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Read Chapter_5_Output_Control_Methods.pdf 
 
 
Question 1 (10 marks
 
Draw a PID  control  scheme and write down an equation to describe the PID 
control.  Compare  the  differences  between  the  “ bang -bang“  control  and 
proportional   control.  What  are  the  functions  of     Integral   and  Derivative 
terms in the PID equation. 
 
Solution
Draw a PID control system
: (Figure 5.5, page 111) 
 
 
Write down an equation to describe the PID control: (page 111) 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Compare the differences and the advantages between the “bang-bang“ 
control and Proportional control
: (page 105) 
 
“Bang-Bang“ control or ON-OFF control is the simplest control system. It 
turns ON when the system needs more INPUT and tuns OFF if the system 
doesn’t need INPUT any more. The INPUT is similar to the PWM square 
wave (running ON and OFF during the length of the needed INPUT). 
 
Bang-Bang control is similar to the PWM input signal 
 
Proportional control
 
 
Bang-Bang control and Proportional control 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
So that: 
ON-Off Control: When  error = 0,  turn  OFF, when error  ≠ 0, turn ON ( Gain  
not changed
). 
Proportional Control: Output = G x e. If e great -> G great, e small -> G 
small (Gain changes upon the value of error, so better). 
 
Functions of  Integral and Derivative terms in the PID equation: (page 
113-114) 
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