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Present perfect and Present perfect continious (0)

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Punktid
Inglise keel - Kõik luuletused, mis on inglise keeles
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Present Perfect Simple and Present Perfect Continuous  
 
Table of Contents 
 
 
Present Perfect Simple.............................................................................2 
When to use the Present Perfect Simple ...........................................2 
Present Perfect Continuous ...................................................................3 
When to use the Present Perfect Continuous..................................4 
Time expressions with Present Perfect...............................................5 
 
 
 
 
 
Present Perfect Simple 
  
The Present Perfect is the present tense of have + a past participle 
 
 
have washed    
/ I’ve washed 
                   you have written  /you’ve written 
                   he/she/it has worked /he’s/she’s/it’s worked 
                   we have forgotten  /we’ve forgotten 
                   they have gone   
/they’ve gone 
Negative  
 
I/you/we/they have not washed  / haven ’t washed 
                            he/she/it has not worked 
 
/hasn’t worked 
Question   
Have I/you/we/they worked
                            Has he/she/it washed
  
 
When to use the Present Perfect Simple 

 
Present Perfect refers to: 
•           Recent events , without a definite time given . The recentness 
may be indicated by just
We've missed the turning
 
   
I've just  seen  a ghost! 
•           Indefinite eventswhich happened at an unknown time in 
the past. No definite time is given. 
  
  Jim 
has had three car accidents. (up to the present) 
•          Indefinite events, which may have an obvious result in the 
present. 
 
   
I've twisted my ankle . (that’s why I'm limping) 
•          With state verbs , a state which lasts up to the present
  
  I've lived  here  for the past ten years
 
2
•        A habitual action  in a period of time up to the present. 
 
   
I've been jogging every morning  for the last  month
 
Contrasts with Past Simple   
Past Simple is used with time expressions which refer to definite times
The time may be stated or understood. Compare
I've bought a new car. (indefinite) 
       bought a new car last week. (definite) 
       bought the car after all. (implied definite: the car we  talked  about) 
Choice between Past Simple and Present Perfect for recent events may 
depend on the mental attitude of the speaker. This in turn may depend 
on whether the speaker feels distant in time or place from the event. 
I've left  my wallet in the car. I'm going back  to get it. 
Here the speaker may be about to return , and feels that the event is 
connected with the present. 
   
left my wallet in the car. I'm going back to get it. 
Here the speaker may feel separated in time from the event, or be further 
away
 
Present Perfect Continuous 
  
The Present Perfect Continuous is the present tense of have + been + an 
ing-form 
I/you/we/they have been waiting    /I/you/we/they’ve been waiting 
he/she/it has been working   
/he/she/it’s been working 
Negative 
I/you/we/they have not been waiting 
/haven’t been  
waiting 
  he/she/it 
has not been working 
/hasn’t been working 
Question  Have I/you/we/the been waiting
Has he/she/it been working
 
3
When to use the Present Perfect Continuous 
 
Present Perfect Continuous (Progressive) can refer to a range of 
meanings, depending on the time expression used and the context
•          A state which lasts up to the present moment 
  
  I've been waiting for you for three hours
•          An incomplete activity  
  
  I've been cleaning the house but I  still haven't  finished
•          To emphasise duration 
  
  I've been writing  letters  all morning. 
•       A recently finished activity 
   
 
I've been running. That's why I  look  hot. 
•         A repeated activity 
   
 
I've been taking   French lessons this  year
  
Contrasts with Present Perfect Simple 
There may be little contrast when some state verbs are used. 
  
How 
long 
have you lived here? 
  
How 
long have you been living here? 
Some verbs (especially sit, lie,  wait  and  stayprefer the continuous form. 
There may be a contrast between completion and incompletion, 
especially if the number of items completed is mentioned. 
Completed: emphasis on  achievement  
 
 I've ironed  five shirts this morning. 
Incomplete or recently completed: emphasis on duration 
  
I've been ironing my shirts this morning. 
  
 
 
 
 
4
Time expressions with Present Perfect 
 
 
Meaning with Present Perfect tenses is associated with certain time 
expressions. Contrast with Past Simple may depend on the choice of time 
expression. 
Past Simple: referring to a  specific time 
 
   yesterday , last week, on Sunday  
Present Perfect Simple
 
  since  1968 (the beginning of a period of time) 
 
   already  (indefinite past) 
Many time expressions are not associated with a specific tense. 
  

haven't seen  Helen recently. 
  

saw Jim recently. 
 
  
  
 
 
5

Document Outline

  •  Present Perfect Simple 
  • When to use the Present Perfect Simple 
  • Present Perfect Continuous 
  • When to use the Present Perfect Continuous 
  • Time expressions with Present Perfect 
    •  
Vasakule Paremale
Present perfect and Present perfect continious #1 Present perfect and Present perfect continious #2 Present perfect and Present perfect continious #3 Present perfect and Present perfect continious #4 Present perfect and Present perfect continious #5
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Reeglid Akadeemilises inglise keeles teemal Present perfect and Present perfect continious

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