The 17th century In England 17th century was a time of political and religious turmoil. It is known as a struggle between Parliament and the throne. 1625 came to rule Charles I, who was proved to be politically stubborn. In 1642 civil war broke out between the Cavaliers and the Roundheads. Oliver Cromwell was a puritan who brought the Roundheads to the victory and temporarily ended the monarchy in 1649. Charles I was beheaded. Oliver Cromwell ruled England for 9 violent years. The return of the oldest son of Charles I in 1660 is called the Restoration. In 1660 the Royal Society of London was established to promote scientific research. In 1688 the Glorious Revolution was without bloodshed or violence. The 1689 Bill of Rights limited monarch's powers. Parliamtary government was established. 1665 the Great Plague, 1666 the Great Fire.
BRITISH HISTORY 17TH-19TH CENTURY SEVENTEENTH-CENTURY ☄ When James I became the first English king of the Stuart dynasty, he was already king of Scotland, so the crowns of these two countries were united. ☄ The kind of Middle English spoken in lowland Scotland had developed into a written language known as Scots ☄ The Scottish Protestant church adopted English rather than Scots bibles ☄ Religion and politics are inextricably linked ☄ Some people tried to kill the king because he wasn't Catholic enough and another king had been killed, partly because he seemed too Catholic ☄ Anger grew in the country at the way that the Stuart monarchs raised money ☄ Puritanism- ideological Protestantism ☄ Some of them thought the luxurious lifestyle of the king and his followers was immoral. They were also fiercely anti-Catholic and suspicious of the apparent sympathy t...
We are looking forward to see you in Väike-Maarja. The conference is on 17th-18th November. It takes place in Väike-Maarja Seltsimaja. The address of Seltsimaja is Pikk 1 Lääne-Virumaa. We organize transport to Väike-Maarja too. From Tallinn comes a bus with 50 seats. Futhermore on bus comes from Narva and one bus comes from Ikla. I hope that everybody can come to Tallinn, Ikla or Narva, if you can not then send me email and we organize yours arrive. In the 17th November evening we go altogether to the Rakvere Teater and watch new perfomance called „ Viimase öö õigus“. So you can hear Estonian and you will get some practice. I am looking forward to see you soon. Yours faithfully Kaspar Bork
Taj Mahal Grand Canyon Taj Mahal Tomb built in the 17th century Located in India One of the New Seven World Wonders There was a plan for another identical black tomb Construction More than 22,000 people Took 21 years to be completed Takes on different coloring during different periods of the day Full height 171 m 1000 elephants Most expensive gemstones About 735,000 euro Tourism 2-4 million tourists every year, 200,000 of them foreigners
Lord Chamberlain's Men, King's Men, The Globe Early life: John Shakespeare, Mary Arden, 2 sis', 3 bros; married Anne Hathaway 3 children Life in London: 1599 built Globe, 1623 first compilation Forms: classical & history plays, comedies+tragedies, poetry Style: metaphors, rhetorical phrases, free flow of words, unrhymed iambic pentameter; deviations Renaissance (end of 14th century) Italy, reaches rest of Europe Elizabethan era (16th II h - 17th I h) Theatre: combined medieval theatre, morality plays & Roman drama to create Elizabethan tragedy Poetry: Italian influences, sonnet (English: cddc ee) Rulers of England: Henry VII (brings prosperity, repairs economic situation; made alliances); Henry VIII (beginning of English reformation; killed "traitors"; 6 marriages); Mary I (Catholic); Elizabeth I (The Virgin Queen restores order; Religious Settlement; cautious measures in foreign affairs)
About Peter I House Museum Emperor Peter I (1672-1725) expanded the borders of the Russian Empire in the course of the Northern War and managed to annex the whole Estonian territory by the year 1710. Therefore the protection of the new border areas became the priority of the ruler and he paid a lot of attention to the reconstruction of ports in Tallinn and Paldiski and visited Tallinn several times. Together with the site of the would-be palace, a summer estate and a 17th-century cottage that had belonged to town councillor von Drenteln were purchased for the emperor's use in 1713. The small cottage was enlarged with a wing and the outcome was a building with a hall, a kitchen and four rooms. The small summer residence was in use until the emperor's death. The succeeding rulers used the Palace of Kadriorg that had been completed only after Peter's death and the small building was neglected. The building was ...
It celebrated on February 14th. It is traditionally day on which lovers express their love for each other by presenting flowers, offering confectionery, and sending greeting cards. Modern Valentine's Day symbols include the heart-shaped outline, doves, and the figure of the winged Cupid. Saint Patrick's Day is a religous holiday on the 17th of March St. Patrick's Day is celebrated by the Irish and Irish at Heart in big cities and small towns alike with parades, "wearing of the green," music and songs, Irish food and drink, and activities for kids such as crafts, coloring and games. Its a time for fun. April Fools' Day is celebrated in the Westrn world on 1st april of every year The day is marked by the commission of good humoured or funny jokes hoaxes and other practical jokes.
On James I's accession to the throne in 1603, he ordered that the park be drained and landscaped, and kept exotic animals in the park, includingcamels, crocodiles, and an elephant, as well as aviaries of exotic birds along the south. Charles II opened the park to the public, as well as using the area to entertain guests. On his desire had the park redesigned in a more formal style, probably by the French landscaper André Mollet. At the end of the 17th century and early 18th century were the cows in the park and could to buy fresh milk in "Lactarian". Location: The park is located in central London. This is 23 hectare large. St. James's Park is surrounded by Buckingham Palace to the west, The Mall and St. James's Palace to the North, Horse Guards to the east, and Birdcage Walk to the south. The park has a small lake, St. James's Park Lake, with two islands, West Island, and Duck Island, which is named for the lake's
Meessoost, naissoost, kesksoost 1st - - 2nd - - 3rd - - 4th - - 5th - 6th - - 7th - - 8th - - 9th - 10th- - - 11th - - 12th - - 13th - - 14th - - 15th - - 16th - - 17th - - 18th - - 19th - - 20th - - 30th - 1. [ponedelnik] Meess. (esmaspäev) 2. [vtornik] Meess. (teisipäev) 3. [sreda] Naiss. (kolmapäev) 4. [chetverg] Meess. (neljapäev) 5. [pyatnitca] Naiss. (reede) 6. [subbota] Naiss. (laupäev) 7. [voskresenje] Kesks. (pühapäev) OLI Meessoost - Naissoost - Kesksoost - täna - eile - üleeile - homme - ülehomme - 1. 2. 3. a 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. a 9. 10. 11. 12.
fulfil: air assault, armoured infantry, mechanised infantry, and light role infantry Royal Air force • Frontline aircraft are controlled by Air Command, which is organised into three groups defined by function: 1. 1 Group (Air Combat) 2. 2 Group (Air Support) 3. 22 Group (training aircraft and ground facilities) Science and technology • England and Scotland were leading centres of the Scientific Revolution from the 17th century • Major theorists from the 17th and 18th centuries include Isaac Newton, from the 19th century Charles Darwin, James Clerk Maxwell. And more recently Stephen Hawking • Major scientific discoveriesinclude 1. Hydrogen by Henry Cavendish 2. Penicillin by Alexander Fleming 3. The structure of DNA by Francis Crick 4. And others Music • Notable composers of classical music from the United Kingdom are William
The Globe Johann Ortin Õun 8B 2014 The History of the Globe Built in 1599 Burned in 1613 Rebuilt in 1614 Banks of Thames Everyone used to go (17th) Poor near (no covering) Wealthier shelter / balconies Daytime no artificial lighting No curtains + Women Their parts/played by boys Inside The New Globe Theatre Closed in 1642 (why?) 1987 Work began 180 m / real materials & methods 1997 opened Still daytime Shakespeare & other playwrights of his time Used materials http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xgnInT4x8kA http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Globe_Theatre http://www.shakespearesglobe.com/ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shakespeare's_Globe
one of his articles,in 1784,but enlightenment as a way of thinking was established even earlier.The Enlightenment was a period after the Renaissance where philosophers and scientists began to question previous ideas, which explains the motto of the enlightenment, "Dare to know", created by Kant.With this kind of terminology,enlighteners wanted to express human race exit from the mental blindness.Maiden enlightenment philosophers lived on the 17th century,its glory continued till the 19th century.The powerful Enlightenment ideas of the eighteenth century, concerning reason and natural law, spread widely throughout Europe and its colonies and gave hope to many people for future progress and reform. Sience development was the main reasons and it gave the push to enlightenment.It put hesitate in old belives and brought up intelligence.Mind and critical thinking importance pointed out french philosopher René Descarte
This floor had a narrow light and airshaft and no embrasures. The ammunition was hoisted up through the openings in the domed vaults by the help of a winch. On the upper, defence floors the guns were rigged in embrasures that were provided with niches for the logs that served to stop the backlash. The floors of the embrasures were initially stepped to enable the men handle the guns better. The fireplaces on every floor were needed to get fire for the firearms. Reconstructions in the 16th and 17th century changed the original looks of the tower considerably. When the Ingermanland bastion was heaped up, two lower storeys of the tower became underground ones inside the bastion earth mound. The entrance from the bastion was made into the second floor. The four upper floors were reconstructed to suit the guns on wheel carriages. Most of the steps in the embrasure floors were levelled and the embrasure mouths were funnelled. Above the embrasure chambers vents for
1st– перв -ый –ая -ое 2nd – втор -ой –ая -ое 3rd – трет -ий –ья -ье 4th – четвёрт -ый –ая -ое 5th – пят -ый –ая –ое 6th – шест -ый –ая -ое 7th – седьм -ой –ая -ое 8th – восьм -ой –ая -ое 9th – девят -ый –ая –ое 10th- десят -ый –ая -ое 11th – одиннадцат -ый –ая -ое 12th – двенадцат -ый –ая -ое 13th – тринадцат -ый –ая -ое 14th – четырнадцат -ый –ая -ое 15th – пятнадцат -ый –ая -ое 16th – шестнадцат -ый –ая -ое 17th – семнадцат -ый –ая -ое 18th – восемнадцат -ый –ая -ое 19th – девятнадцат -ый –ая -ое 20th – двадцат -ый –ая -ое 30th – тридцат -ый –ая –ое
Jim Carrey Kaia Teder K112 James Eugene "Jim" Carrey Born in January 17th , 1962 (age 50 ) Canadian and American actor , comedian and producer . Winned two Golden Globe awards . Described as one of the biggest movie stars in Hollywood. Born in Newmarket , Ontario , Canada . He was raised Roman Catholic. Married twice . Daughter Jane Erin Carrey ( september 6, 1987 ) . Pictures Click to edit Master text styles Second level Third level
Dear Sir/Madam I am writing in response to your advertisement of the Bennington Rock Festival. Firstly I would like further information about what bands or musicians are performing at the festival. Secondly your advertisement mentions that the package includes transport. I would like to know the schedule back to the airport when the festival is over, because the last flight back on the 17th will be at 9:15 pm. I also have some queries regrading if we could book a room for three in advance if possible.Could you also indicate whether the meals will be included in the two nights? Thank you in advance for your assistance.I’m looking forward to receiving your reply Yours faithfully Mary Muri
Germany, Switzerland, Italy, Monaco, Andorra, and Spain. France's overseas departments and collectivities also share land borders with Brazil and Suriname and the Netherlands Antilles. France is the largest country in the European Union by area and the second largest in Europe behind Ukraine. France has been a major power for many centuries with strong economic, cultural, military and political influence. During the 17th and 18th centuries, France colonized much of North America; during the 19th and early 20th centuries, It is the most visited country in the world, by about 82 million tourist. French capital is Paris. President is Nicolas Sarkozy .France is ranked as the first tourist destination in the world, ahead of Spain and the United States. France is the 19th most populous country in the world. France's largest cities are Paris, Marseille, Lyon, Lille, Toulouse, Nice, and Nantes.
future vision Aino Kallas Lived 1878-1902 Aino Kallas Lived 1878-1902 Finnish-Estonian Aino Kallas Lived 1878-1902 Finnish-Estonian Published her diaries Aino Kallas Lived 1878-1902 Finnish-Estonian Published her diaries Wrote about Hiiumaa Aino Kallas Lived 1878-1902 Finnish-Estonian Published her diaries Wrote about Hiiumaa Hundimõrsija (The Wolf's bride) (werewolf story, 17th century Hiiumaa, rich with archaic, Romantic, colorful prose) Aino Kallas Lived 1878-1902 Finnish-Estonian Published her diaries Wrote about Hiiumaa Hundimõrsija (The Wolf's bride) (werewolf story, 17th century Hiiumaam rich with archaic, Romantic, colorful prose) Estonian red cross merit medal Marie Under Lived 1883 1980 Marie Under Lived 1883 1980 Wrote poetry in German Marie Under
Greenwich is a district of south-east London, England, located in the Royal Borough of Greenwich and situated 5.5 miles (8.9 km) east south-east of Charing Cross. Greenwich is notable for its maritime history and for giving its name to the Greenwich Meridian (0° longitude) and Greenwich Mean Time. The town became the site of a royal palace, the Palace of Placentia from the 15th century, and was the birthplace of many in the House of Tudor. The town became a popular resort in the 17th century and many grand houses were built there. The maritime connections of Greenwich were celebrated in the 20th century. Greenwich area is the most famous thing about London. Greenwich is the Old Royal Observatory from where time all over the world is measured. The Greenwich Time Ball is the bright red Time Ball on top of Flamsteed House. That is one of the world's earliest public time signals, distributing time to ships on the Thames and many Londoners
Henrietta Maria Love and Beauty and Charles – Heroic Virtue, together a great force. Masques centre of court life. Stuart divinity + now queen as a Platonic love goddess. Maria – from French court amnners and highly artificial language of adoration – fashion. Idealised love wiped away all stains. Through their harmony, Charles could make his heavenly ascent and bring great benefits to their obedient subjects. Very costy. Closed court, believed in masques. 3. 17th century „metaphysical” poetry (Donne, Quarles, Herbert, Crashaw, Vaughan, Marvell) Religious poetry, books of emblems (allegorical pictures, verses explaining their moral), unconventional or „unpotic” figures like compass or mosquito to reach surprise effects, paradox and oxymoron. About the profound areas of experience: love (romantic and sexual), man’s relationship with God. Brief but intense meditations, striking use of wit, irony and wordplay.
the middle part of the floor was uncovered to get the mortars and catapults in place better. Compared to the other Tallinn towers Kiek in de Kök was predominant in its fire power, due to its 27 embrasures for cannons and 30 for handguns. The ground floor was a storage floor and there was also the initial entrance. This floor had a narrow light and airshaft and no embrasures. Throughout its working life, the tower was extensively remodelled. Work in the 16th and 17th centuries saw the two lowest floors become hidden by earth works and the upper floors receive new gun openings and the uppermost floor a new outer wall and ceiling.
Tartu Hanseatic Days Tartu Hanseatic Days are celebrated every year from 17th to 19th July. For three days the Old Town of Tartu is filled with Hanseatic merchants and different workshops. People dress up in different medieval clothes and have a great time. The Hanseatic days are held so people could test their skills, learn more about their history and just have fun. Before the festival can start people set up tents and workshops in the Old Town. Some stalls are set up on the streets while others are located in the courtyards of historical buildings
TOPIC 4 Thanksgiving In the United States, the fourth Thursday in November is called Thanksgiving Day. It is usually a family day celebrated with big dinners. On this day, Americans give thanks for the blessings they have enjoyed during the year The first Thanksgiving was held in Plymouth in the 17th century. The people of Plymouth had come to America from England. In their native land they had been called Puritans, but they called themselves Pilgrims. When the Pilgrims landed in America they were poorly trained to cope with life in the wilderness. One spring morning an Indian came into the little village of Plymouth . Later, he brought The Indian chief, who gave gifts and offered assistance. The Indians taught the Pilgrims how to hunt, fish and grow food
Australia Australia is sometimes called the land " ..............." because it appears at the bottom of world maps. Aborigines had live in ................. for about 40, 000 years when Dutch ......... explorers reached it in the 17th century. The Dutch was ................ by Captain James Cook, exploring the .............. and southern coastlines in the ............ century. Today the population of ................. is more than 21 million. Australian .............. has it own accent and vocabulary, and it is the ............ language of the population. Sydney, with a ................. of 4 million, and ................... , with 3 million people, are the largest ............. in Australia. The beautiful building of the .
Movie review ,,Transporter 3" Sunday, 17th October, I saw an action movie named ,,Transporter 3", starring with Jason Statham (Frank Martin).The director of the film is Olivier Megaton and the producers were Luc Besson and Steve Chasman.It is the third movie in the Transporter film seires. Frank Martin has been pressured into transporting a package, together with Valentina, the kidnapped daughter of Leonid Vasilev.Later it turns out that she is the package.They both
★ Continent - Asia ★ Region - Southeast Asia. ★ Located on the Sunda shelf ★ 2 distinct parts to this country: Peninsular Malaysia and East Malaysia ★ Total land area is about 329 847 km2 , ranked 67th ★ Capital is Kuala Lumpur Geography ★ Tropical climate, hot and humid throughout the year ★ Highest mountain range is the Crocker Range. ★ Tallest mountain is Mount Kinabalu, Kinabalu National Park, UNESCO British related history ★ English traders in Malay waters since 17th century ★ European power dominant with the arrival of the british ★ The britains interests in Malaysia were predominantly economic, not because of the territorial control. Just another base of trade People ★ Population 28 million people ★ 41st most populated country in the world ★ Malays - the largest community in Malaysia. They make up about half of the population. ★ Other Bumiputras ★ Chinese ★ Indian Languages ★ Speakers of 137 living languages.
kristen Atlanta Atlanta Country: United States of America. State: Georgio. Atlantas lives 5,522,942 people (2013). Westin Peachtree Plaza Hotel The Westin Peachtree Plaza, Atlanta is a skyscraper hotel on Peachtree Street in downtown Atlanta. At 261,1m high. the tower is the second-tallest all-hotel skyscraper in the Western Hemisphere, and the 17th tallest all-hotel building in the world. Georgia Aquarium The Georgia Aquarium is a public aquarium in Atlanta. It houses more than 100,000 animals, representing 500 species, and was the world's largest aquarium when it opened in 2005 The Coca-Cola Company The Coca-Cola Company is an American multinational beverage corporation, which is headquartered in Atlanta. Six Flags Over Georgia Six Flags Over Georgia (1967) is a theme park
Alaska General information Area 1,717,854 km² (1st) Capital Juneau Population - 731,449 (47th) Native people Numerous tribes The Inuit people (eskimos) The Aleut people The Alutiiq people Colonisation Russians - 17th century Name origin Alaska (Russian) Alakshak (Aleutan) Peninsula Nicknames The Last Frontier Land of the Midnight Sun State of Alaska 1959 Symbols Flag - Seal - Symbols 2 Bird - Willow Ptarmigan Dog - Alaskan Malamute Sport Dog Mushing Head of state Governor Sean Parnell (2009..) Republican Geography Coastline 800km
Freemasonry Ann Tuulikki Jürgenstein 11e HTG History HONESTY, JUSTICE, FELLOWSHIP · Established in the late 16th to early 17th century 24.June 1717 The first Grand Lodge Grand Lodge of England · Stonemasons Today · 5-6 million members United states, Scotland, Ireland United Grand Lodge of England Symbols · Masons lead their meetings using a ritualised format · Teach moral and lessons of the principles · Use signs handshakes, special words, clothes Becoming a member · 21 years old man. Have the support of three members. Interview
Because during her reign, England became officially a Roman Catholic country, Parliament persecuted a lot of protestants and over 300 people who were burned at the stake. 5. Historians often speak about different ages or times in British history. When (in which centuries) were the following ages: Elizabethian, Georgian, Victorian. Characterise each of them (2 3 sentences). Elizabethian time started in the middle of 16th century and ended in the beginning of 17th century. During Elizabeth I reign, England became independent of the Pope in religious matters, England's overseas expansion began. It was a prosperous period. Georgian time was from the beginning of 18th century to 19th century. It was a time of immense social change. Many reforms were done. Victorian age was from 1837-1901. It was a time of prosperity. Industry grew and British Empire evolved. 6. What was the idea of Anglicanism? Calvinism?
Caribbeans and Africans Black Caribbeans are second largest ethnic minority. They come from islands. Caribbeans first arrived in large numbers after the Second World War. Racism and riots In 1958 there were riots against Caribbeans in Notting Hill. In the 1970s skinheads attacked Bangladeshis in Brick Lane. Many black people rioted against in the 1980s. Religious refugees East End was a refuge for two groups. Huguenots from France arrived in the 17th century. In the late 19th century Jews fleeing pogroms in Russia and Central Europe came to London. Many Jews live in North London. Ultra-orthodox group. A young population 1980s- London`s population has been rising since. Asylum-seekers from abroad have contributed to this increase. Young people attracted by jobs or universities. London`s population is younger than the UK`s as a whole. Thank you for looking
Summary: While watching her grandmother go to the gallows to hang for witchcraft in 1659 England, Mary Newbery is abducted by a wealthy woman before the suspicious mob turns their lynching attentions to her. The book is written as a series of diary entries that chronicle her many adventures as a 17th century orphan with genuine knowledge of witchcraft. Mary is packed off to join Puritans headed to the New World. While they search for religious freedom, Mary searches for a fresh start and a chance to live a life untainted by the suspicion of witchcraft. She is informally adopted by good friends who accept her strong-willed nature and and knowledge of herbs, medicines, and midwifery. To escape the oppressive atmosphere
states of the United States, placed in the Region pf the Great Lakes Area 116 096 km2 45 339 km² Population Ohio Estonia • 11 613 423 • 1 315 944 • 8x Flag • stripes: symbolize roads and waterways of Ohio • triangle: represents the hills and valleys of Ohio • stars: The 13 stars grouped about the circle represent the original states of the union; the 4 stars added to the peak of the triangle symbolize that Ohio was the 17th state admitted to the The Capital - Columbus • Columbus is the capital, the largest, and the most populous city of the U.S. • It’s located near the geographic center of the state, although parts of the city also extend into Delaware and Fairfield counties Famous people born in Ohio • Neil Alden Armstrong was born on August 5, 1930 in Wapakoneta, Ohio. • He was an astronaut of the FISHNET and he was the first human being stepping on the Moon in
host the 30th International Hanseatic Days medieval festival in 2010. During the sunny summer period, the beautiful, sandy beaches invite people to come to Pärnu. Amazing nature, as attractive as the beach, can also be found throughout Pärnu County, which boasts a 242 km coastline. Tallinn Gate The so called Tallinn Gate used to mark the beginning of the postal road from Pärnu to Tallinn and was built during the Swedish period in the 17th century. The medieval fortification system of Pärnu was almost fully destroyed in the preceding Livonian War. Ammende Villa Villa Ammende is one of the best examples of early art nouveau style in Estonia. The grand villa with a large garden was built in 1905 and belonged to the Ammende merchant family. Ammende Villa The house has been also used as a summer casino and a club. The villa has now been
As many Irish immigrants were uneducated, the man worked at building bridges, canals and women became maids, cooks. Poor living conditions, lack of food and medical care led to illnesses and an early death. The population of the USA is more than 300 million. The biggest national groups today are of German ,Irish and English descent. About 30 millions African Americans live in the USA.They are the descendants of Africans brought to America as slaves in the 17th century. For them the USA is a kind of melting pot , where they have become Americans. Others have kept their traditions and culture , so for them their new homeland is like a salad bowl. But perhaps it is better to say that the population of the United States is like a pizza , where we can see different bits and pieces , but together they make something much bigger.
St Paul's Cathedral Kelly Kala 9b St Paul's Cathedral · St Paul's Cathedral is the Anglican cathedral on Ludgate Hill in the City of London and the seat on the Bishop of London. The present building dates from the 17th century and is generally reckoned to be London's fifth St Paul's Cathedral. The cathedral sits on the highest point of the City of London. The cathedral is one of London's most visited sights. St Paul's Cathedral Today · St Paul's Cathedral today is a busy working church. Daily services are held every day to which all are welcome to attend. Whilst the Cathedral charges for those who wish to sightsee,it does not charge for people who want to worship
by filter feeding through baleen. Adult blue whales have no predators except man. Their food ranges from microscopic plankton to very large animals. Some whale species like Orchas ( who are called ,, killer whales") may eat their friends, family- other whales. Some species of large whales are listed as endangered, because of the hunters. They have been hunted commercially for whale oil, meat and baleen since the 17th century. Current whaling nations are Norway, Iceland and Japan and the aboriginal communities of Siberia, Alaska and northern Canada. In the 1900's , over 2 million whales were slaughtered. Many environmental organisations are working hard now to preserve and propagate the valuable whales we have remaining in waters all over the world.
Estonian National Spring Holidays Sanna Kartau, Mari-Ann Lumeste, 2011 What holidays do we have in Spring? March · 8th - Women's Day (Naistepäev) · 12th - St Gregorius's Day (Korjusepäev) · 14th - Estonia's Mother Tongue Day · 17th - St Gertrude's Day (Käädripäev) · 25th - St Mary's Day (Ussimaarjapäev) April 1st - April Fools Day 1st - Karjalaskepäev (the day cattle was first sent to the pastures after winter) 14th - Plowing Day (Künnipäev) 23rd - St George's Day (Jüripäev) Moving Easter (Lihavõtted) May · 1st - Walpurgis Day and Night (Volbripäev) · 9th - St Nicholas's Day (Nigulapäev) · The second Sunday of May - Mother's Day (Emadepäev) We'll pick.
stepson Edward the Confessor, who refounded Westminster Abbey and the adjacent Palace of Westminster. By this time, London had become the largest and most prosperous city in England, although the official seat of government was still at Winchester. In the 16th century William Shakespeare and his contemporaries lived in London at a time of hostility to the development of the theatre. London was plagued by disease in the early 17th century, culminating in the Great Plague of 16651666, which killed up to 100,000 people or a fifth of the population. The Great Fire of London broke out in City and quickly swept through the wooden buildings. London was the world's largest city from about 1831 to 1925. Immediately after the World War II , the 1948 Summer Olympics were held at the original Wembley Stadium, at a time when the city had barely recovered from the war.
The bridge was completed · 1869 - The first national song the Russian Tsar Aleksander I. and opened for traffic in 1784. festival was held in Tartu The academy in Tartu functioned with It was the first Stone Bridge built in the philosophy, law, theology and medical Baltic. faculties. In the 17th century the future outstanding Swedish scientists Urban The Stone Bridge became one of the Hiärne, Olof Verelius, Arvid Moller and symbols of Tartu. others studied at the university. In 1941 the Soviet forces blew up the
century, had much impact on the area's inhabitants, many of whom actively traded with the Portuguese, Dutch, British, and other Europeans. Forts and castles, many of which still dot the Ghanaian coast today, were constructed by Europeans to protect their trade interests. Although trading was originally centred on the gold that was readily available in the area (and from which the future British colony the Gold Coast would take its name), the focus shifted to the lucrative slave trade in the 17th century. The area later became known for growing cacao, the source of cocoa beans. Introduced there in the late 19th century, cacao continues to provide an important export for Ghana. Ghana's climate, like that of the rest of the Guinea Coast, is determined largely by the interplay of two air masses: a hot, dry continental air mass that forms over the Sahara and a warm, humid maritime tropical air mass that forms over the South Atlantic. Both air
The church suffered in the fire of 1684 and was largely reconstructed. A baroque tower was added in the 18th century and the dated weather-vane (1779) crowning the spire is the only original one on Toompea today. The church has a valuable collection of Baltic German noblemen's coats of arms, since it was the Baltic nobility's parish church. Many of them were carved from wood by the famous Tallinn wood carver Christian Ackermann in the 17th century. Among other functions, the church served as a burial ground for the rich and the noble. The church also features grave slabs, an oaken Baroque altar by Christian Ackermann and a number of monuments to famous people (e.g. Pontus de la Gardie, Karl Horn and Otto Uexküll, all Swedish military leaders; Admiral Samuel Greigh, a hero of Russo-Turkish sea battles; and Admiral Adam Johann Krusenstern, a Baltic German who was the first Russian citizen to sail round the world.
o Wars of the Roses o Social reforms, political reforms(Parliament split into two houses: the House of Lords and the House of Commons.) o Henry VIII established the Church of England. o Spanish Armada was defeated by Sir Francis Drake. o Sir Walter Raleigh- exploration, the beginning of the British Empire o The Renaissance culture began, for example Shakespeare, who created the Globe Theatre. A wealthy and prosperous period in history. Analysis of 17th century The 17th century was not a stable century for the country and it's people. A. In politics it was unstable because : o the link between religion and politics became intense-protestantism, especially Puritanism, had grown in englang and puritans regarded the luxorious lifestyle of the king as immoral o people were angry at the way Stuart monarchs raised money without getting the agreement of the house of commons
year. The date was chosen as the day of the death of Saint David in 589 and since then every year parades are held in Wales. The daffodil is the national flower of Wales. In Wales it is tradition to wear a daffodil on Saint David's day. The leek is one of the national symbols of Wales and is also worn on Saint David's day. According to one legend the soldiers of Wales had to wear it on their helmets to recognize themselves in battles. The tradition of carving lovespoons goes back to the 17th century as it was popular pastime for sailors at the sea. Nowadays lovespoons have become extremely popular as souvenirs and gift, because they are unique to Wales. The triple harp is the national instrument of Wales. It has been used for ages as an accompaniment to folk-singing and dancing and as a solo instrument. It is called triple harp because it has three rows of strings. By the end of the 18th century the triple harp was widely known as the welsh harp because of its popularity in Wales.
Speculation about Shakespeare Authorship Main article: Shakespeare authorship question Around 150 years after Shakespeare's death, doubts began to be expressed about the authorship of the works attributed to him.[172] Proposed alternative candidates include Francis Bacon, Christopher Marlowe, and Edward de Vere, 17th Earl of Oxford.[173] Several "group theories" have also been proposed.[174] Only a small minority of academics believe there is reason to question the traditional attribution,[175] but interest in the subject, particularly the Oxfordian theory of Shakespeare authorship, continues into the 21st century. [176] Religion Main article: Shakespeare's religion Some scholars claim that members of Shakespeare's family were Catholics, at a time when Catholic practice was against the law
Cinema in Estonia The story of moving pictures 1896 First cinema 1906 Estonian's first film-maker Johannes Pääsuke Johannes Pääsuke - Born 30 March 1892 - Estonian photographer and filmmaker - Founded his studio Estonia-Film - 40 films in his career - ,,Karujaht Pärnumaal" (1914) - Died in a train accident in 1918 Estonian films Films which have enjoyed popularity during The post-war period. - ,,Elu tsitadellis" (Life in the Citadel) was released in 1947 - ,,Hullumeelsus" (Lunacy) - ,,Nipernaadi" (Happy-Go-Lucky) by Kaljo Kiisk - ,,Naerata ometi" (Do Smile, Please) by Leida Laius and Arvo Iho Estonian films ,,Viimne reliikvia" (The Last Relic) by Grigori Kromanov - The film was released in 1969. - The best-known Estonian film. - Has screened in over 60 countries. - Sold 45 million tickets (772k) Estonian documentaries Have ...
banks and as a result a steep-sided valley about 300 m long and 12-14 m deep has been created. The oldest written information about a water mill (the beginning of the 13th century) derives from this place. The best impression of the mightiness of the waterfall can be obtained in the period of high waters in spring and autumn. · Narva Stronghold is the oldest and biggest stronghold in Estonia (built in 13- 17th century) creating with the Ivangorod Stronghold on the opposite shore of the River Narva a unique architectural ensemble in Northern Europe. Three wings of the stronghold and the Tower of Tall Hermann are open to visitors. The historical interiors in the West and North wings have been restored. In the five halls of the stronghold the history of the town of Narva of the period from the 18th century until the beginning of the 20th century is on display: products of
The Haapsalu Castle is one of the most remarkable examples of Estonian MiddleAge fortress architecture. The stronghold construction, widening and reconstruction went on throughout several centuries, with architecture changing according to the development of weapons. The fortress achieved its final dimensions area of more than 3 hectares, thickness of the wall between 1.2 and 1.8 meters, and maximum height over 10 metres under the reign of Bishop Johannes IV(fourth). In the 17th century, the castle was no longer used as a defensive building by the Swedes who now ruled the Swedish Estonian Province. In the course of the Great Northern War in 1710 (seventeen ten), Estonia fell under Russian rule and the walls were partially demolished at the command of the Peter I of Russia, turning the castle in effect into ruins. It was at this time that the fortress that once displayed seven towered circular wall
HAAPSALU Seaside resort town located on the west coast of Estonia Administrative centre of Lääne County Population - 11,618 Tallinn 100 km away White Lady Western Region Administrative Centre Area - 10,59 km2 HISTORY The German Knights of the Sword conquered this region in 1224, and Haapsalu became the bishop's residence, with a fortress and cathedral built soon afterwards. The Danes took control during the Livonian War then the Swedish had their turn in the 17th century, but they lost it to the Russians during SYMBOLS Flag-blue and white, the flag is confirmed on 27 September 1994 Coat of arms- of the 27th confirmed September 1994 NATURE A few rivers and lakes A lot of deciduous trees and coniferous trees Lakes- Vaikeviik lake Rivers- Asuküla Main Ditch Haapsalu Bay FAMOUS PEOPLE Kaia Kanepi - tennis player Eda-Ines Etti - singer Eia Uus - writer Ly Seppel - poet and translator ATTRACTIONS City hall Independence monument
specifically to that of the Church the demise of its authority was already well under way even before the Lutheran Reformation had begun. The authority I am speaking of is intellectual in nature and consisted of the triad of Aristotle(384322) and Ptolemy (c.90168). The revolutionaries of the new science had to escape their intellectual heritage [ pärandus ]. With this in mind, the revolution in science which emerged [ kerkis esile ] in the 16th and 17th centuries has appeared as a watershed in world history. The long term effects of both the Scientific Revolution and the modern acceptance and dependence upon science can be felt today in our daily lives. And not with standing some major calamity science and the scientific spirit will be around for centuries to come. There are numerous questions we could ask ourselves about the Scientific Revolution: why it occurred? what forces produced it? why was it so revolutionary
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