All the summer there was of no want. And then began to arrive flocks of duck and geese. However, not all Native Americans were friendly. As a result, a wooden fence with watchtowers surrounded the homes that had been built and the gates in the fence were locked at night. By 1622 the Pilgrim Fathers had built a fort to protect themselves. It also served as a meeting place to discuss issues of government within the new colony. Over the next few years, as life for Puritans became more uncomfortable in England, more and more made the journey across the Atlantic. By 1630, their numbers were such that the Puritans were able to establish the Massachusetts Bay Company and establish Boston, which was to grow as a major port. Despite the privations of 1620, the Puritans founded colonies that thrived and their success depended on fishing, shipbuilding, trade and farming. Unfriendly natives were not the Pilgrims' only problem. December was a bad time to start a
Slavery started in America in 1619, when the first slaves were brought to Jamestown, VA from Africa. Colonists bought slaves for cheap/free work force in the plantations they couldn’t have kept up otherwise due to large plots of fertile land and small families. 9. Name the original 13 colonies. VA, MA, MD, RI, CT, NH, NC, SC, NY, NJ, PA, DE, GA. 10. Which groups of colonists came to the New World in search of religious freedom? How did their views differ? Pilgrims in 1620, Puritans in 1630. Pilgrims were working men who believed in the importance of physical work, whereas Puritans valued education and thus were higher in the social and economic status. Pilgrims wanted to separate from the Church of England, while Puritans simply wanted to “purify” it. 11. What was The Mayflower Compact and why was it an important document? Name two important principles that this document included.
Facts The Collegiate Church of St Peter at Westminster Owned directly by the royal family Dedicated to St Peter Located next to the Houses of Parliament UNESCO World Heritage Site History 616, a shrine was founded 10451050, Edward the Confessor Consecrated on December 28, 1065 Romaneque style, to house Benetictine munks Rebuilt 12451517 in Gothic style by Henry III History 2 Henry VII Lady Chapel in 1503 Dissolution of the Monasteries in 1534 Attacked by Puritans in 1640s Oliver Cromwell's funeral in 1658 Western towers were built between 1722 and 1745 Coronations The coronations of King Harold and William the Conqueror in 1066 All English and British monarchs have been crowned there Except Edward V, Edward VIII and Lady Jane Gray King Edward's Chair since 1308 More about Abbey Poets' Corner Tomb of The Unknown Warrior Statue of Martin Luther King Chapter House Thank you for watching!
Under the skillful handling of these dramatists, blank verse, introduced into the lg by Surrey, became the main vehicle for tragedy and comedy. Native English drama, which had existed at least since medieval times, was the wellspring of Elizabethan drama. Although Classical drama had been known earlier, its initial influence came in the 1560s, with the translation of Latin drama, especially the revenge tragedies of Seneca and the comedies of Plautus and Terence. 13. How did the Puritans influence life and culture? As Puritan influence grew in England, more and more complaints were made about the ungodliness of the theatres, and they were occasionally closed. The Puritan influence that forced the occasional closing of the theaters was symptomatic of what was to come. The increasing strength of the predominantly Puritan middle class in the House of Commons during the reign of James I and his son Charles I, made confrontation inevitable. A civil
TOPIC 4 Thanksgiving In the United States, the fourth Thursday in November is called Thanksgiving Day. It is usually a family day celebrated with big dinners. On this day, Americans give thanks for the blessings they have enjoyed during the year The first Thanksgiving was held in Plymouth in the 17th century. The people of Plymouth had come to America from England. In their native land they had been called Puritans, but they called themselves Pilgrims. When the Pilgrims landed in America they were poorly trained to cope with life in the wilderness. One spring morning an Indian came into the little village of Plymouth . Later, he brought The Indian chief, who gave gifts and offered assistance. The Indians taught the Pilgrims how to hunt, fish and grow food. They also taught them, how to use fish for fertilizer in growing corn, pumpkin and beans. The Pilgrims had a good harvest
Topic No. 4 Thanksgiving In the United States, the fourth Thursday in November is called Thanksgiving Day. On this day Americans give thanks for the blessings they have enjoyed during the year. Thanksgiving is usually a family day, celebrated with big dinners. The first American Thanksgiving was held in Plymouth. The Puritans from England came to America because they were unappreciated. They were called the Pilgrims. They came to America on a ship called Mayflower. September was the worst season of the year for sea crossing. After 65 days they landed at Cape Cod. The Pilgrims suffered a great deal during their first winter, because they were poorly equipped and poorly trained. One spring morning an Indian came and introduced him in a friendly way. The Indian chief offered assistance to the pilgrims
countries England and Scotland and the flag combined the English flag of St. George with the Scottish flag of St. Andrew. 8. What is the Gunpowder Plot? Why was it organised? Gunpowder Plot was the name of the conspiracy by Catholics who tried to kill James and the Members of the Parliament to regain for their religion the influence that it had had before Elizabeth I's reign. 9. What were the landmarks in English literature in James I's reign? During James I reign, puritans was given the right to make an official translation of the Bible which was published in 1611. Also, the greatest writers during 17th century, John Bunyan and John Milton were puritans. 10. Why was Charles I beheaded? Charles I was beheaded by the Parliament in1649 because king Charles tried to arrest 5 members of the Parliament and wanted to rule the kingdom without the Parliament. 11. What two disasters took place during Charles II reign? What kind of changes did they
Summary: While watching her grandmother go to the gallows to hang for witchcraft in 1659 England, Mary Newbery is abducted by a wealthy woman before the suspicious mob turns their lynching attentions to her. The book is written as a series of diary entries that chronicle her many adventures as a 17th century orphan with genuine knowledge of witchcraft. Mary is packed off to join Puritans headed to the New World. While they search for religious freedom, Mary searches for a fresh start and a chance to live a life untainted by the suspicion of witchcraft. She is informally adopted by good friends who accept her strong-willed nature and and knowledge of herbs, medicines, and midwifery. To escape the oppressive atmosphere of the village and the stringent Puritan expectations, Mary retreats to the woods where she befriends a local Native American boy
(1642-1702) James I died in 1625 and his successor was Charles I, a king even more foolish and arrogant than dear old Jamesy. He was in constant conflict with Parliament, which he was financed by. At one point he even dissolved the Parliament, however, he was soon forced to reassemble it. In 1628 the king was orced to agree to the Petition of Rights, which gave inancial power to the Parliament. In 1637 he enraged the Puritans by appointing their enemy as the Archbishop o canterbury. In 1638 he aced the rebel Scottish army. As a result he had no support from Parliament, had an inexperienced army and had to accept a law that declared that Parliament has to meet every three years. In 1641 Ireland rebelled against Protestants in Ullster. 1642 Charles attempted to arrest 5 Mps and was banned by the mayor of London from London. Charlie went to Nottingham and raised an amy there. This is considered the
body are to the being of that body.” (Winthrop, 1996) This kind of spiritual love needed to result in the great influence on the world in the positive manner where community’s needs are the priority and the individual’s desires are in the background. Thus, Winthrop believed that God would bless a nation that lived in obedience to Him and His covenant, likewise God acted with Israel in the Old Testament. This previous principle was highly honored among the Puritans – they believed that every nation had to fulfill the covenant, otherwise they will fall in the eyes of God (“So that if we shall deal falsely with our God in this work we have undertaken, and so cause Him to withdraw”)( Winthrop, 1996) Thinking they were the elected spirits for the God, they needed to prevent future settlers of Massachusetts to be as same gracious, charitable and religious as them.
1.The Authorized Version, commonly known as the King James Version, King James Bible or KJV. English translation of Christian Bible. Translation began by the church of england in 1604 and completed in 1611. It was the third official translation into english. The first was the great bible which was made during the reign of kind henry VIII and the second was bishops bible. They started making the new version in 1604 because the puritans(a factino within the church of england) perceived (detected)problems with earlier translations. 2.The translation was done by 47 scholars, all of who were members of the Church of England. The New Testament was translated from Greek, the Old Testament was translated from Hebrew text, while the Apocrypha were translated from the Greek and Latin. Over the course of the 18th century, the Authorized Version supplanted the Latin Vulgate as the standard version of
He made a total of four trips to the Caribbean and South America during the years 1492-1504. He discovered America in 1492. I Indian sun, they pray for fan. J we hate Jews, they are fools. K Bush is okey, because he is not gay. L Americans are large, they eat much. M Mc`Donalds is good, there is a lot of food. N is for Nigga who pulled the trigger. O is for Osama who wears pyjamas. P is for Pamela who likes camera. Puritans The Puritans were a group of people who grew discontent in the Church of England and worked towards religious, moral and societal reforms. The writings and ideas of John Calvin, a leader in the Reformation, gave rise to Protestantism and were pivotal to the Christian revolt. They contended that The Church of England had become a product of political struggles and man-made doctrines. The Puritans were one branch of dissenters who decided that the Church of England was beyond reform
This is the Puritan Ethic: Strict self-discipline and devotion to God and church, accompanied by contempt for sinful pleasures and luxuries. Their belief that their destiny was predetermined, their self-imposed isolation, and religious exclusivity, would later lead to witch hunts beginning in 1688. The expulsion of Roger Williams in 1636 and Anne Hutchinson in 1638 was caused by their neighbors' fear of "evil" in their midst. The Puritans also were responsible for the first free schooling in America and established the first American college, Harvard College, in Cambridge, Massachusetts. Thanksgiving In 1621, when their labors were rewarded with a bountiful harvest after a year of sickness and scarcity, the Pilgrims gave thanks to God and celebrated His bounty in the Harvest Home tradition with feasting and sport (recreation). To the Puritans, a true “thanksgiving” was a day of prayer and pious humiliation,
What can you do there? The Tower Bridge Exhibition is a display housed in the bridge's twin towers, the high-level walkways and the Victorian engine rooms You visited The Tower, now crossed the Tower Bridge. Do you have to turn left or right to reach the Globe Theatre? right Destination 8: The Globe Theatre Why is this particular theatre that important? Shakespear's home teather, Shakespeare globe When was it built? 1599 Why was it closed already in 1642? closed down by the Puritans in 1642 - puhtusevennad The term "box office" (kassa) is said to originate from the Elizabethan theatre. What did it mean and look like at that time? See http://www.globe-theatre.org.uk/globe-theatre-box-office.htm for help. Congratulations! You are now leaving London to explore England even further. Your last stop will be at Greenwich Observatory You can stand on Longitude 0° in the Observatory. What is it? Prime meridian
o The Renaissance culture began, for example Shakespeare, who created the Globe Theatre. A wealthy and prosperous period in history. Analysis of 17th century The 17th century was not a stable century for the country and it's people. A. In politics it was unstable because : o the link between religion and politics became intense-protestantism, especially Puritanism, had grown in englang and puritans regarded the luxorious lifestyle of the king as immoral o people were angry at the way Stuart monarchs raised money without getting the agreement of the house of commons o conflicts between the king and the parliament, which led to the civil war(1642) and the execution of Charles I(1649) o during the period after the civil war Britain became a republic and Oliver Cromwell established his military government
First permanent English colony in North-America 214 settlers Searching for gold (none found) Strategically good location, James River Quite poor conditions. Starvation, diseases, lack of water, attacks of natives , fierce weather Tobacco plantations African slaves, working in tobacco harvest 1620 by Dutch boat. Also Englishmen (convicts and poor people) Mayflower and Pilgrim Fathers Mayflower- cargo ship In 1620 one hundred Puritans boarded the Mayflower From Plymouth, England, to today's Plymouth, Massachusetts, United States Claim they are the forefathers of USA aristocracy- FALSE They saw little chance of England becoming a proper country Wished to live free of English laws and oppressing church religious freedom In may (had time before winter!!!) · Mayflower Compact First governing document of Plymouth Colony Agreement composed by a consensus among new Settlers Composed for the sake of their own survival
She became known as the “Virgin Queen”. Her reign is characterized by intellectual brilliance, flourishing literature and commercial prosperity. 16. The Civil War. 1642-1651.During the century, Parliament had established its supremacy over the monarchy. Anger grew in the country at the way the Stuart monarchs raised money without getting the agreement of the House of Commons first. In addition, Puritanism had grown in England. Puritans regarded the luxurious lifestyle of the king and his followers immoral. They were also anti-Catholic and suspicious of the apparent sympathy towards Catholicism of the Stuart monarchs. The conflict between the Parliament and the kings over power increased and led the country into the Civil War during the reign of Charles I. The king believed that the monarch had been appointed by God to rule and to have absolute power, but the
Waller: wrote of queen as the queen of love. Cowley: Robert Herrick: The Argument of His Book, Delight in Disorder 6. The Caroline „beauty of holiness” Sermons and religious verse, witty preaching. George Herbert, Caroline piety expressed. His verse is sensitive and decorous, monument to „beauty of holiness”, practice of liturgy with good order and ritual which was the essence of Charles I’s religious policy. High Anglican piety. Herbert celebrates wat Puritans wished to sweep away. Beauty and significance of ritual, of the mystery of the sacraments offering praise to the angles, to the saints and Virgin Mary. We are in Heaven that can only be Anglican, filled with deep inner piety which spoke of the anguish of heart in its search for God.Church resumed as holy place again, restoration, beautification, painting and sculpture aided liturgy. 7. 17th century philosophical writing (Burton, Browne, Hobbes)
quest to live in a largely hostile world. The emergence of the Transcendentalist movement in New England in the middle years of the century marked a significant break from the Puritan tradition. Influenced by English Romanticism and German and Eastern philosophies, the Transcendentalist exalted feeling and intuition over reason. They rebelled against the materialism of contemporary society and rejected the established Church. Unlike the Puritans, they believed that man was fundamentally good and should be allowed to develop free from rules and restrictions. The most influential figures in the Transcendentalist school were the poet and philosopher Ralph Waldo Emerson (1803- 82) and the novelist Henry David Thoreau. Ralph Waldo Emerson, who was the spokesman for the movement, wrote several influential essays including Self-Reliance and The Over-Soul (1841-44). He visited
was a machine for copying sculptures. He had many friends. He died in 1819. A monument was erected to him. 4) THANKSGIVING In the United States, the fourth Thursday in November is called Thanksgiving Day. On this day Americans give thanks for their blessings they have enjoyed during the year. Thanksgiving is usually a family day, celebrated with big dinners and happy reunions. The first American thanksgiving was held in Plymouth, Massachusetts in 1621. In 1620 a small group of puritans on a ship called mayflower set sail for America. This group called themselves pilgrims because of their wanderings in search of religious freedom. There were 102 men, women and children on the ship- The pilgrims were poorly trained and poorly equipped to cope with life in the wilderness. One spring morning in 1621, an Indian came into the little village of Plymouth and introduced himself in friendly way. The Indians taught the pilgrims how to hunt, fish, and grow food
· Big Ben actually only the Bell(16 tons)- largest in the UK · Clock tower built in 1288 · 3rd tallest clock tower in the world, biggest four-faced clock in the world · Burned down along with the Houses in 1834, rebuilt after Westminster Abbey · Dedicated to St. Peter · Owned by the royal family · Next to Houses of Parliament · Edward the Confessor built 1045-1050 · Rebuilt 1245-1517 as a Gothic church; Henry III · Attacked by Puritans in 1640s · Since 1066, all English/British monarchs were coronated there · Except Edward VIII, Edward III, Lady Jane Grey · Poets Corner · Tomb of Unknown Warrior · Statue of Martin Luther King · The Coronation Chair(the stone of Scone) · Tudor roses The Squares Leicester Square Leicester Square is a tree-lined square in the centre of London which provides much needed shade in summer. Major cinemas stand on three sides of the square
The term Eleven Years' Tyranny is indicative of the partisan nature of activities at the time, which would eventually result in the English Civil War. Charles was executed for high treason. *Archbishop William Laud's controversial church reforms Laud was one of the senior advisors to Charles I. Laud brought an end to reforms within the Church which he believed had already gone too far. Laud's instruction that wooden communion tables should be replaced with stone altars infuriated Puritans. Laud wanted strict uniformity within the Church and no deviation from what he wanted. Laud's main priority was "decent order" and unity within the Church. He attempted to get stained glass windows back in churches and he wanted the altar moved from the centre of a church to the east end. *The Long Parliament 1640-1653 is the name of the English Parliament called by Charles I following the Bishops' Wars. It received its name from the fact that through a unique Act of
The Personal Rule, ,,Eleven Years Tyranny" King Charles I of England, Scotland and Ireland ruled without recourse to parliament.. His actions caused discontent among the ruling classes, where more popular among common people Arcbishop William Laud´s controversial church reforms A right-wing Anglican religious adviser to King Charles I. He imposed religious uniformity, tried to impose Anglican practises on Scots. His persecution of Puritans and other eligous dissidents resulted in his execution. He wanted to return a more realistic church with vestments and ornaments, to return bischops high Church not the presbyterian individual congreagtions. The Long Parliament. 1640-1653 Summoned in 1640 by King Charles I after the dissolution of the Scots parliament. It sat alomost continuously during the English Civil War. Wanted to establish control over the arbirtary rule of king
" Howells believed the future of American writing was not in poetry but in novels, a form which he saw shifting from "romance" to a serious form. Mark Twain and his critique of American civilisation through the eyes of children. Mark Twain shared a common understanding of U.S. identity and world mission. The national narrative originated in nineteenthcentury history texts, which fuse ProtestantChristian and Enlightenment values. According to the textbooks, the Puritans came to the New World to establish religious freedom, and American civil liberties are a uniquely Protestant idea. The doctrine of Free Trade became part of the narrative, semantically shifting words like "freedom" to connote the marketplace rather than the social arena. By the end of the century the energies of 19thcentury evangelical outreach crossed over into U.S. national selffashioning, and history texts positioned the Founding Fathers as directors of a divinely
body. The masters produced slaves for free. The black women didnät have the chance to marry, their masters had to give them permission. The author shows freedom is to be free for desire, slaves did not have that. Beloveds ghost represents desire that can never be fulfilled. A metaphore for guilt and grief. Beloved becomes the ghost who haunts the whole american nation. The ghost of enslavement for the blacks. American Drama 08.05.2013 Quite late to emarge in America. Puritans thought that drama was dirty. Most themes were taken directly from european plays. Copyright laws. Gradually things started to change and in the 19c the majority of plays was mostly sentimental comedy and romantic tragedy and the war of independent, alot of political satire. Soon comedy of manners became quite prominent. Things got more interesting when melodrama became important. Melodrama depicts a simplyfying moral universe in which good and evil are clear cut and so we have a hero and a
A vast body of story has been written and filmed about self-righteous Western lawman W y a t t Earp and his unruly, alcoholic, sickly, but very dangerous Ally, Doc Holliday. In some versions o f the tale, like director John Sturges' thundering Gunfight at the O.K. Corral, the two men are nearly equally matched, and while joining together to fight the external threat of the Clanton gang, they are also two horns of a great debate in American culture, between the rigid moral universe of the Puritans, represented by law-abiding W y a t t Earp, and the wilder rebel side represented by Holliday, a gambler from the old South. N O N - H U M A N ALLIES Allies need not be human. In some religions of the world, each person is assigned a spirit protector, a lifelong sidekick or Ally. T h i s may be an angel, the guardian angel who is supposed to look out for the person and keep them on the right path, or a minor deity of some kind. T h e Egyptians taught that Khnemu, the ram-headed
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