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TOPIC 4 Thanksgiving In the United States, the fourth Thursday in November is called Thanksgiving Day. It is usually a family day celebrated with big dinners. On this day, Americans give thanks for the blessings they have enjoyed during the year The first Thanksgiving was held in Plymouth in the 17th century. The people of Plymouth had come to America from England. In their native land they had been called Puritans, but they called themselves Pilgrims. When the Pilgrims landed in America they were poorly trained to cope with life in the wilderness. One spring morning an Indian came into the little village of Plymouth . Later, he brought The Indian chief, who gave gifts and offered assistance. The Indians taught the Pilgrims how to hunt, fish and grow food
guitars. Then he began to work on steam engine. He built a new type of engine, with a separate consider and an air pump. It was great discovery. Watt's engine became the basics of industry. He invented a copying machine. The unit of electric power or activity was named 'a watt' after him. He retired when he was 64. His last invention was a machine for copying sculptures. He had many friends. He died in 1819. A monument was erected to him. 4) THANKSGIVING In the United States, the fourth Thursday in November is called Thanksgiving Day. On this day Americans give thanks for their blessings they have enjoyed during the year. Thanksgiving is usually a family day, celebrated with big dinners and happy reunions. The first American thanksgiving was held in Plymouth, Massachusetts in 1621. In 1620 a small group of puritans on a ship called mayflower set sail for America. This group called themselves pilgrims because of their wanderings in
crops of maize and tobacco. They also introduced the colonists to the turkey, which was native to North America. This aid, however, came too late for half the colonists, who died during their first punishing winter in Massachusetts, but the following year, the survivors showed they had learned their lessons well. In the autumn of 1621, they produced their first successful harvest and in gratitude, celebrated their first Thanksgiving . Thanksgiving became a national holiday in the United States in 1863, and has been observed on the fourth Tuesday in November ever since, with the turkey as a centrepiece of the festivities. Traditional foods: corn pone, Indian pudding, baked pumpkins, Mickey Mouse pancakes, corn soup, hamburgers, french fries
The United States of America. History. For thousands of years America was unknown to Europe. There lived only the native people, who had come from Siberia many thousand years ago by a land bridge. They had spread over the country, varying enormously from nomadic food gatherers to fishing societies. Then the Vikings visited Canada around AD 1000, but they did not stay. In 1492 Christopher Columbus discovered America while trying to reach India. He named the native people Indians, because he though he had reached India. He didn't stay either and in the sixteenth century the first Europeans to settle in America were the Spanish, the English and the French. The first village founded by the English settlers was in Virginia in 1607. It was called Jamestown. They didn't have good relations with the Indians and many of them died. But Pocahontas, the daughter of an Indian chief, became their friend and helped them. They started growing tobacco in Virginia, using A
Some are educated and completely assimilated in white society; many live in nearly complete isolation from non-Indian Americans. Relocation programs have taken hundreds of Indians to work in cities; thousands of others cling to the security of their reservations, hoping to gain education and assistance necessary to develop the resources of their lands and become self-sustaining. Generally, the Indians are still proud of their traditions and heritage, and many of them resist giving them up or allowing them to be submerged or corrupted by white civilization. But Indians generally also recognize that their standards of living must be raised. Without giving up their unique cultural heritage, they have organized into tribal councils to try to help the federal government settle on long-range programs of education, health services, vocational training, resource planning, and financial credit. First Settlements
They found a big market for their tobacco in Europe. In 1620 another group of English people landed in America. They called tehir landing place Plymouth, similary with the place they started their journey in Britain. These people are known as Pilgrim Fathers. The didn't want to live in England because they didn't agree with the church. The pilgrims had rough times also, but friendly Indians helped them. In 1621 the Pilgrims had a huge dinner to give thanks for the first food that they had grown themselves. That day became known as the Thanksgiving, and is celebrated every year in America. INDEPENDENCE WAR By the end of the 18th century, the whole of the Eastern coast of North America had been colonized, largely by the British, but also French and Spanish. There were very high taxes and people in Boston refused to pay them. So when the first cargoes of tea reached to Boston harbour, in 1773, all the tea was thrown into the water
1/3 of the senators is elected every two years for 6 years. The representatives are in proportion to the state's population, elected every two years for two years. 11. Federal Holidays: - Martin Luther King's birthday is celebrated as a federal holiday because he was the leader of The Civil Rights Movement in the 1960s. - George Washington's birthday is celebrated as a federal holiday because he was the first president of The United States. 12. Thanksgiving Day originated from the Native Americans who taught the Pilgrims how to cook, hunt and fish in the 17th century. Thanksgiving dinner consists of roast turkey, cranberry jelly, white mashed potatoes and pumpkin pie. Black Friday is the day after Thanksgiving aka the greatest shopping day of the year because the Christmas sales start. 13. The first European explorers in the present-day New York were Christopher
determined by the electors of the Electoral College 10. How are Senators and Representatives elected? Congressional elections every two years, half of them are midterm elections. 11. Whose birthdays are celebrated as federal holidays? Martin Luther King, Jr. Day 18th January leader of the Civil Rights Movement, preached nonviolence, got a Nobel Peace Price Washington's birthday 1st president of the US Columbus day Abraham Lincoln's birthday 16th President of the US 12. Origin of Thanksgiving Day In 1620, Pilgrims - Puritan separatists - landed in Plymouth, MA. The Pilgrims celebrated the "First Thanksgiving" in1621, after their first harvest Traditional foods eaten that day large roast turkey, side dishes - cranberry sauce, stuffing or gravy, sweet or mashed potatoes, pumpkin or peach pie. Black Friday - the day after Thanksgiving Thursday The beginning of Christmas season shopping 13. Who were the first European explorers in the area of present-day New York?
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