Question 1 Define the following ADC terms: 1. SNR – (Signal to Noise Ratio) SNR is a calculated value that represents the ratio of RMS signal to RMS noise. 2. SINAD - (signal-to-noise-and-distortion ratio) Ratio of the RMS signal amplitude to the mean value of the root-sum-square (RSS) 3. ENOB – (effective number of bits) The effective number-of-bits and relates to SINAD 4. THD - (total harmonic distortion) Ratio of the rms value of the fundamental signal to the mean value of the RSS of its harmonics. 5. SFDR - (spurious free dynamic range) Ratio of the RMS value of the signal to the RMS value of the worst spurious signal. 6. Channels - related to the inputs of the ADC can either be multiplexed or individually selected. 7. Linearity - relates to how a ADC follows a linear function. All ADCs are to a certain extend nonlinearity. 8...
Tallinn University of Technology Department of Electricl Power Engineering and Mechatronics Report on Exercises 4 on Power Electronics AC Voltage Regulators Tallinn 2017 Given parameters: Output voltage, Ud = 20 V Input frequency, fin = 50 Hz Load resistance, Rload = 70 kOhm Calculations: U ¿ =2∗U out =2∗20=40V U max U rms = =17.09 V √2 Period = pulse width + delay => 10 ms = 5 ms + 5 ms Table 1. Control curve data. Delay time, Pulse with, Alpha, firing Switch SCR ms ms angle Uout, V Iout, mA Uout, V Iout, mA 0 10 0 28.14 ...
Ticket No1 1)The characteristic is called output characteristic or volt-ampere charateristic of a Rectifier Diode. 2)Rectifier Diode. 3) A is called Anode and C is called Cathode. An Anode has positive potential and therefore collects electrons in the device. Cathode has negative potential and therefore emits electrons to anode. The symbol looks like an arrow that ponts from the anode to the cathode, and reminds that conventional current flows easily from the p side(anode) to the n side(cathode). BIASING. Forward biasing. If the current in a diode is too large, excessive heat will destroy the device. Even approaching the burnout current value without reaching it can shorten its life. Therefore manufacturer's data sheet specifies the maximum forward current, that diode can withstand. This average current IF is the rate a diode can handle up to the forward direction when used a...
Week 4 homework. Question 1: 1. SNR – Ratio of root mean square signal to root mean square. 2. SINAD – Ratio of the RMS signal amplitude to the mean of value of the root sum square. 3. ENOB – The effective number of bits and relates to SINAD. 4. THD – Ratio of the rms value of the fundamental signal to the mean value of RSS of its harmonics. 5. SFDR – Ratio of the RMS value of the signal to the RMS value of the worst spurious signal. 6. Channels – multiple analog signal inputs to the ADC that can be individually selected or selected through a multiplexor. 7. Linearity – Describes how an ADC conveter follows a linear function. 8. Operating temperature – A temperature at which the ADC functions optimally, usually given by the manufacturer. 9. Power dissipation – The proportion of power dissipated (through heat) when the ADC is working. Question 2: An 8 bit ADC has a reference voltage of 5V. What is the digital output code ...
Microcontroller homework for week 04 1. SNR - Ratio of RMS signal to RMS SINAD - Ratio of the RMS signal amplitude to the mean value of the root-sum-square (RSS) ENOB - The effective number-of-bits and relates to SINAD THD - Ratio of the rms value of the fundamental signal to the mean value of the RSS of its harmonics. SFDR - Ratio of the RMS value of the signal to the RMS value of the worst spurious signal. Channels related to the inputs of the ADC can either be multiplexed or individually selected. Linearity relates to how a ADC follows a linear function. All ADCs are to a certain extend non-linearity. Temperature is measurement, which in optimal state for ADC-s, lets them function correctly. Power dissipation refers to the amount power dissipated when the ADC is operating. 2. The output code is 001111012 and the voltage of the LSB is 0,0195V ...
Tallinn University of Technology Department of Electrical Drives and Power Electronics Report on Exercises 2 Diodes Student ******* Code ****96 Group AAVB41 Tallinn 2012 2.1. Diode rectifier VD f = 9 kHz U=6V U = 19.7 V R = 96 k Figure 1. Circuit diagram Figure 2. Timing diagram VD + R = 96 k...
Analog Interfacing to Embedded Microprocessors Real World Design Analog Interfacing to Embedded Microprocessors Real World Design Stuart Ball Boston Oxford Auckland Johannesburg Melbourne New Delhi Newnes is an imprint of Butterworth–Heinemann. Copyright © 2001 by Butterworth–Heinemann A member of the Reed Elsevier group All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher. Recognizing the importance of preserving what has been written, Butterworth–Heinemann prints its books on acid-free paper whenever possible. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Ball, Stuart R., 1956– Analog interfacing to embedded microprocessors : real world design / Stuart Ball. p. cm. ISBN 0-7506-7339-7 (pbk...
Electrical drives and power electronics TESTS · The synchronous machines are associated with the names of Ferraris · Name the scientists who first studied electrical phenomena Coulomb · The DC machines are associated with the names of Jacobi Henry · The leading companies in the world market of electrical drive engineering are Mitsubishi · · The electromagnetic torque is born in air gap · What kind of drives the majority of drive systems present low accuracy · The induction machines are associated with the names of Dolivo-Dobrovolsky Tesla · One of the first eletrical motors has been built by Jacobi · Electromagnetic efficiency is measured in tesla · Time constants are measured by ms s hours · Who is the author of the first electrical motor Henry · Which rectifier cannot be built without a transformer 3-phase midpoint · Call the benefits of 3-phase rectifiers upon the 1-phase ones output voltage · Which rectifier has ...
Tallinn University of Technology Department of Electricl Power Engineering and Mechatronics Report on Exercises 1 on Power Electronics Single-Phase Half-Wave Rectifiers Tallinn 2017 Given parameters: Output voltage, Ud = 10 V Input frequency, fin = 50 Hz Load resistance, Rload = 70 kOhm Calculations: u1 10 I d= = =0.143 mA R L 70000 πUd 3.14∗10 US= = =22.2 V √2 √2 PIV =π∗Ud=3.14∗10=31.42V U max =√ 2∗U s=√ 2∗22.2=31.4 V Table 1. Value comparison table. Parameter Calculated Measured Error Ud, V 10 9.667 0.33 Fin,...
Tallinn University of Technology Department of Electricl Power Engineering and Mechatronics Report on Exercises 2 on Power Electronics Single-Phase Full-Wave Rectifiers Tallinn 2017 Given parameters: Output voltage, Ud = 10 V Input frequency, fin = 50 Hz Load resistance, Rload = 70 kOhm Calculations: u1 10 I d= = =0.143 mA R L 70000 πUd 3.14∗10 US= = =11.1 V 2 √2 2 √2 U Smax =U S∗√ 2=11.1∗√ 2=15.7 V PIV =2∗U smax =2∗15.7=31.4 V I max=I d∗√ 2=0.143∗√ 2=0.2 V Table 1. Value comparison table. Parameter Calculated Measured Error Ud, V 10 9.6 0.3 Id, mA 0.143 0.137 0.006 Usmax...
Midterm Exam Microcontrollers and Practical Robotics Question 1 Convert the decimal number 43.982 to (a) binary and (b) hex. Show all your calculations. a.) 101011.111110 b.) 2B.FB6 Question 2 Perform the calculation of 58 – 42 by first converting each decimal value to binary and then using the twos complement method. Show all your calculations 5810=001110102 4210=001010102 Converse to twos complement 4210=001010102=110101012+1=110101102 Then 58+(42) 001110102 +110101102 = 000100002 =1610 Question 3 Given the following bridge circuit for a strain gauge, determine the value of the strain gauge resistance {RS}. Let: VIN = 5V R3 = 100 Ω R2 = 50 Ω R1 = 100 Ω 2 Midterm Exam - Solutions a) Under no strain (VOUT = 0 V) b) When VOUT = 0,5 V {under strain}. Solution: a) Under no strain: R1 R3 R1R4 R2 R3 VOUT ...
Tallinn University of Technology Department of Electricl Power Engineering and Mechatronics Report on Exercises 3 on Power Electronics Three-Phase Rectifiers Tallinn 2017 Given parameters: Output voltage, Ud = 10 V Input frequency, fin = 50 Hz Load resistance, Rload = 70 kOhm Calculations: M3 rectifier: u1 10 I d= = =0.143 mA R L 70000 2π Ud 2 π∗10 U ¿max = = =12.09 V 3 √3 3 √3 U ¿ max 12.09 U ¿rms = = =8.55V √2 √2 B6 rectifier: πUd π∗10 U ¿max = = =6.05 V 3 √3 3 √3 U ¿ max 6.05 U ¿rms = ...
Tallinn University of Technology Department of Electrical Drives and Power Electronics Report on Exercises 5 On Electronics and Semiconductor Engineering Op amps AAVB-41 Tallinn 2008 Exercise 5.1. Non-Inverting Voltage Amplifier Fig. 5.2. Diagrams of bandwidth versus gain Data table R1,k Measur ed Calculated Uin,V R2,k K Uout,V fc,kHz K Uout,V fc,kHz 1 90 50 2,80 1,98 530,31 2,8 1,96 535,71 1 90 40 3,25 2,30 457,55 3,25 2,28 461,54 1 90 30 4,00 2,83 372,40 4 2,80 ...
Question 1 Name 9 characteristic parameters of sensors. Treshold, noise, range, stability, linearity, accuracy, precision, sensitivity, hysteresis Question 2 Given the circuit below (using a SYH-2R humidity sensor) determine the output voltage for a relative humidity of 70 % at 30 °C if R T = 50 kΩ and VDD= 2.5 V. R70 30 c =R H =9,2 kV RH 9,2 k V O= ∙ V DD= ∙ 2,5 = 0,388 V (R T + R H ) ( 50 k +9,2 k ) Hint: Check specification for Humidity Sensor of SYH-2R.pdf at http://www.rhopointcomponents.com/images/SYH-2R.pdf 2 Week 04 Homework Question 3 Given the following bridge circuit for a strain gauge, determine the value of the strain gauge resistance {RS}. Let: VIN = 5V R3 = 200 Ω R2 = 50 Ω R1 = 100 Ω a) Under no strain (VOUT = 0 V) R2 ∙ R3 RS= =100 Ω ...
Question 1 Name 9 characteristic parameters of sensors. Solution: 1. Thershold. 2. Sensitivity. 3. Full Range. 4. Linearity. 5. Accuracy. 6. Precision. 7. Stability. 8. Hysteresis. 9. Noise. Question 2 Given the circuit below (using a SYH-2R humidity sensor) determine the output voltage for a relative humidity of 70 % at 30 °C if RT = 50 kΩ and VDD= 2.5 V. Solution: Check specification for Humidity Sensor of SYH-2R.pdf at: http://www.rhopointcomponents.com/images/SYH-2R.pdf 2 Week 04 Homework - Solutions Check Thermistor - Wikipedia.pdf at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermistor Calculate the Humidity Sensor resistance at 30°C T = 273.15°C +30°C = 303.15°C T0 = 273.15°C +25°C = 298.15°C R60% 30°C =25.5858 kΩ - Matlab code: 33*exp(4600*(1/303.15-1/298.15)) = 25.5858 Calculate the Humidity Sensor resistance at relative humidity 70% See the above graphic for the standard resistance:...
HAAPSALU KUTSEHARIDUSKESKUS ARVUTID JA ARVUTIVÕRGUD 09 Taavi Metsvahi PRAKTIKA ARUANNE Aruanne Juhendaja: A. Sillak Haapsalu Kutsehariduskeskus Taavi Metsvahi Arvutid ja arvutivõrgud 09 UUEMÕISA 2010 Sisukord Sisukord.........................................................................................................................2 Labor 4..........................................................................................................................3 1.Töövahendid........................................................................................................... 3 2.Tunni sisu.......................................................................
Read Chapter_5_Output_Control_Methods.pdf Question 1 (10 marks) Draw a PID control scheme and write down an equation to describe the PID control. Compare the differences between the “bang-bang“ control and proportional control. What are the functions of Integral and Derivative terms in the PID equation. Solution: Draw a PID control system: (Figure 5.5, page 111) Write down an equation to describe the PID control: (page 111) Compare the differences and the advantages between the “bang-bang“ control and Proportional control: (page 105) “Bang-Bang“ control or ON-OFF control is the simplest control system. It turns ON when the system needs more INPUT and tuns OFF if the system doesn’t need INPUT any more. The INPUT is similar to the PWM square wave (running ON and OFF during the length of the needed INPUT). Bang-Bang control is similar to the PWM input signal Proportional control: Bang-Bang con...
Cat. No. W317-E1-11 SYSMAC CPM1A Programmable Controllers OPERATION MANUAL CPM1A Programmable Controllers Operation Manual Revised October 2007 iv Notice: OMRON products are manufactured for use according to proper procedures by a qualified operator and only for the purposes described in this manual. The following conventions are used to indicate and classify precautions in this manual. Always heed the information provided with them. Failure to heed precautions can result in injury to people or dam- age to property. ! DANGER Indicates an imminently hazardous situation which, if not avoided, will result in death or serious injury. Additionally, there may be severe property damage. ! WARNING Indicates a potentially hazardous situation which, if not avoided, could re...
Tallinn University of Technology Department of Electrical Engineering Report on laboratory work 1 on General Course of Electrical Drive SENSORLESS DRIVE POWER FLEX (ALLEN BRADLEY) Jüri Lina 666BMW Group M16 Variant 2 Tallinn 2014 1. Functional Diagram 2. Tables of observations Task Operation/Record Observation 1 Reverse the motor speed. How long Time to reverse was 16 does the motor reverse? seconds 2 2: Set the screen display an Output Minimal: 2.8V Voltage of the inverter. Turning the Maximal: 166V potentiometer, find accessible minimal and maximal voltages. Stop the drive. 3 3 T...
Read Chapter_6_Analog_Outputs.pdf and Chapter_8_EMI_ElectroMagnetic_Interference.pdf Question 1 Given the below open sensor detection: a. Derive equations for both outputs VO and Vsense as a function of VR, R1, Rth, RH, RL and RF. b. What value will appear on each output if the thermistor fails (becomes an open circuit)? c. How can the above schem be modified to implement temperature reading with open sensor detection using only one ADC and one digital input pin of the microcontroller? Solution: a. Derive equations for both outputs as a function of VR, R1, Rth, RH, RL and RF. Rth Writing the equation for V1 : V1 VSense VR th R R1 V0 V2 VR V2 V2 Writing the equation for V2 : ...
Question 1 (in wiki and in terminologies) 1. SNR is a calculated value that represents the ratio of root- mean-square (rms ) signal to rms noise. 2. SINAD stands for Signal-to-noise and distortion ratio. It is a measure of the quality of a signal from a communications device, often defined as: where is the average power of the signal, noise and distortion components. SINAD is usually expressed in dB. For examples to calculate the ratio of 1 kW (one kilowatt, or 1000 watts) to 1 W in decibels, use the formula 3. ENOB is the effective number-of-bits related to SINAD and the quality of a digitized signal. The 6.02 term in the divisor converts decibels (a log10) to bits (a log2) The 1.76 term comes from quantization error in an ideal ADC 4. THD - Total harmonic distortion is the ratio of the root-mean-square (rms) ...
Read Chapter_4_Time_Based_Measurements.pdf Question 1 When converting an analogue value to a frequency, consider the following diagram describing the system. The frequency changes from 20 MHz to 18 MHz and the system samples at an interval of 2ms. How many counts does the microprocessor detect at, 2ms a) 20 MHz? =40000 counts 50 ns 2ms b) 18 MHz? =36 000 counts 55,55 ns What is the difference in terms of number of counts detected by the microprocessor? Between 20MHz and 18MHz are 4000 counts. Question 2 Consider the following diagram The frequency changes from 20 MHz to 18 MHz and the system samples at an interval of 100ns. a) What is the difference in terms of number of counts detected by the microprocessor? 10 MHz 10 MHz =5000 =5555,555 2000 Hz 1800 Hz ...
Homework-04 Solution (100 marks) Read Chapter_4_Time_Based_Measurements.pdf Question 1 (10 marks) When converting an analogue value to a frequency, consider the following diagram describing the system. The frequency changes from 20 MHz to 18 MHz and the system samples at an interval of 2ms. How many counts does the microprocessor detect at, a) 20 MHz? b) 18 MHz? What is the difference in terms of number of counts detected by the microprocessor? Solution: 1 1 a) Converse 20 MHz to time length: T 0.00005ms f 20,000,000 2ms Number of counts in 2ms: N 40,000 0.00005ms 1 1 b) Converse 18 MHz to time length: T 0.000055556ms ...
Microcontroller homework for week 12 1. Three different stepper motors (illustrations on page 162-163): · permanent-magnet, · variablereluctance, · hybrid. The VR stepper has a soft iron rotor with teethand a wound stator. As current is applied to two opposing stator coils, the rotor is pulled into alignment with these twocoils. As the next pair of coils is energized, the rotor advances to the next position. The permanent magnet (PM) stepper has a rotor with alternating north and south. As the coils are energized, the rotor is pulled around. This figure shows a single coil to illustrate the concept, but a realstepper would have stator windings surrounding the rotor. The PM stepper has more torque than an equivalent VR stepper. The hybrid stepper essentially adds teeth to a permanent magnet motor,resulting in better coupling of the magnetic field into the rotor and moreprecise movement. In a hybrid stepper, th...
Mictrocontroller Week 03 Numbering systems 1. Convert the decimal number 123.456 to the following formats, taking whole numbers and fractions into account. Show calculations. a) binary b) hexadecimal c) base-5 d) BCD === 1. a) 0111 1011.0111 01002 b) 7B.7416 c) 443.2125 d) 0001 0010 0011.0100 0101 01102 === 2. Extend the following unsigned 8-bit binary numbers to their 16-bit equivalents and convert the result to hexadecimal. a) 011010112 b) 101101012 === 2. a) 006B b) 00B5 === 3. Extend the following signed two’s complement 8-bit binary numbers to their 16-bit equivalents and convert the result to hexadecimal. a) 011010112 b) 101101012 === 3. a) 006B b) FFB5 === Logic and arithmetic 4. Using two’s complement arithmetic, calculate the following (choose a suitable number of bits for the representation): a) 121 – 185 b) -70 – 88 == 4. Convert back to verify answer == 5. Calculate the following without conve...
Tallinn University Natural and exact sciences Molecular Biochemistry and Ecology Maria Gnidenko Capillary electrophoresis Essay Supervisor: Kert Martma Tallinn 2015 Table of contents Acronyms and symbols used Introduction History and development Physical basis and principle of separation Elektrophoresis Electroosmotic flow Separation process Electrodispersion Various methods of separation Capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) ...
Mictrocontroller Week 03 Numbering systems 1. Convert the decimal number 123.456 to the following formats, taking whole numbers and fractions into account. Show calculations. a) Binary Fractional part : Reading direction Integral part: Reading direction 0,456 x 2 = 0,912 0 123 / 2 = 61 1 0,912 x 2 = 1,812 1 61 / 2 = 30 1 0,812 x2 = 1,624 1 30 / 2 = 15 0 0,624 x 2 = 1,248 1 15 / 2 = 7 1 0,248 x 2 = 0,496 0 7/2=3 1 0,496 x 2 = 0,992 1 3/2=1 1 0 1 1 0 0 So 123.45610 = 0111 1011.0111 01002 b...
A... AA Auto Answer AAA Authentication, Authorization and Accounting AAB All-to-All Broadcast AAC Advanced Audio Coding AACS Advanced Access Control System AAL Asynchronous Transfer Mode Adaption Layer AAM Automatic Acoustic Management AAP Applications Access Point [DEC] AARP AppleTalk Address Resolution Protocol AAS All-to-All Scatter AASP ASCII Asynchronous Support Package AAT Average Access Time AATP Authorized Academic Training Program [Microsoft] .ABA Address Book Archive (file name extension) [Palm] ABAP Advanced Business Application Programming [SAP] ABC * Atanasoff-Berry Computer (First digital calculating machine that used vacuum tubes) ABEND Abnormal End ABI Application Binary Interface ABIOS Advanced BIOS ABIST Automatic Built-In Self-Test [IBM] ABLE Adaptive Battery Life Extender + Agent Building and Learning Environment [IBM] ABM Asynchronous Balanc...
PREFACE Combined with all the specialty and advantages of the same models from both domestic and abroad, 1P52FMI is one of the newly engines developed by our Co. It is characterized by strong power, low fuel-consumption and low noise as well as popular and fashionable shape. An engine of 1P52FMI will be your best choice. To benefit customers, we carefully compile the PARTS CATALOGUE FOR 1P52FMI ENGINE. Users can easily grasp characteristics of 1P52FMI engine through the illustrations, names, quantities, etc. in the catalogue. Please refer to this book when you order the parts. If any difference in the book from actual engine status, please do as per the real. The copyright of this catalogue belongs to Lifan Industry Group Co., Ltd., any group or individual is forbidden to reprint or copy any item from it. The catalogue is subject to change without noti...
PREFACE Combined with all the specialty and advantages of the same models from both domestic and abroad, 1P52FMI is one of the newly engines developed by our Co. It is characterized by strong power, low fuel-consumption and low noise as well as popular and fashionable shape. An engine of 1P52FMI will be your best choice. To benefit customers, we carefully compile the PARTS CATALOGUE FOR 1P52FMI ENGINE. Users can easily grasp characteristics of 1P52FMI engine through the illustrations, names, quantities, etc. in the catalogue. Please refer to this book when you order the parts. If any difference in the book from actual engine status, please do as per the real. The copyright of this catalogue belongs to Lifan Industry Group Co., Ltd., any group or individual is forbidden to reprint or copy any item from it. The catalogue is subject to change without noti...
[vaata | 1. Füüsikaliste suuruste mõisted, definitsioonid ja ühikud muuda] Voolu töö ja võimsus. Joule-Lenzi seadus. Potentsiaal ja pinge. Elektriväli, suund ja tugevus. Voolu tugevus ja tihedus. Takistus, selle sõltuvus juhi mõõtmetest. Eritakistus. Laeng ja mahtuvus. Induktiivsus. Vooliuallika elektromotoorjõud, lühisvool ja sisetakistus. Voolu töö ja võimsus. Voolu töö on võrdeline voolutugevusega I, pingega U juhi otstel ja ajaga t. [ J ] Võimsus on ajaühikus tehtud töö. [ W ] A p= t Joule-Lenzi seadus. Joule-Lenzi seadus : elektrivoolu toimel juhis eralduv soojushulk Q on võrdeline voolutugevuse I ruuduga, juhi takistusega R ja voolu kestusega t ning ku...
ProDiags Automaatkäigukastid Arvutiprogrammi ülesanded Õpetaja variant http://open.forms.fi/hmv-edu http://www.hmv-systems.fi 2 1. Üldist Automaatkäigukastide liigid Automaatkäigukastid muudavad ülekandearvu ehk käike, nagu nimigi ütleb, automaatselt, ilma autojuhi sekkumiseta. Tänapäeva automaatkäigukaste võib jaotada kolme rühma: · astmeteta ehk CVT variaatorkastid · elektromehaanilise käiguvahetusega käigukastid · hüdraulilise käiguvahetusega ja planetaarülekandega käigukastid Automaatkäigukastide eeliseks on nende kasutamise mugavus ja suurem sõiduohutus. Autojuht väsib vähem ja ülekandearv muutub koos sõidutingimustega. Hüdrotrafo väldib mootori ja jõuülekande ülekoormamise. Automaatkäigukastide puuduseks võib pidada sidurite läbilibisemisest ja lisandunud elektrienergija vajadusest tingitud v...
SISUKORD ENERGY STORY................................................................................................................4 USES OF ENERGY............................................................................................................. 4 2.1 Uses of energy in homes...............................................................................................5 2.2 Types of energy used in homes.................................................................................... 6 2.3 Energy use in different types of homes........................................................................ 6 2.4 Commercial Energy Use...............................................................................................9 2.5 Industrial and Manufacturing Energy Use..................................................................11 2.6 Transportation Energy Use.................................................
Rakenduselektroonika Sisukord Sisukord ....................................................................................................................... 1 1. Võimendid ................................................................................................................ 3 ...
EKSAMIKÜSIMUSED 2005 Sisukord Sisukord............................................................................................................................................1 Arvuti riistvara matemaatilised alused ............................................................................................ 4 Kahendsüsteem............................................................................................................................4 Boole funktsioonid ja nende esitus..............................................................................................4 Diskreetne aeg............................................................................................................................. 4 Lihtsamaid Boole` funktsioone realiseerivad loogikaelemendid.................................................... 5 AND...........................................................
EKSAMIKÜSIMUSED 2005 Sisukord Sisukord ..................................................................................................................................................... 1 Arvuti riistvara matemaatilised alused ...................................................................................................... 4 Kahendsüsteem .............................................................................................................................. 4 Boole funktsioonid ja nende esitus................................................................................................ 4 Diskreetne aeg ............................................................................................................................... 4 Lihtsamaid Boole` funktsioone realiseerivad loogikaelemendid ............................................................. 5 AN...
1 Arvutite komponendid ja arhitektuur Selle teema materjale läbi töötades saad teadmised arvuti riistvarakomponentidest, arvutite arhitektuurist ja protsessori tööpõhimõtetest. 1.1 Arvuti riistvarakomponendid Õpieesmärgid Selle alateema materjale läbi töötades õpid: Määratlema arvutisüsteemi põhilised komponendid ja kirjeldada nende koostööd Tooma välja lihtsa arvutisüsteemi peamised perifeeriaseadmed ja nende parameetrid Eristama põhilisi mälutehnoloogiaid. 1.1.1 Arvutisüsteemi põhikomponendid Personaalarvuti (PC - Personal Computer edaspidi arvuti) on arvutusseade, mis koosneb erinevaid funktsioone täitvatest elektroonikaplokkidest, mis koos funktsioneerides teostavad mingit kasutaja poolt määratud ülesannet. Arvuti on ehituselt modulaarne ja see tähendab, et arvuti erinevaid funktsionaalseid plokke või mooduleid saab vastavalt soovitud kasutusotstarbele erinevalt kombineerida ning nii muuta arvuti funktsion...
Teema 3. Pooljuhtseadised M.Pikkovi ainekava ja konspekti järgsed allteemad (http://www.ttykk.edu.ee/aprogrammid/elektroonika_alused_MP.pdf, lk. 23...41): - Pooljuhtdiood, tema ehitus. Alaldava siirde tekkimise tingimus. Protsessid pooljuhtdioodis. Pooljuhtdioodi kasutamisala, põhiparameetrid (lk 23...26). - Bipolaartransistor, tema ehitus, pingestamine, protsessid transistorstruktuuris (27...30). - Ühise baasiga ja ühise emitteriga lülituse karakteristikud (30...32). - Bipolaarne liittransistor (33). - Väljatransistorid (p-n siirdega, isoleeritud paisuga), nende ehitus, tööpõhimõte, tunnussuurused (34...37). - Türistorid (dinistorid, trinistorid). Suletav türistor. Sümmeetriline türistor. Türistorite kasutamine jõuelektroonikas (38...41). Käesoleva teksti sisujaotus: 3.1 Pooljuhtmaterjalid 3.2 pn-siire 3.2.1 pn-siire välise pinge puudumisel 3.2.2 Päripingestatud pn-siire ...
EESTI MEREAKADEEMIA Laevandusteaduskond TÜÜRIMEES MEREPRAKTIKA ARUANNE Victoria I Praktikakoht 24.04.2007 23.04.2009 Praktika algus ja lõpp Õppegrupp: LL- 41 Juhendas: Rein Raudsalu TALLINN 2009 Retsensioonid 2 Sisukord LAEVA ANDMED, VAHITEENISTUS, LASTIKÄSITLUS, PÜSTUVUS, MEREPRAKTIKA .........................................................................................................................................................5 Üldandmed ..................................................................................................................................5 Joonised .......................................................................................................................................7 Vahitüürimehe vastutus navigatsioonivahis ....................................
Sissejuhatus infotehnoloogiasse 1. Loeng Algoritm on täpne samm-sammuline, kuid mitte tingimata formaalne juhend millegi tegemiseks. Näited: a. Toiduretsept. b. Juhend ruutvõrrandi lahendamiseks Algoritmiline probleem - probleem, mille lahenduse saab kirja panna täidetavate juhendite loeteluna. Programm on formaalses, üheselt mõistetavas keeles kirja pandud algoritm. Arvutid suudavad täita ainult programme. Analoogsüsteem andmeid salvestatakse (peegeldatakse) proportsionaalselt Näit: termomeeter, vinüülplaat, foto Digitaalsüsteem (pidevad) andmed lõhutakse üksikuteks tükkideks, mis salvestatakse eraldi Näit: CD, arvutiprogramm, kiri tähtede ja bittidena Ühelt teisele: digitaliseerimine The three major comparisons of computers are: Electronic computers versus Mechanical computers...
1·1 Chapter 1 Routine maintenance and servicing 1 Contents Air cleaner element renewal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .34 Fuel filter renewal - fuel injection engines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .36 Alternator drivebelt check . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .20 Hinge and lock check and lubrication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .31 Automatic transmission fluid level check . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .27 ...
Uudo Usai ELEKTROONIKA KOMPONENDID Elektroonika alused TPT 1998 ELEKTROONIKAKOMPONEND1D lk.1 SISSEJUHATUS Kaasaegsed elektroonikaseadmed koosnevad väga suurest hulgast elementidest, millest on koostatud vajaliku toimega lülitused. Otstarbe tähtsuselt jagatakse neid elemente põhi-ja abielementideks. Põhielementideks on need, milleta pole lülituste töö võimalik. Abielementideta on lülituste töö küll võimalik, kuid nendest sõltuvad suuresti seadme tarbimisomadused. Põhielemendid jagunevad omakorda passiiv- ja aktiivelementideks. Passiv- elementideks on takistid, kondensaatorid ja induktiivpoolid, aktiivelementideks dioodid, transistorid ja integraallülitused. Abielementideks on pistikud, ümberlülitid, klemmliistud, mitmesugused konstruktsioonelemendid jne. Käeso...
ELEKTROENERGEETIKA INSTITUUT Referaat Taastvad Energiaallikad Esitamise tähtaeg 14.04.2009 Õppejõud: Hannes Agabus Tudeng: Sergei Belosapko Nikita Naumov Tallinn 2009 Contents: 1. Renewable energy 1.1. Costs................................................................................................................... 2 1.2. Potential future utilization..............................................................................4 1.3. Why Don't We Use More Renewable Energy? ...........................................5 2. Energy Types 2.1. Wind Energy.......................................................................................................6 2.1.1. Annual Generation........................................................................................7 2.1.2. ...
Kui te leiate vea siis osutage sellele kommentaariga (“Insert” ->”Comment” või märgi osa sellel parem klõps ning “Comment”). Küsimuste järel on vastamise koht. Vastamisel lisage kindlasti küsimus ja järjekorra number! TUBLID OLETE! :) Kes ütles? Palume autorit! :-) Kuidas kasutada Google Doc-si, õppevideo: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lMqdex3KDQM Rene 1-6 1. Käsu täitmine protsessoris (käsuloendur, käsuregister, käsu dekooder, operatsioon automaat ja juhtautomaat). 2. Arvuti mälu hierarhia. 3. Analoog info, ADC, DAC ja helikaart. 4. Pooljuhtmälud. 5. Konveier protsessoris ja mälus. 6. Virtuaal mälu. TAUSTAVÄRVIGA KÜSIMUSED ON VASTAMATA!!! PIIA 7-12 8. Andmevahetus mikroarvutis (erinevad siinid ja nende osa andmevahetuses, AB, DB, CB). 7. Erinevad siinid ja nende osa andmevahetuses (AB, DB,...
Eesti Hotelli- ja Turismimajanduse Erakool Toitlustusteenindus TT21 Markus-Eerik Mändmets ERINEVAID TAASTUMISVAHENDEID INIMESE TURGUTAMISEKS Referaat esmaabis Õpetaja: Marelle Grünthal-Drell Tallinn 2009 SISUKORD Sisukord...................................................................................................................................... 2 Töö eesmärk................................................................................................................................5 Mineraalainetest eraldi välja: Ca, Mg, Zn, Fe.............................................................................5 Füüsikalised taastumisvahendid..................................................................................................6 Saun...........................................
1. Üldine kommunikatsioonimudel Sõnumi allikas->saatja(allikast info)->edastussüsteem->vastuvõtja->sihtjaam [üheks näiteks võiks olla: Arvuti->modem->ÜKTV->modem->arvuti] sisendinfoAllikas(sisendandmed g(t))->edastaja e. transmitter(edasi saadetud signaal s(t))->edastussüsteem(saadud signaal r(t))->vastuvõtja(väljund andmed g'(t))- >lõppunkti saaväljund informatsioon m' 2. Kommunikatsioonisüsteemi ülesanne • mõistlik kasutamine/koormamine • liidestus(kokku ühendamine. Ntx: võrk+võrk, arvuti+võrk) • Signaalide genereerimine(edastamine)(signaalide ühest süsteemist teise üleviimine) • Sünkroniseerimine [andmeedastuse algust(saatja) ja lõppu(vastuvõtjat)] • Andmeside haldamine • Vigade avastamine ja parandamine(näiteks side mürarikkas keskkonnas) • Voojuhtimine (vastuvõtja saab pakette vastu võtta kindla kiirusega->on vaja ...
INTENSIIVKURSUS ”TOOTMISE AUTOMATISEERIMINE” Intensiivkursus kuulub projekti: „Energia- ja geotehnika doktorikool II” tegevuskavasse Ins. Viktor Beldjajev TÄITURMEHHANISMID Loengumaterjalid Tallinn 2010 Sisukord Tähistused ................................................................................................................................. 5 1. Sissejuhatus ........................................................................................................................... 6 2. Täiturmehhanismide olemus ............................................................................................... 7 2.1. Täiturmehhanismide klassifikatsioon .................................................................................. 7 2.2. Automaatsüsteem ....
ELEKTROONIKA ALUSED Elektroonikaseadmete koostaja erialale 2007 SISUKORD ........................................................................................................................................... 24 I...................................................................................................................................... 25 U2.................................................................................................................................. 25 ........................................................................................................................................... 25 VD2................................................................................................................................ 25 ...
ELEKTROONIKA ALUSED Elektroonikaseadmete koostaja erialale 2007 SISUKORD 1. POOLJUHTIDE OMADUSI............................................................................................................................................3 1.1.Üldist..........................................................................................................................................................................3 1.2. Elektrijuhtivus pooljuhtides......................................................................................................................................3 1.3.P-N-siire ja tema alaldav toime (The P-N Junction) .................................................................................................6 1.4. P-N siirde omaduste sõltuvus temperatuurist (Temperature Effects) ......................................................................8 1.5. P-N-siirde omaduste sõl...
1. (a) (i) gene length of DNA; codes for a (specific), polypeptide / protein / RNA; max 1 allele alternative form of a gene; found at a, locus / particular position on, a chromosome; max 1 (ii) assume allele refers to coat colour allele (coat colour) gene / alleles, only on X chromosome; A no (coat colour), gene / allele, on Y chromosome male cats, XY / only have one X chromosome; males have only one (coat colour) allele / cannot have two (coat colour) alleles; need black and orange alleles for tortoiseshell colour; 2 r r w w (b) parental genotypes C C × C C ; r w ...
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