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Chinese americans

Chinese Americans ( traditional Chinese or simplified Chinese) are Americans of Chinese descent. Chinese people came to the United States from Singapore, Vietnam , Malaysia,  Indonesia , Burma, the Philippines , and  Taiwan .[6]
The first Chinese immigrants arrived in 1820 according to U.S. government records. 325 men are known to have arrived before the 1848California Gold Rush [7] which drew the first significant number of laborers from China who mined for gold and performed menial labor .[8][9][10]
There were 25,000 immigrants by 1852, and 105,465 by 1880, most of whom lived on the  West Coast. They formed over a tenth of California 's population. Nearly all the early immigrants were young males with low educational levels from six districts in the  Guangdong province.[11]
But Chinese people were banned from immigrating between 1885 and 1943. Cantonese, historically the language of most Chinese immigrants, is the third most widely spoken non- English language in the United States.[13]
Chinese immigration to the United States has come in great numbers . Similar to other  American immigration experiences, Chinese immigration has resulted in both hardship and success .
Legally all Chinese born in the United States are American citizens as a result of the Fourteenth Amendment and the 1898   Wong Kim Ark Supreme Court decision . However, the People's Republic of China does not recognize dual citizenship and considers the naturalization of a person as an American citizen to imply a renunciation of PRC citizenship. On the other hand, the Republic of China does not view naturalization in other countries as an Chinese nationality.According to the 2006 American Community Survey , 2,580,117, or 74%, of those who identified themselves as Chinese Americans on the survey are citizens.[15]
Secretary of Energy Steven Chu is among the several Chinese Americans to have won the  Nobel Prize. The others areTsung-dao Lee,  Samuel C. C. Ting,  Daniel Chee Tsui, Chen Ning Yang,  Roger Y. Tsienand Charles K. Kao.
Building Western half of the Transcontinental railroad
Building levees in the Sacramento River Delta
Chinese American food
Technological innovation and entrepreneurship
Introducing Chinese and  East Asian  culture to America, such as Buddhism, Taoism, and  Kung fu
2001 survey of Americans' attitudes toward Asian Americans and Chinese Americans indicated that one fourth of the respondents had somewhat or very negative attitude toward Chinese Americans in general.[17] The study did find several positive perceptions of Chinese Americans: strong family values (91%); honesty as business people (77%); high value on education (67%).[16]
Chinese immigrants to the United States brought many of their ideas, ideals and values with them . Some of these have continued to influence later generations The first Broadway show about Asian Americans was  Flower Drum Song .[20]The Chinese American community is the largest ethnic group of Asian Americans, consisting of 22.4% of the Asian American population. They constitute 1.2% of the United States as a whole . In 2006, the Chinese American population numbered approximately 3.6 million.[2]
[edit]Locations
USA is including at least 7 Chinatowns. Continuing massive immigration from Mainland China, both legal and illegal in origin, has spurred the on going rise of the Chinese American population in the New York metropolitan area; this immigration continues to be fueled by New York's status as an alpha global city, its high population density , its extensive mass transit system, and the New York metropolitan area's enormous economic marketplace.
Chinese, mostly of the Cantonese variety, is the third most-spoken language in the United States, almost completely spoken within Chinese American populations. Over 2 million Americans speak  some variety of Chinese, with Standard Chinese becoming increasingly more common due to immigration from mainland China and Taiwan.[13]
Although Chinese Americans grow up learning English, some teach their children Chinese for a variety of reasons: preservation of an ancient civilization, preservation of a unique identity, pride in their cultural ancestry, desire for easy communication with them and other relatives.
Chinese Americans have made many large strides in American society. Today, Chinese Americans engage in every facet of American life including the military , elected offices, media, academia, and sports . Perhaps the most common landmark of the Chinese impact in America is the prolific number of Chinese restaurants that have cropped up in every corner of the U.S.
Although many Chinese Americans in Chinatowns of large cities are often members of an impoverished working class , others are well-educated upper -class people living in affluent suburbs. The upper and lower -class Chinese are also widely separated by social status and class discrimination. In California's San Gabriel Valley, for example, the cities of Monterey Park and San Marino  are both Chinese American communities.Over the years , many Chinese Americans have blended the American lifestyle with a more natively Chinese one. In most American cities with Chinese populations, the new year is celebrated with cultural festivals and parties . At other times of the year, Chinese cultural festivals provide a gathering point for the Chinese community and help to educate others. In Seattle, the Chinese Culture and Arts Festival  is held every year.
Other important festivals include the  Dragon Boat Festival and the Mid- Autumn Festival.
Elaine Chao was the first Chinese American member of a President 's Cabinet, having served from 2001–2009 asSecretary of Labor under President George W. Bush .
Gary Locke  is the only Chinese American to have served as a state governor (for Washington). He is also the first Chinese American Commerce Secretary, serving in Barack Obama's administration.