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Mikrokontrollerid ja robootika homework 2 (0)

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Punktid
 
 
 
Question 1 
Define the  following  ADC  terms
1.  SNR – ( Signal to Noise  Ratio ) SNR is a calculated value  that represents the ratio of RMS 
signal to RMS noise. 
2.  SINAD - (signal-to-noise-and-distortion ratio) Ratio of the RMS signal amplitude to the 
mean  value of the root -sum- square  (RSS) 
3.  ENOB – (effective number of bits ) The effective number-of-bits and relates to SINAD 
4.  THD - ( total harmonic distortion) Ratio of the rms value of the  fundamental  signal to 
the mean value of the RSS of its harmonics. 
5.  SFDR - ( spurious free  dynamic  range) Ratio of the RMS value of the signal to the RMS 
value of the worst spurious signal. 
6.  Channels -  related to the inputs of the ADC can either be multiplexed or individually 
selected. 
7.  Linearity - relates to how a ADC follows a linear function . All ADCs are to a certain 
extend nonlinearity. 
8.   Operating  temperature - measurement, which in optimal state for ADC-s, lets 
them  function correctly. 
9.   Power  dissipation - refers to the  amount  power dissipated when the ADC is 
operating. 
 
 
Question 2 
 
An 8 bit ADC has a  reference   voltage  of 5V. What is the  digital  output 
code  word for an input of 1.2V? What is the voltage range 
corresponding to 1 LSB? 
1,2𝑉
= 61 ; 61 = 001111012 
0,0195𝑉
Digital output code for an input of 1.2V is 001111012. 
Voltage range corresponding to 1 LSB is U= 0,0195V. 
Question 3 
 
A 15 bit ADC has a reference voltage of 10V. What is the digital 
output code word for an input of 6.83V? 
 
15 bit = 32768 
10V/ 32768 = 0,0003 V 
6,83V / 0,0003 = 22767         22767 = 01011000 111011112 
 
 
Question 4 
 
What is the value of the quantization error  between an input voltage of 
2.3V and quantized voltage with the output code word equal to 
011101012 using an 8 bit ADC with 5V reference? 
 
011101012 = 117 
Correspond to 5V * 117/256 = 2.2852V 
Error = 2,3V – 2.2852 = 0,0148V
Question 5 
 

A digital multimeter is designed to have a readout with four decimal 
digits. How many bits will be required in its ADC? 
 
MAX = 9999 
213 = 8192    214 = 16384 (too many digits) 
13 Bit will be required in ts ADC. 
 
Question 6 
 
Draw  a  circuit  diagram of a 2 bit  flash  ADC using only resistors, 
comparators and  NAND  gates. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Question 7 
Given the following  dual - slope  ADC: 
 
 
 
 
 
a)  How long would it take for this ADC to  complete  the run-up 
phase? 
𝑅𝐶
𝑡𝑢𝑝 =   −
  ∙ 𝑉
𝑉
𝑜𝑢𝑡 =   −400𝜇𝑠  
𝑖𝑛
The run-up phase  takes  400 μs. 
b)  How long would it take for this ADC to complete the run-down 
phase? 
𝑡𝑑𝑜𝑤𝑛 =   (𝑉𝑖𝑛  ∙ 𝑡𝑢𝑝)/ −𝑉𝑟𝑒𝑓 = 0,001 = 1𝑚𝑠  
The run-down phase takes 1 ms.
Question 8 
What is the typical performance in terms of THD at a frequency  of 500 kHz of: 
 
a)  MAX1200  pipeline  ADC. -85dB 
b)  MAX1201 pipeline ADC. -85dB 
c)  MAX1205 pipeline ADC. -84dB 
 
 
Question 9 
Name two  disadvantages  of: 
a)  Flash ADC -  expensive , high power consumption 
b)  SAR ADC -  speed  is limited,  needs  anti-aliasing filter 
c)  Dual-slope ADC - slow  conversion, expensive external components required (high 
accuary components) 
a)  Sigma  Delta  ADC -multibit ADC and multibit feedback DAC –  higher   order  
 
 
Question 10 
Find the following for the  built -in ADC in the PIC18F45K20: 
a)  Architecture  - SAR(Succesive Approximation  Register
b)  Differential linearity - +- 0.4 LSB 
c)  Minimum acquisition time – 1.4ms 
d)  Minimum conversion time – 8.4 𝜇𝑠 
 
 
Question 11 
A 10 bit DAC has a reference voltage of 5.12V. What is the output 
voltage for a  binary  input code of 11000100012? 
 
11000100012 = 785 
210 = 1024 
(5.12/ 1024) * 785 = 3.925V 
 
Output voltage = 3.925V
Question 12 
A 12 bit DAC has a reference voltage of 10V. What is the output 
voltage for a binary input code of 1001001001002? 
 
1001001001002 =  2340  
212 = 4096 
(10 / 4096) * 2340 = 5.71 V 
 
Output voltage = 5,71 V 
 
Question 13 
What is the resolution of a 16-Bit DAC? 
 
216 = 65536 
Question 14 
Name 5 characteristics of DAC’s. 
 
1.   Gain  error 
2.  Offset error 
3.  Resolution 
4.  Monotonicity 
5.  Accurary(relative) 
Question 15 
For the following 3-Bit DAC,  analyse  the circuit to verify its  operation  
for the following input combinations. (Assume VR=5V). 
a)S2S1S0=0102   Output voltage = 1.25 V  
b)S2S1S0=1012     Output voltage = 3,125 V   
c)S2S1S0=0112   Output voltage = 1.875 V 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Question 16 
 
Pulse- Width   Modulation  (PWM)  is  a   commonly   used  technique 
for  controlling  power to inertial electrical  devices  and DC motors. 
The  PWM  switching  frequency  has  to  be  much  faster   than   what 
would affect the load  on DC motors. 
 
1. Draw  the   motor   current  and  the  motor  voltage   characteristic  
during the operation with a  constant  PWM signal of 50% duty 
cycle
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
2. Recommend  the   suitable   range  of  frequency  for  this  PWM 
applied  in  microcontrollers.  Analyze  the  advantages  and 
disadvantages of PWM systems. 
 
The frequency should be about 30kHz, voltage 5V. 
 
The advantages of PWM systems: 
Very high efficiency (not much heat  produced) 
Relatively  cheap  
Makes the motor run smoother 
 
The disadvantages of PWM systems: 
PWM circuits are complicated 
Sensitive to electromagnetics and  could  interfere with radio  signals , cause vibration 
frequencies, which cause noises. 
Vasakule Paremale
Mikrokontrollerid ja robootika homework 2 #1 Mikrokontrollerid ja robootika homework 2 #2 Mikrokontrollerid ja robootika homework 2 #3 Mikrokontrollerid ja robootika homework 2 #4 Mikrokontrollerid ja robootika homework 2 #5 Mikrokontrollerid ja robootika homework 2 #6 Mikrokontrollerid ja robootika homework 2 #7
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