pure monopoly, but they are definitely nearly one. This is because the firm still has the bulk of world sales and controls 45% of world diamonds market. This paper examines these monopoly characterises, also how and why DeBeers diamonds monopoly still exists and what be...
Artikkel Artikkel on abisõna, mis kuulub nimisõna juurde. Inglise keeles on kaks artiklit: 1) umbmäärane artikkel umbmäärane artikkel on a, täishäälikuga algava nimisõna ees an 2) Määrav artikkel on the Umbmäärase artikli puudumine võib muuta nimisõna tähendust wood puit a wood mets fire tuli a fire lõke iron raud a iron triikraud He gave me the book. Ta andis mulle selle raamatu. He gave me a book. Ta andis mulle ühe raamatu. Umbmääran artikkel a (an) näitab, et tegemist on ühe asjaga või isikuga. Umbmäärane artikkel on tekkinud arvsõnast one (üks). Seepärast saab umbmäärast artiklit tarvitada ainult ainsus oleva nimisõnaga. Give the child a book. Anna lapsele üks raamat. Umbmäärase artikli tarvitamine elukutusete ja rahvuste puhul. Ainsus: I am a doctor. He i...
1. Feminism movement, ideology to defend women’s rights Suffrage – right to vote 2. Feminism isn’t a unitary movement because it represents different women and different experiences for them in different parts of the world. Different ideologies 3. Three waves of feminism • 1st wave – early 19th century – early 20th century (Political rights, suffrageright to vote) • 2nd wave – 1960s1980s (Social inequalities, gender norms, Women's Liberation Movement) • 3rd wave – 1990s2000s (ideas are the same, but they wanted to get rid of things the second wave had failed to do); feminisms, expansion, multiplicity, postcolonialism. 4. Anne Bradstreet the first feminist 17th century; the most prominent of early English poets of North America and first female writer in the British North American colonies to be published Mary Wollstonecraft education; an eighteenthcentury English wr...
(3) From 1609 to 1621 a truce was in effect between the Spanish and the Dutch, but the war subsequently dragged on until 1648, when the Spanish signed the Treaty of Münster, by which the sovereignty of the Dutch Republic of the United Provinces was recognized. The republic thus severed all theoretical ties with Spain and the Holy Roman Empire and became one of the great powers on the Continent, a republic in the midst of monarchies. (3) 2.6 The Golden Age In the early 17th century, when eventual Dutch independence was assured, an era of great commercial prosperity opened, as did the so-called Golden Age of Dutch art, with such painters as Rembrandt and Jan Vermeer. By the mid-17th century the Netherlands was the foremost 9 commercial and maritime power of Europe, and Amsterdam was the financial centre of the Continent. (3) 2.7 Exploration and Colonization
Buckingham Palace finally became the principal royal residence in 1837. When the Queen is at home, you can see her royal flag flying from the flag pole on top of Buckingham Palace. This flag is called the Royal Standard. Five regiments of Foot Guards guard the Palace. They wear red jackets and tall, furry hats called bearskins. Kensington Palace Kensington Palace is located in Kensington Gardens near Hyde Park. It was built in the 17th century and has been a residence has been a royal residence since. It was the official residence of Diana, Princess of Wales. It was improved by Sir Christorpher Wren. Currently some parts of the palace are open to public. Hampton Court Palace Hampton Court Palace is a large royal palace in the southwest of London. The British Royal family hasn't lived in it since the 18th century. The most famous resident of Hampton Court was probably Henry VIII
independent Novgorod and Pskov feudal republics plus numerous small duchies (which came to be vassals of the Tatars) in the east. The official language in Moscow and Novgorod, and later, in the growing Muscovy, was Church Slavonic, which evolved from Old Church Slavonic and remained the literary language for centuries, until the Petrine age, when its usage became limited to biblical and liturgical texts. Russian developed under a strong influence of Church Slavonic until the close of the 17th century; afterward the influence reversed, leading to corruption of liturgical texts. The political reforms of Peter the Great ( , Pyótr Velíkiy) were accompanied by a reform of the alphabet, and achieved their goal of secularization and Westernization. Blocks of specialized vocabulary were adopted from the languages of Western Europe. By 1800, a significant portion of the gentry spoke French daily, and German sometimes. Many Russian novels of the 19th century, e.g
and Nova Scotia. Canada is a federation of 10 provinces (Newfoundland, Prince Edward Island, Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Quebec, Ontario, Manitoba, Saskatchewan, Alberta, British Columbia) along with 3 territories (the Yukon Territory, the Nunavut Territory and the Northwest Territories). History The first explorers were of many nationalities and came to Canada as early as 1,000 A.D., but it was the French who first began to colonize early in the 17th century. This was largely a French country for a century and a half, although New Brunswick and the mainland of Nova Scotia were coded to Britain in 1713. In 1735 a war began between France and England over the fur trade in North America. Since 1759 and on to this day Canada became British. In the middle of the 19th century it seemed practical to unite the colonies into one self- governing country. In 1867 the Dominion of Canada was created - an independent country
· The role of Abraham Lincoln Uneducated, but still considered the best President Nominated for precidency in 1860 Renomination during the Civil War Emancipation Proclamation (slaves free) Wrote Habreas Corpus (court decides if government can detain smt) 6 The Homestead Act (Anyone who had never taken up arms against the U.S. Government, including freed slaves, could file an application and get land) · The role of Andrew Johnson Vice president of the Unites States Became the 17th President after Lincoln's assassination Wasn't liked No support from southern states The Tenure of Office Act (banned president from his powers) Impeached in 1868 (umbusaldust avaldama) Bought Alaska in 1867 for $7 million The rejection of the 14th Amendment The 14th amendment · Black Codes no rights for black people at all even worse than slavery itself · 14th Amendment to the Constitution Granted citizenship to "all persons born or naturalized in the United States"
org/wiki/Bubonic_plague (21.02.2011) Wikipedia homepage: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Plague_of_London (22.02.2011) Historic UK's homepage: http://www.historic-uk.com/HistoryUK/England- History/GreatPlague.htm (02.03.2011) London All Info homepage: http://london.allinfo-about.com/features/plague.html (05.03.2011) Grand Gallimaufry homepage: http://sylvaansuz.wordpress.com/2009/12/09/the-plague- doctors-garb/ (04.03.2011) 10 APPENDIXES Appendix 1 - London in the 17th century 11 Appendix 2 - A newspaper release during the plague Blueprint . A newspaper release during the plague 12 Appendix 3 Blueprint . "Bring out your dead!" 13 Appendix 4 Blueprint . Plague doctor 14 Appendix 5 Blueprint . Comparison of the deaths between Great Plague and other diseases 15
Bestknown morality was "Everyman" written 1485. In the 16th century more human themes were dealt with in plays. Different types of palys. Interludes are one act plays, staged in richman houses and the aim was to entertain. In court the court masque included dancing, singing, scenery and costumes. Based on mythology and allegorie. Characters were fairies etc. Often actors were members of the court. Also king or queen. Louise XV was fonf of acting, often took part. At the end of 16th start 17th saw the appearance of professional actors. They travelled from town to town in caravan. In 1572 a law was past that stated that only the actors belonging to certain companies were aloud to perform. These companies were: The actors of Earl Leicaster, Earl of Warwick and Earl of Southampton and queen Elizabeths actors. It was forbidden to give performances on Sunday (church day), pubs were also closed. At first shown in inyards. In 1576 the first playhouse was built in London called "The Theatre"
Louis XIV, who made a deal with a fur trading company so that only they would be allowed to trade beaver pelts, which were in fashion that time and they would settle Canada at Port Royal in 1605 and Quebec City in 1608, and by the English in Newfoundland, around 1610. European explorers and trappers brought European diseases that spread rapidly through native trade routes and decimated the Aboriginal population. For much of the 17th century, the English and French colonies in North America were able to develop in relative isolation from each other. French colonists extensively settled the St. Lawrence River valley, while English colonists largely settled in the Thirteen Colonies to the south. However, as competition for territory, naval bases, furs and fish escalated, several wars broke out between the French, English and Native tribes. 13. Political system, symbols
The political system of the USA is divided into three branches: judicial, legislative and executive. Each branch holds a certain degree of power over the others, and all take part in the governmental process. The constitution of the USA. Although the American system of government is based on Great Britain's, it differs in having a written constitution, that is the bases of all government and law. The constitution of the US was adopted after the War of Independence on the 17th of September 1787. It lists the set of rules, law regulations, which provide the practical norms, regulating the work of the government. The document imbodied the practical theories of man of property. The main principle underline the constitution was as follows: "Private property is the backbone of liberty". It was put forward by a rich plantation owner from Virginia James Madison, who is known to be a father of the constitution. The constitution consists of Preamble and seven articles
Brazil In Brazil, the word crioulo came to mean "dark skinned person", that is, a person of mostly African ancestry. In the Colony it was common to refer to a slave born in Brazil as a crioulo and to a slave from Africa as an "African". Thus crioulo came to refer to slaves born and raised in Brazil. Later, crioulos was used to refer to all people of African ancestry.African slaves were imported into the country from the 17th century until the first half of the 19th century. Due to their multiple ethnic roots and to the wide geographic expanse of the country, the slaves and their descendants did not constitute a organized ethnic group. On the other hand, as in the Portuguese colonies in Africa, people of mixed Portuguese and African ancestry soon came to constitute a large segment of the population. There were no sharp class divisions based on degrees of African heritage
safety up North just a jump ahead of his hotly pursuing massa, who quickly summoned a policeman. “You know you my nigger!” the massa screamed wildly at his slave, who simply looked blank and kept explaining, “He’p me Gawd, I ain’t never sot eyes on dat white man! – convincing a gathered crowd, along with the policeman who ordered the furious white man to quiet down and move on or he’d have to arrest him for disturbing the peace. During the 17th and 18th century when slavery existed in the United States, house slaves were slaves who worked and often lived in the house of the slave-owner. They usually lived more comfortably than field slaves. A pejorative term house Negro/house Nigger was sometimes used in reference to the black slaves instead. The term comes from Malcolm X’s speech "Message to the Grass Roots" (1963). Massa refers to the colloquial black English pronunciation of master, used by black slaves when
English literature is one of the oldest literatures in Europe; dates back to the 6th century AD. Oral literature, i.e. not written down, spread from person to person. In 449 AD Anglo-‐Saxon tribes invaded England – beginning of the Anglo-‐Saxon period in English literature. The first form of literature was folklore, carried by scops and gleemen, who sang in alliterative verse (a kind of simple poetry). Prose developed much later. The first form of recorded English literature was the epic Beowulf, which was produced sometime near the end of the 7th and beginning of the 8th century. It has no ...
greatest social revolution in British history: the coal and railway industries were to be nationalised; a comprehensive welfare state was to be created; health and hospital care were to be free for all; a national insurance scheme was to be introduced to ensure tat everyone received a state pension retirement. Britain and Ireland British colonization of Ireland began in the Middle Ages under Henry II, but the real conquest of Ireland dates from the beginning of the 17th century, when James I of England began the systematic expropriation of land from the Irish by sending anti-Catholic Protestants from Scotland to settle in Ulster which had always put up the greatest resistance to English rule. Fifty years later, Oliver Cromwell put down Irish rebellions with extreme ferocity. In 1690 the Irish made another attempt to resist the conquest of their country, but they were defeated. The Irish continued to resist
century. St Olaf's Church was the biggest building in medieval Tallinn. The interior is significant for the great height of the nave (31 m) and the beautiful asteroid vaults of the chancel. The steeple with its slender spire was once 159 m high and, as such, the tallest in in the world in the 1500s. This tall spire and a part of the valuable interior was destroyed in the fire caused by the lightning in 1625 and when it was restored in 1651, it was made lower. During the 17th and 18th centuries, the steeple was struck by lightning six times. The present height 123.7- m dates back to the restoration of 1820-1840, after the fire of 1820 that devastated the church. The restoration took 20 years and followed the old Gothic style and not the Neo- 13 Classical style dominating in the first half of the nineteenth century and so the restored St Olaf`s introduced the new, Historicist ecclesiastical architecture.
continued officially by James I). Ulster was colonised to prevent further rebellion. The Irish were forced to become protestants. Due to these events, we can now see some common features in speech between lowland Scotland and Northern Ireland. · 1620 - the English ship Mayflower sailed to North America from England. The ship failed to reach Virginia and landed in Plymouth instead. Jamestown and Plymouth were now the 2 settlements and grew rapidly. · 17th century - the English began to spread in Southern America as a result of slave trade. New kind of Englishes developed so that slaves and captors could understand eachother. This happening is called the Pidgin (Pidgin English). · 18th century - Large scale immigration from Ireland to North America. Parts of Canada were settled by the French, but Britain also had it's interest there. · 1763 - Canada (French speaking areas) was conceded to the British.
The subjects of her poems are traditional love, nature, religion and mortality. However, her treatment of these subjects is highly original. The language is cryptic and dramatic; the imagery and metaphors are strikingly original. Early publishers corrected her eccentric punctuation, which included the frequent use of dashes, seemingly random capitalisation of nouns, ungrammatical sentences and broken metre. Metaphysical influence The influence of the 17th cent Metaphysical poets can be seen in the intensity of the emotions she expressed and her use of startling metaphors. Inner struggle and nature Her poetry often reveals a painful inner struggle that may have been caused by religious doubt. Although she could not accept the doctrines of orthodox religion, she seemed to long for the comforts of unquestioned faith. Hers is the poetry of funerals, volcanoes, storms and shipwrecks, but it is also the poetry of butterflies, birds and sunrays
Joonepsühholoogia (trait psychology) kriitika. Mischel (1968): joonte madal situatsioonidevaheline kooskõla ja ennustusvõime. Situatsionism ja interaktsionism. Isiksusepsühholoogia ajalugu Allport (1937) eristab kuut "koolkonda" isiksusepsühholoogia eelajaloos. Kirjanduslik karakteroloogia (Theophrastos; La Bruyère). Karakteroloogia oli 17. sajandil väga populaarne kirjandusžanr, nt on 1891 välja antud antoloogia "Character writings of the 17th century". Theophrastose "Inimtüübid" on tõlgitud eesti keelde (Ivo Volt, TÜ Kirjastus, 2000). “Kehamahlade” psühholoogia (humoral psychology; Galenos, Hippokrates; Kant, Wundt). Klassikalised temperamenditüübid (melanhoolik, koleerik, flegmaatik, sangviinik) ning nende postuleeritud seos "kehamahladega" (must sapp, kollane sapp, lima, veri). Füsiognoomia (Aristoteles ja tema järgijad; Lavater) – iseloomu seostamine välimusega, eriti näojoontega. Frenoloogia (F.J. Gall)
Nõnda alga b pükst e ränn a k ja me eld ej ä ä v ai m suvi tüdruku t e elus. 1.Rändavate Pükste Õeskond. 1.1Kirjanikust Ann Brashares on sündinud 1967.aasta 30 juulil. Ta on Ameerika kirjanik ja noor täiskasvanud ilukirjanik. Brashares on sündinud Alexandrias, Virginias ja üles kasvanud Chevy Chases, Marylandis. Ta on lõpetanud keskooli Sindewelli Friends School, mis asub Washingtonis. Pärast filosoofia õppimist Barnardi Colledzis , töötas ta toimetajana 17th Stre e t Produc tion s he aks. 17th Stre e t on oma n d t u d Alloy Entert ain m e n t poolt, ja järgide s oma n d a t u t tööt a s ta lühiajaliselt Alloys. Päras t Alloyst lahku mis t kirjuta s ta " Ränd a v a t e Pükst e Õeskon n a " millest sai rahvu sv a h e lis elt hästi müü d u d raa m a t , millele järgn e s veel kolm "Pükst e" se eria t .Viiman e kandis nime "Igave s ti sinise s" , mis avald a ti 2007 aast a jaanu a ris. Selle esim e s e se eria
have pointed precisely to the extreme midwinter and midsummer positions of sun and moon. He found that using the 56 Aubrey Holes outside the stone circle, Stonehenge could be used as an elaborate computer for predicting an eclipse. Nowadays Stonehenge is used by the Druid order for their annual ritual. 12) ST. PATRICK'S DAY St. Patrick's Day honours Ireland's patron saint, who brought Christianity to a pagan nation. On the 17th of March the Irish celebrate the anniversary of his death. Many scholars think that there must have been at least two Patricks. The patron saint of Ireland was not Irish by birth or the origin of his parents. Magnus Sucatus Patricius was born in 386. His father was a high-ranking town official. One day he was captured by pirates and sold as a slave to Ireland. He spent six years in slavery and then he escaped by hiding on a ship which sailed to France. He entered a monastery
Margit Tepner k0848752 References: Ajanovic, A. 2010. Biofuels versus food production: Does biofuels production increase food prices. Energy, 36, p 2070-2076. Babcock, B.A. 2008. Breaking the Link between Food and biofuels. [Briefing Paper] Centere for Agirculture and Rural Development. www.card.iastate.edu Benedetti OIB, Rathmann R, Padula AD, Steinhorst GP. 2007. Usage competition between oilseeds and biofuels: impact assessment on the Brazilian food production. In: 17th annual world food and agribusiness forum and symposium IFAMA, Parma; 2007 Defra. 2008. The Impact of Biofuels on Commodity Prices. [Online] http://archive.defra.gov.uk/evidence/series/documents/impact-biofuels-commodities.pdf Farigone, J. Hill, J. Tilman, D. Polasky, S. Hawthorne, P. 2008. Land Celaring and the Biofuel Carbon Debt. Science 319 Fammini A. 2008. Biofues and the underlying causes of high food prices. Global Bioenergy Partnership Secretariat. FAO.2008
9 nine 9th ninth 10 ten 10th tenth 11 eleven 11th eleventh 12 twelve 12th twelfth 96 KUUL UULAA & KORD KORDA ORDA 13 thirteen 13th thirteenth 14 fourteen 14th fourteenth 15 fifteen 15th fifteenth 16 sixteen 16th sixteenth 17 seventeen 17th seventeenth 18 eighteen 18th eighteenth 19 nineteen 19th nineteenth 20 twenty 20th twentieth 21 twenty-one 21st twenty-first 22 twenty-two 22nd twenty-second 23 twenty-three 23rd twenty-third 24 twenty-four 24th twenty-fourth 30 thirty 30th thirtieth 40 forty 40th fortieth 50 fifty 50th fiftieth
military potential of these devices and primitive rockets were used to repel a Mongol invasion in 1232 AD. Word of these new amazing weapons quickly spread around the world and soon rockets were being used in military operations in North Africa and Europe. During the 15 th and 16th centuries they were widely used in naval battles to set fire on enemy ships. Around this time they also started being used for more peaceful purposes again. In the 16th and 17th century Europe fireworks displays using rockets became a very popular form of public entertainment. In the late 18th century the British army suffered two serious defeats at battles in Seringapatam, in India. The main reason for these defeats was that the Indian prince, Haidar Ali's army included a corps of rocket throwers. They used very large bamboo rockets which had a range of hundreds of metres. The British
and adventures of kings and knights began to appear (e.g. "The Death of Arthur"). In the 16th century English emotive prose progressed rapidly (mostly it influenced the translations from Greek, Latin, also Italian and French). But on the whole the emotive prose of the 16th century had not yet shaped itself as a separate style. The 17th century saw a considerable development in emotive prose (were introduced not only lexical but also syntactical innovations). It was puritan time, when simplicity in choice of words was predominant, another peculiarity of this period was a rather poorly developed system of connectives (e.g. "and", "so", "then"). 18th century emotive prose is characterized by the predominance of the realistic style. This century is regarded as the century which formed emotive prose
Passage. All landed in northeastern Canada, around today's Resolution Island and Frobisher Bay. Voyages in 1576, 1577 and 1578. John Davis was one of the chief English navigators and explorers under Elizabeth I. He led several voyages to discover the Northwest Passage, discoverer of Davis Strait in 1587. Henry Hudson was an English sea explorer and navigator in the early 17th century. For his third expedition in 1609, Hudson was eventually hired by the dutch to seek a Northeast Passage, but ended up exploring the northeastern coast of America, eventually sailing into the mouth of a wide river near today's New York City - now named the Hudson River. His fourth expedition in 1610 was filled with trouble mutiny and fights within the crew - but he managed to explore the area of Hudson Bay and James Bay. Mutineers cast Hudson and his son and
them what country they wanted to be a part of 1991. We tend to have unrealistic ideas of what is right and wrong regarding intl relations. 1991 also a violation of people's right to self-determination. Georgia provoked war 2008(?), thought US would come to aid. Russia not overextended; wont allow another Afghanistan. Want to make sure that there are no impending threats in near abroad, countries that used to be part of SU. Cleptocracies? Afraid of countries becoming liberal. Ukraine 17th century, Chmelnickov giving swords. Natl movements coming out of closet. Liberal movements mucked up opportunity to govern country, EE (Muslim countries worked differently). Econ catastrophes, not able to bring out, more conservative people. Riots come out of econ catastrophe. Good-thinking people willing to compromise some freedom for stability, have trains run on time, less crime on streets, mafia. Not happening under Yeltsin. Runaway inflation. Edu for civil society takes generation
Napoleon Bonaparte. Rather than a catalog of judicial decisions, the Code consists of abstractly written principles as rules of law. The civil law system is based on Roman law, especially the Corpus Juris Civilis of Emperor Justinian, as later developed by the Middle Ages. A second characteristic, beyond Roman law foundations, is the extended codification of the adopted Roman law, that is its inclusion into civil codes. The concept of codification was further developed during the 17th and 18th century, as an expression of both Natural Law and the ideas of the Enlightenment. This was a short overview of continental law, thank you for listening. Terms to explain: Criminal code - a set of principles relating to crime that are accepted and used by society or a particular group of people Civil code - a set of principles relating to private arguments between people or organizations rather than criminal matters To refrain from doing sth if you are made to avoid sth.
mead brewed on St. Thomas's day had to last until Epiphany. Brewing the ale was men's work, and it had to be started in the middle of the night so that an evil eye would not ruin the important act. for 350 years, Christmas Peace has been declared in Estonia?Each year on December 24, the President of Estonia declares Christmas Peace and attends a Christmas service. The tradition was initiated by the order of Queen Kristina of Sweden in the 17th century.Traditional Estonian Christmas food is pork with sauerkraut or Estonian sauerkraut (mulgikapsad), baked potatoes and swedes with hog's head, white and blood sausage, and brawn, also potato salad with red beet and pté are eaten. From desserts gingerbread and marzipan among others are very popular. The most highly regarded drinks during this holiday have been beer or mead, but today also mulled wine has become a popular drink.
LEXICOLOGY 1. Size of English vocabulary 1) Old English – 50,000 to 60,000 words Vocabulary of Shakespeare OE – homogeneous; 1/3 of the vocabulary has survived • 884,647 words of running text About 450 Latin loans (Amosova) • 29,000 different words (incl. work, working, Viking invasions added 2,000 worked, which are counted here as separate 2) Middle English – 100,000 – 125,000 words) English becomes heterogeneous (Norman French, • 21,000 words English, Latin), hybrid of Germanic and Romance languages Norman French influence – about 10,000 words, 75 % are still in use (Baugh) Latin influence continues 3) Early Modern English – 200,000 – 250,000 English becomes a polycentric language; polyglot, cosmopolitan lang...
postimees.ee/347787/usa-suursaadik-eestlased- torguvad-oma-tublidusest-raakimisel/. [Kasutatud 19. jaanuar, 2014]. 30 [24] Postimees, „Eesti jõuab uskmatusega BBC äärmustesaatesse,“ 2010. [Võrgumaterjal]. Available: http://www.postimees.ee/350842/eesti-jouab-uskmatusega-bbc-aarmustesaatesse/. [Kasutatud 19. jaanuar, 2014]. [25] BBC, „Estonia becomes 17th member of the euro zone,“ 2010. [Võrgumaterjal]. Available: http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-12098513. [Kasutatud 19. jaanuar, 2014]. [26] E24, „Uuring: Eesti on väga kõrge internetivabadusega riik,“ 2011. [Võrgumaterjal]. Available: http://www.e24.ee/420894/uuring-eesti-on-vaga-korge-internetivabadusega-riik/. [Kasutatud 19. jaanuar, 2014]. [27] Delfi, „Eesti e-aruandluskeskkond kuulutati maailma parimaks,“ 2011. [Võrgumaterjal]. Available: http://www
from the medieval period to the Italian Renaissance, when the confidence and unbounded enterprise of engineers was manifested in bridges like the 1345 Ponte Vecchio, an early Florentine bridge in Italy, designed by Taddeo Gaddi, that carries a street of goldsmiths' shops on three segmental arches. This was followed by the technical efficiency and artistic advancement of Renaissance ideals of civic order during the Neo-Classical period of the 17th and 18th centuries, represented by long span and multiple stone arches: eg Santa Trinità (1569) in Florence, the Rialto (1591) in Venice, and the Pont Neuf (1607) in Paris. These bridges, which are among the most famous bridges in the world today, are all on the World Heritage List, although only as components of historic town centre inscriptions. Renaissance engineers had learned much about foundations since Roman times, though
The prominent ones include the Delhi Sultanate (12061526) and the Mughal empire (15261857). These empires helped in the spread of Islam in South Asia. but by the mid18th century the British empire had ended the Mughal dynasty.[89] In the 18th century the Wahhabi movement took hold in Saudi Arabia. Founded by the preacher Ibn Abd alWahhab, Wahhabism is a fundamentalist ideology that condemns practices like Sufism and the veneration of saints as unIslamic. By the 17th and 18th centuries, despite attempts at modernization, the Ottoman empire had begun to feel threatened by European economic and military advantages. In the 19th century, the rise of nationalism resulted in Greece declaring and winning independence in 1829, with several Balkan states following suit after the Ottomans suffered defeat in the 12 | P a g e RussoTurkish War of 18771878
Evangelical = low church The Low Church movement can trace its roots back to the early 18th century but is primarily associated with the opposition to the Anglo-Catholic movement of the later 19th century. Low Church placed great emphasis on preaching, personal piety and the authority of scripture and gave much less importance to the orders of priesthood and episcopacy. Anglo-Catholic = high church High Church is the older of the two terms and was first applied in the late 17th century to those individuals who were opposed to the Puritan wing of the Church of England. It is first and foremost associated with the Anglo-Catholic movement of the later 19th century (from 1833 onwards). High Churchmen placed great emphasis on liturgy and the sacraments, especially the weekly or daily celebration of the Eucharist as well as on the three orders of ministry (deacon, priest and bishop). Archbishop In Christianity, an archbishop is a bishop of higher rank or office.
The person chosen to ‘speak’ _____ them ___ Parliament became known ___ the ‘Speaker’. b) The Tudor absolute monarchs hated governing _____ Parliament. They used it ___ making laws and ___ raising money ______ special taxation. They did not get rid ___ Parliament because they needed the support and money ____ the merchants and landowning farmers represented ___ the House ___ Commons. The idea ___ abolishing the House ___ Lords was first suggested ___ the Tudor age. ___ the 17th century the Stuarts’ attempt to ignore Parliament led ___ the Civil War and the abolition of the monarchy. When it was restored _____ Cromwell’s death, Parliament secured its supremacy _____ the monarch ___ the Bill ___ Rights. ___ the early eighteenth century the monarchy was no longer absolutely powerful as it had been a hundred years _____, when James arrived ___ London _____ the north. 5. Put the verbs in brackets in the correct tense and voice. Underline the verb
Edinburgh, but also for the administrative work for the monarchy. It is here in the state apartments that Her Majesty receives and entertains guests invited to the Palace. During the summer, the Changing of the Guard takes place at the front of the Palace. St Paul's Cathedral - St Paul's Cathedral is an Anglican cathedral on Ludgate Hill, the highest point in the City of London, and is the seat of the Bishop of London. The present building dates from the 17th century and was designed by Sir Christopher Wren. Important services held at St. Paul's include the funerals of Lord Nelson, the Duke of Wellington and Sir Winston Churchill; Jubilee celebrations for Queen Victoria; peace services marking the end of the First and Second World Wars; the launch of the Festival of Britain and the thanksgiving services for both the Golden Jubilee and 80th Birthday of Her Majesty the Queen. The Royal Family holds most of its important
when romances and chronicles describing the life and adventures of kings and knights began to appear (e.g. "The Death of Arthur"). In the 16th century English emotive prose progressed rapidly (mostly it influenced the translations from Greek, Latin, also Italian and French). But on the whole the emotive prose of the 16th century had not yet shaped itself as a separate style. The 17th century saw a considerable development in emotive prose (were introduced not only lexical but also syntactical innovations). It was puritan time, when simplicity in choice of words was predominant, another peculiarity of this period was a rather poorly developed system of connectives (e.g. "and", "so", "then"). 18th century emotive prose is characterized by the predominance of the realistic style.
committee before its commencement to work - if the subcommittee fails to reach an agreement, the decision about the boundary line will be made by chairman alone. As no agreement was reached, Tallents made his decision. Resolution by July 1920 was next: most of the town with broad-gauge railway station and with power plant stays to Estonia, Luke square and Pudrumäe suburbs with narrow-gauge railway station goes to Latvia. On the midnight of July 17th the new border became effective. Finally Estonians retained the most important part from Valga but the main loss was Luke's church and cemetery. Most of the surroundings of town were handed to the Latvians and Valga lost most of its neighboring areas, including more than half farm lands belonged to the town. As most of old Valga County stays on Latvian side, the Estonian government decided to create a new Valga 31
- Joonepsühholoogia (trait psychology) kriitika. Mischel (1968): joonte madal situatsioonidevaheline kooskõla ja ennustusvõime. Situatsionism ja interaktsionism. - Isiksusepsühholoogia ajalugu Allport (1937) eristab kuut "koolkonda" isiksusepsühholoogia eelajaloos. - Kirjanduslik karakteroloogia (Theophrastos; La Bruyère). Karakteroloogia oli 17. sajandil väga populaarne kirjanduszanr, nt on 1891 välja antud antoloogia "Character writings of the 17th century". Theophrastose "Inimtüübid" on tõlgitud eesti keelde (Ivo Volt, TÜ Kirjastus, 2000). - "Kehamahlade" psühholoogia (humoral psychology;Galenos, Hippokrates; Kant, Wundt).Klassikalised temperamenditüübid (melanhoolik, koleerik, flegmaatik, sangviinik) ning nende postuleeritud seos "kehamahladega" (must sapp, kollane sapp, lima, veri). - Füsiognoomia (Aristoteles ja tema järgijad; Lavater) iseloomu seostamine välimusega, eriti näojoontega. - Frenoloogia (F.J. Gall)
Bildung: not so much in intellectual/aesthetic/social growth: in trying to fitgh the ond of mother's love. Love of possessive woman. Over one's individual freedom. Casting away of background, birthplace, ties. 7. TS Eliot's poetry. Objective correlative. The Love Song of J Alfred Prufrock. Paralysis, anxiety, fragmentation as typical features of the modern world and human condition (The Waste Land, The Hollow Men) TS Eliot's poetry : brushed 19th c aside. Standard: 17th c metaphysical poets. Poetry: more subtle, suggestive, precise. Modernist innovation: reproducing sharp contradictions. Fast tempo of modern life. Considerable difficulty to the reader: vast number of allusions. Compressing ideas, saving space. Language of different layers of society: conversation, free verse. Foreign language: erudition, modern world: unhomogeneous, legacy of Babel Tower, impaired communication
Furthermore known as Curia Regis. · 1281 First joint meeting of Magnum Concilium and Curia Regis of King Edward I under the name concilium regis in parliamento (kings council in parliament). · 14th century. Parliament is being divided into two houses. House of Lords (`lords of spiritual and temporal,) and House of Commons (knights and burgesses). Parliament bills - first sign of Parliament's opposition to King. First signs of the `opposition'. · 17th century. British revolutions (Civil War and the Glorious Revolution). Parliament emerges as the main anti-monarchist institution. Development of Whig (anti-monarchist, liberal) and Tory (monarchist, conservative) factions. · 1830 Clear party system emerges in Parliament. · 1911 Parliament Act establishes modern British Parliament. Parlament on see , kes astub võimu lähedale siis , kui kuningas ja monarhia on nõrgenenud ja kehtestab siis oma võimu
human genome. Consensus also exists that there are two to three fold more number of proteins in human proteome as compared to the total of number of genes in the human genome. However, given this staggering number of proteins that are known to exist in human body, there are only about 500 proteins so far that are known to be the targets of all the known drugs today (Source: Science, 17th March 2000, vol. 287, pp19601964) http://www.biomed.drexel.edu/new04/Content/news_events/display_event.cfm?EVENT_ID=238 42.(137) Teatud juhtudel võib valkudes esineda fosforüleeritud seriinijääk. Kas seriinijäägi fosforüleerimine toimu enne või pärast seriini lülitamist polüpeptiidahelasse? Pärast seriini lülitamist polüpeptiidahelasse. Seriini fosforüleerimine ATP poolt kas aktiveerib või passiveerib valku, näit. glükogeeni fosforülaasi. 43
We delude ourselves about African Kingdoms which had thrived before the onslaught of first the Arabs, and later the Caucasians. We talk about the Pyramids of Egypt, the great empire of Mali and the learning capital of Timbuktu. Yes, I am constrained to agree that these were great legacies that our ancestors left us, but one cannot deny the fact that in the middle Passage of the 19th century we stopped functioning as a people with intelligence and the instinct to defend ourselves. In the 17th century, more than 36 million African men and women were taken into slavery and to the shores of America. Of that 36 million, more than 18 million died in the Trans-Atlantic crossings. Listen, don’t get me wrong. We are talking of over 36 million African men and women who were rounded up by a handful of Caucasians and our ancestors could not do much to stop the onslaught. This is just a small group of Caucasian men coming into our midst and we ran helter-skelter, without any much defence to
The making of a new nation. The Enlightenment in America. The emergence of the notion of the American Dream. The great Enlighteners: Crèvecoeur, Jefferson, Paine, Franklin. The American Enlightenment is the intellectual thriving period in the United States in the midtolate 18th century (17151789), especially as it relates to American Revolution on the one hand and the European Enlightenment on the other. Influenced by the scientific revolution of the 17th century and the humanist period during the Renaissance, the Enlightenment took scientific reasoning and applied it to human nature, society, and religion. American Enlightenment a gradual but powerful awakening that established the ideals of democracy, liberty, and religious tolerance in the people of America. If there were just one development that directly caused the American Revolution and uplifted the intellectual culture of the continent while it was only
Clearly one of this false dream is the American Dream. At first willy judges his own value as a human being. He thinks that he is a failure because he can't earn money. As a result he believes he is a double failure. We learn why his son hates him, his father had been fillin his head with false dreams of success, these dreams ruin the son and the father, if willy can't cope anymore. ,,The Crucible"- a very difficult situation. Although it is set in 17th century, new england, it has direct parallels with the 1950's USA. Miller sets his play at the end of 1690's, the setting is the Witchhunting in Salem. It was a period of fear, panic and during this period, a single individual, John Proctor decides to take responsibility for his own actions. 1950's Senator McCarthy and his Witchhunt. Social evil is caused by individuals who do not take responsibility for the world they live in. This play shows a lot of deep faith. Moral truth can
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