On November 9th, 1620 , the ‘ Mayflower ’ sighted what is now Cape Cod. Despite
seeing land , the crew of the ‘Mayflower’ searched for another month to find somewhere to land . Where they eventually landed was
called New Plymouth. On December 25th, after finding a place where
the ‘Mayflower’ could be safely anchored, the Pilgrim Fathers began to build the first house for common use. By February 1621, 50%
of the Pilgrim Fathers had died as a result of the cold weather and
the inadequate housing that they had built for themselves.
A Native American
called Squanto helped those Pilgrim Fathers who survived the harsh winter . He showed them how to sow maize and how to cultivate the
crop. Seeds brought from England were of little use in their new
environment. By the summer of 1621, the Pilgrim Fathers had built houses for themselves and had gathered up a small harvest. They were
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One colonist even took to cannibalism, eating his own wife. The fate of the venture was precarious. Yet still more colonists arrived, and their numbers included women. Despite the introduction of tobacco cultivation, the colony was a failure as a financial venture. The king declared the Virginia Company bankrupt in 1624. Twenty slaves in Virginia Africans brought to Jamestown are the first slaves imported into Britain’s North American colonies Mayflower and Pilgrim Fathers Over a hundred travelers embarked on the voyage of the Mayflower in September 1620. Less than one third were Separatists. The rest were immigrants, adventurers, and speculators. Their voyage took about two months, and the passengers enjoyed a happier experience than most trans- Atlantic trips. Lost at sea, they happened upon a piece of land that would become known as Cape Cod. After surveying the land, they set up camp not too far from Plymouth Rock. They feared venturing further south because
The United States of America. History. For thousands of years America was unknown to Europe. There lived only the native people, who had come from Siberia many thousand years ago by a land bridge. They had spread over the country, varying enormously from nomadic food gatherers to fishing societies. Then the Vikings visited Canada around AD 1000, but they did not stay. In 1492 Christopher Columbus discovered America while trying to reach India. He named the native people Indians, because he though he had reached India. He didn't stay either and in the sixteenth century the first Europeans to settle in America were the Spanish, the English and the French. The first village founded by the English settlers was in Virginia in 1607. It was called Jamestown. They didn't have good relations with the Indians and many of them died. But Pocahontas, the daughter of an Indian chief, became their friend and helped them. They started growing tobacco in Virginia, using A
1) INDIAN ROCK ART: A NATIONAL TREASURE IN DANGER Unrecognized, unprotected, this priceless legacy of primitive art has endured the ravages of nature only to fall victim to wanton destruction by ,,civilized" man. Like the huge stone statues of Easter Island and prehistoric cave paintings of Altamira and Lascaux, North American Indian rock art is surrounded by an atmosphere of mystery. Although examples of rock art exist at some 15000 sites in canyons, deserts, caves and river gorges. Nowadays, however, primitive rock art in the United States has become a new field of scientific study. Klaus F Wellmann wrote two books about rock art. He is a professor of medicine. Rock art represents the history of aboriginal Americans. In the most cases the art is an expression of ideas and way of life, ritual ceremonies, hunting, fighting. The pictures of people and animals are often strikingly lifelike and artistic. Many of these ancient relics have been destroyed by the ravages of nature and of man
II First Settlements · Jamestown Colony (living conditions, population, plantations, import of slaves) First permanent English colony in North-America 214 settlers Searching for gold (none found) Strategically good location, James River Quite poor conditions. Starvation, diseases, lack of water, attacks of natives , fierce weather Tobacco plantations African slaves, working in tobacco harvest 1620 by Dutch boat. Also Englishmen (convicts and poor people) Mayflower and Pilgrim Fathers Mayflower- cargo ship In 1620 one hundred Puritans boarded the Mayflower From Plymouth, England, to today's Plymouth, Massachusetts, United States Claim they are the forefathers of USA aristocracy- FALSE They saw little chance of England becoming a proper country Wished to live free of English laws and oppressing church religious freedom In may (had time before winter!!!) · Mayflower Compact First governing document of Plymouth Colony Agreement composed by a consensus among new Settlers
the didn't have enough to eat. But the daughter of an Indian chief, Pocahontas, helped them. The farmers discovered that it was easy to grow tobacco in Virginia, so they bought black people as slaves to work on the fields. They found a big market for their tobacco in Europe. In 1620 another group of English people landed in America. They called tehir landing place Plymouth, similary with the place they started their journey in Britain. These people are known as Pilgrim Fathers. The didn't want to live in England because they didn't agree with the church. The pilgrims had rough times also, but friendly Indians helped them. In 1621 the Pilgrims had a huge dinner to give thanks for the first food that they had grown themselves. That day became known as the Thanksgiving, and is celebrated every year in America. INDEPENDENCE WAR By the end of the 18th century, the whole of the Eastern coast of North
TOPIC 4 Thanksgiving In the United States, the fourth Thursday in November is called Thanksgiving Day. It is usually a family day celebrated with big dinners. On this day, Americans give thanks for the blessings they have enjoyed during the year The first Thanksgiving was held in Plymouth in the 17th century. The people of Plymouth had come to America from England. In their native land they had been called Puritans, but they called themselves Pilgrims. When the Pilgrims landed in America they were poorly trained to cope with life in the wilderness. One spring morning an Indian came into the little village of Plymouth . Later, he brought The Indian chief, who gave gifts and offered assistance. The Indians taught the Pilgrims how to hunt, fish and grow food. They also taught them, how to use fish for fertilizer in growing corn, pumpkin and beans. The Pilgrims had a good harvest. Governor William Bradford issued a proclamation establishing a day of Thanksgiving to God. The first Thanksgi
Baja California became the northwest limit of Spanish colonization, and even there, efforts to settle the area and bring native tribes to Christianity and European ways were halfhearted at best. Not until the Seven Years War (1756-1763) realigned European alliances and their colonial empires did Spain seriously attempt to assert control of Alta California. This was to be done through a combination of military forts (presidios) and mission churches overseen by Franciscan fathers led by Junípero Serra. In 1769, the first parties set north from Baja California, and the line of Spanish settlement along the coast was inaugurated when soldiers and priests established a presidio and mission church at San Diego. By the end of the Spanish colonial period, Alta California had three more presidios (at Monterey, San Francisco, and Santa Barbara) and no fewer than twenty-one missions. In addition to the missions,
Topic No. 4 Thanksgiving In the United States, the fourth Thursday in November is called Thanksgiving Day. On this day Americans give thanks for the blessings they have enjoyed during the year. Thanksgiving is usually a family day, celebrated with big dinners. The first American Thanksgiving was held in Plymouth. The Puritans from England came to America because they were unappreciated. They were called the Pilgrims. They came to America on a ship called Mayflower. September was the worst season of the year for sea crossing. After 65 days they landed at Cape Cod. The Pilgrims suffered a great deal during their first winter, because they were poorly equipped and poorly trained. One spring morning an Indian came and introduced him in a friendly way. The Indian chief offered assistance to the pilgrims and the Indians thought the Pilgrims how to hunt, fish, and grow food. Because of this help they had a good ha
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