Present Perfect Simple and Present Perfect Continuous Table of Contents Present Perfect Simple.............................................................................2 When to use the Present Perfect Simple ...........................................2 Present Perfect Continuous ...................................................................3 When to use the Present Perfect Continuous..................................4 Time expressions with Present Perfect...............................................5 Present Perfect Simple The Present Perfect is the present tense of have + a past participle I have washed / I’ve washed you have written /you’ve written he/she/it has worked /he’s/she’s/it’s worked we have forgotten /we’ve forgotten they have gone /they’ve gone Negative I/y...
An event in the past which happened before another event in the past, where there is no time expression to make this clear. By the time I got to the station, the train had left. Compare this with: The train left five minutes before I got to the station. In this example, the sequence of events is made clear by before. The Past Perfect is not used simply to describe an event in the distant past. There must be another past event, less far away in the past, with which it contrasts. When the company went bankrupt, it had lost over a million pounds. The Past Perfect is used to make clear that one action in the past happened before another action in the past. When we arrived home, Anna had gone to bed. George didn’t want to come to the cinema with us because he had already seen the film twice. It was my first time in an airplane. I was very nervous because I hadn’t flown before. 2
Stones. They are laid out in accordance with strict rules, depending on their shapes and sizes; they often are twinned by pairs. The type of stone to use is one of the most important element, in the design of a Japanese garden. Lantern. Originally intended to guide the visitors during nocturnal celebrations, its light was also considered as the light of knowledge clearing away the clouds of ignorance. Placed near water it provides an architectural element which contrasts with the natural components of the garden. Bridges. They may be built of wood, bamboo, earth or stone. Whether they are rounded, arc-shaped or in zigzags, they always remain in harmony with the surrounding nature. Carps. Indispensable inhabitants in the pond of any Japanese garden, carp bring a flash of colour to the shallow waters. These "living flowers" are very popular in Japan, and are even entered in competitions, where they are judged on their
speaking, spoken). There are three main grammatical classes of verb: lexical (walk, put, love), auxiliary (do, be, have) and modal (can, must, will). Lexical and auxiliary verbs indicate contrasts of tense, person and number. adjective omadussõna, Describes the qualities, features or states attributed to a a nice room, a happy girl, the blue adjektiiv noun or pronoun. sky 2 Grammatical Terminology
municipalities, which have a limited level of autonomy. Largest island • Trindidad Higest Point • El Cerro del Aripo, at 940 metres (3,084 ft) Lowest point • Lowest point is the Carribean sea 0m Cultural life • The culture of Trinidad and Tobago reflects the influence of Indian, Amerindian, European, Portuguese, Spanish (Hispanic and Latino), Je wish, and Arab cultures. The histories of Trinidad and Tobago are different, and there are contrasts in the cultural influences which have shaped each island. There are also regional differences within each island. • Trinidad and Tobago is an English-speaking country with strong links to the United Kingdom. Historical membership in the British Empire left a major influence on the country, including the dominance of the English language and the popularity of the two top sports in the country, football and cricket. Sources • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trinidad_and_Tobago
Estonia Estonia lies in the North-Europe and it is the member of European Union. In the north, Estonia is washed by the Gulf of Finland, in the west by the Balic Sea, in the south there is Latvia and in the east there lies Russian Federation. The territory of Estonia is 45,227 km 2 and it is divided into 15 counties. The capital and also the largest city in Estonia is Tallinn. The population is not large only 1.3 million people. The official language is Estonian. Although we have only few speakers in word terms, we are proud of our language which is considered to be one of the world's most beautiful ones. Estonia is an independent country, the government is parliamentary republic and the president of Estonia is Toomas-Hendrik Ilves. In Estonia, there are many places worth visiting. For example, the ruins of the Order Castle in Viljandi, national parks in Soomaa and definitely Old ...
Luther and William Tyndale. ´´Utopia´´ * "Utopia" a name he gave to the ideal and imaginary island nation, the political system of which he described in Utopia, published in 1516. * Written in Latvin * In it a traveller, Raphael Hythlodeaus describes the political arrangements of the imaginary island country of Utopia to himself and to Pieter Gillis. This novel describes the city of Amaurote by saying, "Of them all this is the worthiest and of most dignity". * Utopia contrasts the contentious social life of European states with the perfectly orderly, reasonable social arrangements of Utopia and its environs (Tallstoria, Nolandia, and Aircastle). In Utopia, with communal ownership of land, private property does not exist, men and women are educated alike, and there is almost complete religious toleration. Some take the novel's principal message to be the social need for order and discipline rather than liberty
- all of which are already established as independent phonemes of English - the two- phoneme analysis. There are also problems in how to analyse - as a phoneme or allophone, and many others. The second area of difficulty can be called the problem of assignment. There may be found many cases where it is difficult to assign a particular speech sound to a particular phoneme. We use the term neutralisation for cases where contrasts between phonemes which exist in other places in the language disappear in particular contexts. A clearer case of neutralisation can be found in the case of plosives following s in syllable-initial position. Words like 'spill', 'still', 'skill' are usually represented with the phonemes p, t, k following the s. But, as many writers have pointed out, it would be quite reasonable to transcribe them with b, d, g instead, because b, d, g are unaspirated while p, t, k in syllable- initial position are
) - Expressive, informative, and vocative d. Which two factors govern vocative texts? 1) writer-reader relationship 2) understandable language e. Are texts ever only vocative (or other text type)? Explain. - A really small percentage of texts are purely only vocative (or other text types). They tend to be a mixture of different types. 5. Aesthetic function e. a. What are some of the aspects that help create the aesthetic effect? -The rhythm, balance and contrasts of sentences, clauses and words also play their part. The sound-effects consist of onomatopoeia, alliteration, assonance, rhyme, intonation and stress. b. How do you understand the conflict between ‘truth’ and ‘beauty’? - c. Why are descriptive verbs (‘kirjeldav tegusõna’) usually easy to translate? - Descriptive verbs of movement and action, since they describe a manner, are rich in sound effect. d. Explain the importance of the metaphor in this context.
The terms of having a "perfect" life are far too steep if society's perception is held more important than family and a marriage. Torvald and Nora's relationship was doomed to fail as Torvald embraced being accepted in his community more so than keeping his wife safe. Nora would inevitably have the realization that her marriage was flawed, and her true, strong nature was revealed as she left her superficial life for the unknown. Her change of character contrasts with her initial character and the title of the play, which both resembled perfection and happiness. Nonetheless, as Torvald had said, "an exit should always be effective"(1142). Work Cited Ibsen, Henrik. "A Doll House" Literature: Approaches to Fiction, Poetry, and Drama. 2nd ed. Robert DiYanni. New York. McGraw-Hill, 2008: 91-96. Print. p.1113, 1114, 1129,1142, 1146, 1147, 1149
With a frequency adverb, this use is similar to the use of Present Continuous to express annoyance. When Jane was at school, she was always losing things. Past Continuous is not used to describe general habitual actions, without the sense of criticism mentioned above. Past Simple is used for this meaning. When I lived in London, I walked through the park every day. 4 Used to & would Used to This often contrasts with the present. The contrast may be stated or understood. I used to go swimming a lot (but I don’t now). The negative form is either: I didn't use to or I used not to (rare for some speakers) The form I didn’t used to may also be found. This is usually considered incorrect, unless we consider used to as an unchanging semi-modal form. There is no present time reference possible. Would This is used to describe repeated actions, not states. It describes a habitual activity
on American passanger ships by German submarines and the discovery of a German plot to encourage Mexico in war with USA. THE ROARING TWENTIES In the 1920s tariffs were brought to their highest level ever and taxes were drastically reduce. The Roaring Twenties suddenly ended in 1929 with the Wall Street crash. This crash marked the beginning of the worst depression in America, called as the Great Depression. The period was full of contrasts. In 1925 Klu Klux Klan, who had killed mostly blacks, but also Catholics, Jews an everybody not born in America, had over 4 million members. The Twnties were also a period of sexual reolution, when the existence of an instinctive "sex drive" in young people, mostly women gained social acceptance. Radio and magazines began to present standardized behaviour models. That was the beginning of porn (don't read it teacher!). WORLD WAR TWO
Large ships typically have three or more synchronized generators to ensure smooth operation. The combined output of a ship's generators is well above the actual power requirement to accommodate maintenance or the loss of one generator. 1.1.1)Diesel engine The diesel engine (also known as a compression-ignition engine) is an internal combustion engine that uses the heat of compression to initiate ignition and burn the fuel that has been injected into the combustion chamber. This contrasts with spark-ignition engines such as a petrol engine (gasoline engine) or gas engine (using a gaseous fuel as opposed to gasoline), which use a spark plug to ignite an air-fuel mixture. 1.1.1.1) A two-stroke, two-cycle, or two-cycle engine is a type of internal combustion engine which completes a power cycle in only one crankshaft revolution and with two strokes, or up and down movements, of the piston in comparison to a "four-stroke engine", which uses four strokes
apparent of Denmark should think about these problems only in personal and philosophical terms. He spends relatively little time thinking about the threats to Denmark's national security from without or the threats to its stability from within (some of which he helps to create through his own carelessness). Claudius Hamlet's major antagonist is a shrewd, lustful, conniving king who contrasts sharply with the other male characters in the play. Whereas most of the other important men in Hamlet are preoccupied with ideas of justice, revenge, and moral balance, Claudius is bent upon maintaining his own power. The old King Hamlet was apparently a stern warrior, but Claudius is a corrupt politician whose main weapon is his ability to manipulate others through his skillful use of language. Claudius's speech is compared to poison being poured in the ear--the
damage that the war has inflicted. Far away from the decimated Italian countryside, each intends to be the other's refuge. If they are to achieve physical, emotional, and psychological healing, they have found the perfect place in the safe remove of the Swiss mountains. The tragedy of the novel rests in the fact that their love, even when genuine, can never be more than temporary in this world. Motifs Motifs are recurring structures, contrasts, or literary devices that can help to develop and inform the text's major themes. Masculinity - Readers of Hemingway's fiction will quickly notice a consistent thread in the portrayal and celebration of a certain kind of man: domineering, supremely competent, and swaggeringly virile. A Farewell to Arms holds up several of its minor male characters as examples of fine manhood. Rinaldi is a faithful friend and an oversexed womanizer; Dr
themselves to god and to prove that they believe in him and that they love him. How many pilgrims did the narrator meet at the Tabard Inn in Southwark? 29 How does the narrator describe his role? Chaucer's pilgrim narrators represent a wide spectrum of ranks and occupations. The great variety of tales is matched by the diversity of their tellers; tales are assigned to appropriate narrators and juxtaposed to bring out contrasts in genre, style, tone and values The Knight (est . RÜÜTEL) : What kind of a person is he? Which values does he represent? Describe his looks and skills. The knight is dressed in a common shirt which is stained "where his armour had left a mark". He Knight represents the ideal of a medieval Christian manatarms. He has participated in no less than fifteen of the great crusades of his era. Brave, experienced, and prudent, the narrator greatly admires him.
[13] In 1935, the Museum of Modern Art in New York City presented an exhibition of his work. During World War II Léger lived in the United States, where he found inspiration in the novel sight of industrial refuse in the landscape. The shock of juxtaposed natural forms and mechanical elements, the "tons of abandoned machines with flowers cropping up from within, and birds perching on top of them" exemplified what he called the "law of contrast".[14] His enthusiasm for such contrasts resulted in such works as The Tree in the Ladder of 1943-44, and Romantic Landscape of 1946. A major work of 1944, Three Musicians (Museum of Modern Art, New York), reprises a composition of 1930. A folk-like composition reminiscent of Rousseau, it exploits the law of contrasts in its realistic juxtaposition of the three men and their instruments. Stained-glass window at the Central University of Venezuela, c.1950s Upon his return to France in 1945, he joined the Communist Party
City of London and north of the river Thames. Use of the term began in the late 19 th century and arose with the rapid growth of population in London, which lead to extreme overcrowding in the are and a concentration of poor people and immigrants. Many East Enders are ,,cockneys". A traditional definition is that to be a cockney, one had to be born within the sound of Bow Bells (a church in London's East End). 9. Conclusion London is a city of contrasts. Almost every race is represented in this old city and many languages all over the globe can be heard daily. It has long been one of the most important cities in the world. London is one of the world's leading business and financial centres and its influences in different aspects of life are comprehensible.
Taiga: Removing most of the trees in a given area is usually done using large machines which disrupt the soil greatly, and the dramatic diminution of ground cover permits large-scale erosion and avalanches, which further damage the habitat and sometimes endangers infrastructure, roads, and communities. Clear cutting removes most of the biomass from an area, and the various macro and micro-nutrients it contains. This sudden decrease in nutrients in an area contrasts with a forest fire, which returns most of the nutrients to the soil. 15. What domesticated animals people keep in the biomes? Deciduous forest- the Sonoma Chipmunk, Suisu Shrew, Scrub Jays, Acorn, Woodpeckers and 100 different kinds of birds. Taiga - mosquito, long-eared owl, bobcat, bald eagle Temperate grassland- prairie dog, Mongolian gerbil Temperate deciduous forest- temperate rainforest- temperate grassland- taiga-
in NSW, Victoria and sometimes in Tasmania. However in time of spring and autumn the weather is perfectly gentle. Ancient Aboriginal culture - Australia is the world's oldest continent, inhabited for more than 40,000 years by Aborigines. It was settled by the British just over 200 years ago, in 1788, and since then has transformed from a colonial outpost into a nation with a population of more than 20 million. For visitors, its ancient, worn landscape contrasts with the vitality and youthful energy of its inhabitants. It is an ancient culture that is deeply connected to the land. At the heart of the continent is Uluru (named Ayers Rock by the colonial settlers), a monolith of great spiritual significance. This great rock reaches 348 metres tall and measures nine kilometres at its base. Take a guided walk around Uluru or visit the Aboriginal Cultural Centre to find out more about the history of the area. Sydney
the effect of the sum of the individual parts. Culture: Could refer to literature, music, art. Here: refers to the system of shared attitudes, beliefs, values and behavior. The iceberg model: Behaviour, clothing, food above the surface of the water. Meanings, beliefs, attitudes and values below the surface. The onion model: layers of culture (behaviour, clothing, food) can be peeled away to reveal underlying basic assumptions (meanings, beliefs, attitudes and values). The tree model: contrasts visible and hidden culture: the roots- the historical origin of C; the stem- meanings, beliefs, attitudes, values; the branches and leaves- food, clothing, behaviour Communication: is the intentional transmission of ideas from one individual to one or more others. C= the exchange of meaning, involves the sending and receiving of info between a sender and a receiver. C happens through the use of words+ non-verbal factors (eg facial expressions and gestures).
Locality / l'kælt / asukoht, paikkond Inland body / 'nlænd 'bd / sisemaine osa Inlet / 'nlet / merekäär, laht Headland / 'hedlnd / neem Scour / 'ska / küürima Foreshore / 'f:: / tõusu ja mõõna vaheline rand Recreational / rekr'enl / lõõgastumis-, vabaaja- Scenery / 'si:nr / maastik Juxtaposition / dkstpz'in / kõrvuti asetsev GB consists of England, Scotland and Wales. GB is only a dot on the world map. It offers a great variety and scenic contrasts are often within easy reach. The coastline is washed by the tidal system twice a day. Britain´s speciality is the man-made scenery. Each part of the country has its peculiar geographical features. England Indented / n'dentd / sakiline Estuary / 'estjr / suudmelaht Watershed / 'w:td /veelahe
is going to give a brief overview of IMF and World Bank and the criticism about these organizations. In the third part essay explores the Ecuador case and looks it through the realism. To understand this essay better, author has divided it into chapters. Work conclusions and future research opportunities are presented in the summary. 3 Basic of liberalism Liberalism is one of the oldest theories and it contrasts to realism that has rather pessimistic approach not like liberalism that tries to be optimistic. The theory emerged to show the futility of war and the idea of creating a better future. You can find four types of liberalism (Jackson, 2010) but in this essay we are foucused more on institutional liberalism whereby the role of international institutions lies in transnational cooperation. Liberalists belive that international relations are based on collaborative work
that their central government chooses to delegate. The majority of states in the world have a unitary system of government. 4. A federal state-- a political entity characterized by a union of partially self- governing states or regions under a central (federal) government. 5. A multinational state- A multinational state is a sovereign state which is viewed as comprising two or more nations. Such a state contrasts with a nation-state where a single nation comprises the bulk of the population. 6. A single-nation state- a geographical area that can be identified as deriving its political legitimacy from serving as a sovereign nation. A state is a political and geopolitical entity, while a nation is a cultural and ethnic one. The term "nation state" implies that the two coincide, but "nation state" formation can take place at different times in different parts of the world. 7
opereerib ka odavlennufirma Blue1. Tallinna ja Helsingi vahel opereerivad Finnair ja Estonian Air. (12;13) Turism Soomet külastas 4 milionit turisti aastal 2004. Enamus neist tulis Rootsist. Tulu turismist on 2,4 % Soome GDP ja annab tööd 60,000 inimesele. Soome turisminduse brändi lõi Finland Promotion Board. Brändil on neli sõna: Jahe, Erinevus, Uskumisväärne, Loov ( Cool, Contrasts, Credible, Creative). Peamiseks turismimagnetiks on loodus. Ahvenamaa saarestik ja Põhja- Soome metsad. Soome on tuntud ka suusariigina. Seal asub palju suusakeskusi mis on väga populaarsed. (15) Mida teha ja vaadata Soome jarvedeala on Euroopa ulatuslikum järvistu. Llugematud järved teevad piirkonnast vastupandamatu puhkepaiga. Kanuusõitjad, kajakkidel liikujad ning kalapüüdjad naudivad vabalt voolavaid kärestikke.
No radical social change, or popualr democracy experiment. Men at the top harassed by those who supporteed the old and those who sought further to radicalize the new. Dissenting Puritans, restless Protestant sectarians. Pamphlet literature of those who saw Charles I’s overthrow as freedom from Norman feudalism. Native rights, more equal distribution of constituencies, removing property qualifications from voters. John Lilburne – Leveller party. Contrasts between rich and poor. Equal distribution of property. 9. Milton. Paradise Lost Lengthy works of religious convictions discarded today, wanted to remove his poetry to greater extent than that of others, for material: the fall of man, the restoration of the human race in Christ, destruction of God’s enemies, from the heavnely point of view, his poetry must teavh, purify and elevate the heart (his work
English literature is one of the oldest literatures in Europe; dates back to the 6th century AD. Oral literature, i.e. not written down, spread from person to person. In 449 AD Anglo-‐Saxon tribes invaded England – beginning of the Anglo-‐Saxon period in English literature. The first form of literature was folklore, carried by scops and gleemen, who sang in alliterative verse (a kind of simple poetry). Prose developed much later. The first form of recorded English literature was the epic Beowulf, which was produced sometime near the end of the 7th and beginning of the 8th century. It has no ...
In her globalizing, post-modernist discourse, Hoffman's references are generally made to broader geographical and mental spaces rather than to a particular home culture. Hers is an unmistakably `major culture' voice that contrasts the West to the East, the West to the Balkans, the West to the Orient, the strange and alien to what she regards as `us': And yet, I'm also pretty sure that [. . .] despite the obstacles, the corruptions, the
NP, according to certain meaning-related distinctions, especially a distinction related to the sex of the referent. Grammatical gender or overt gender of nouns: German: der Mann `the man' die Frau `the woman' das Kind `the child' der Tisch `the table' die Feder `the pen' das Buch `the book' English has no inflectionally-marked gender distinctions. Some 3 rd person pronouns and wh- pronouns express natural gender distinctions: it, which, etc. [NONPERSONAL] contrasts with the following: who, whom, [PERSONAL] he, himself [MASCULINE, chiefly PERSONAL] she, herself, etc. [FEMININE, chiefly PERSONAL] Gender in English nouns is `notional' or `covert' (cf. French, German, Russian). There is no grammatical gender in English. Male entities are referred to masculine pronouns - he; female - she; sexless - it. Some other remarks: - morphologically unmarked for gender: bachelor spinster, uncle aunt, monk nun, king queen, nephew niece, brother sister
In the Kreek redaction a Latin text was also used. There are 8 traditional movements beginning with Introitus and ending with Agnus Dei. This is a choral composition where balance, crispness, seriousness together with great warmth (especially in the Domine Jesu), simplicity, folk song inflections and polyphonic mastery are combined into a sterling whole. The Requiem differs greatly from Des Jona Sendung by Tobias and Job by Kapp. Kreek is neither a type of rebel nor fighter. The contrasts do not reach tragic proportions, no grave thoughts suppressing the spirit, no melancholy. This is in the first place lyrical, epic and meditative music open to everyone:1 Example 24. Mart Saar reflecting on the whole output of the composer wrote: A precious and abstract rational mood is characteristic of him, joined with national colouring. Together with this goes great aptitude in thematic development and skill to amalgamate
the Savior he had himself crucified on the X-shaped cross. It was not a regular cross, because he did not want to put himself on the same level than the Christ. The flag of Scotland feature St Andrew's X-shaped cross. The feast of Saint Andrew is held on November 30 in both the Eastern and Western churches, and is the national day of Scotland. *St David He is the patron saint of Wales. He was a model monk ad he established 12 monasteries in Wales. David contrasts with the other national patron saints of the British Isles, because he is a native of the country of which he is patron saint. He became known as a teacher and preacher, founding monastic settlements and churches. He rose to a bishopric, and and went on pilgrimages to Jerusalem and Rome. St David's Cathedral now stands on the site of the monastery he founded in the remote and inhospitable valley of 'Glyn Rhosyn' in Pembrokeshire.
(Piekkari et al., 2008; Ferlie et al., 2005) own as an analytic unit ... multiple cases are discrete · Piisava kirjanduse puudus experiments that serve as replications, contrasts, and · Avastav (i.k. exploratory) extensions to the emerging theory" (Fendt & Sachs, 2008)
description, meaning what it does here in our world, designates someone else (Cameron, Strawson, . . . ), or no one at all--since in some other possible worlds the Conservatives won the election, and in some there was no elec- tion, and so forth. This is why the description's referent changes from world to world. Let us call such a singular term, one that designates different things in dif- ferent worlds, a flaccid designator. It contrasts specifically with what Kripke calls a rigid designator: a term that is not flaccid, that does not change its referent from world to world, but denotes the very same item in every world (at least in every world in which that item exists. 2) Rigidity and proper names Now we are able to state Kripke's further objection to description theories of proper names (1972/1980: 74ff.): a definite description of the sort Russell had in mind is flaccid, as has just been illustrated
What comes out of the transformation is the ciphertext or the codetext. The final secret message, wrapped up and sent, is the cryptogram. (The term "ciphertext" emphasizes the result of encipherment more, while "cryptogram" emphasizes the fact of transmission more; it is analogous to "telegram.") To decipher or decode is for the persons legitimately possessing the key and system to reverse the transformations and bare the original message. It contrasts with cryptanalyze, in which persons who do not possess the key or system— a third party, the "enemy"—break down or solve the cryptogram. The difference is, of course, crucial. Before about 1920, when the word cryptanalysis was coined to mean the methods of breaking codes and ciphers, "decipher" and "decode" served in both senses (and occasionally still do), and in quotations where they are used in the sense of solve, they are retained if they will not confuse. Sometimes
the Special World, so audience and hero will experience a dramatic change when the threshold is finally crossed. In The Wizard of Oz the Ordinary W o r l d is depicted in black and white, to make a stunning contrast with the Technicolor Special W o r l d of Oz. In the thriller Dead Again, the Ordinary W o r l d of modern day is shot in color to contrast with the nightmarish black-and-white Special W o r l d of the 1 9 4 0 s flashbacks. City Slickers contrasts the drab, restrictive environment of the city with the more lively arena of the West where most of the story takes place. Compared to the Special World, the Ordinary World may seem boring and calm, but the seeds of excitement and challenge can usually be found there. T h e hero's prob lems and conflicts are already present in the Ordinary World, waiting to be activated. F O R E S H A D O W I N G : A M O D E L OF THE SPECIAL W O R L D
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