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Eesti rahvapillid (0)

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Punktid
Estonian traditional musical instruments
Musical instruments and music making are inseparable from cultural tradition . A musical instrument developed musical capacities of children as a sonic toy. It served hunters and herdsmen as a vital tool , that affected the catch or well-being of the village herd. It was often used to signal information. Making music provides a human being feelings of relaxation and aesthetic enjoyment. Musical instruments have accompanied important ritual practices but provided also music for dance .
Estonian ethnomusicologist Herbert Tampere (1909-1975) categorised musical instruments according to their function into two main groups:
1) traditional instruments - instruments created by the folk, and instruments of professional origin that people use traditionally while developing them spontaneously (e.g. kannel , bagpipe, mouth harp );
2) popular instruments - instruments of professional music that have entered folk tradition, that is factory productions not evolved the people (e.g. violin, quitar).
Categories of instruments used in Estonian traditional music:
  • wind instruments
  • stringed instruments
  • bellows instruments
  • percussion instruments

WIND INSTRUMENTS
This is the largest group of estonian traditional musical instruments
Traditional Estonian wind instruments are further grouped according to sound production principle:
    • flute type wind instruments

willow bark and pine shoot
    • clarinet type wind instruments

Reed pipe was developed into the most popular Estonian wind instrument , the bagpipe.
This instrument spread in Estonia probably already in the 14th century . The first written records date from the 16th century
Bagpipes played at festivities, but also at other gatherings. Based on written records, bagpipe music was used to cheer up tired workers in the fields.
    • trumpet type wind instruments

Herdsman's horns and trumpets were sounded in taking the cattle grazing in the morning and returning home in the evening . The large herdsman's trumpet karjapasun (up to 2 metres in length) was his tool and boys were not allowed to touch it.
Herding boys had smaller trumpets and horns. They signalled information to each other and warded off wild beasts= animals
STRINGED INSTRUMENTS
Kannel
Kannel is the oldest known instrument in Estonia. It is believed to have been around for about two thousand years . Such an instrument is common to cultures of the Baltic Finns, the Balts and the northwestern Russians.
Fiddle(viiul)
Violin reached Estonian towns in the 17th century. In the 18th century fiddle music spread also among peasants.(talupoegade keskel)
Psalmodikon(moldpill)
This is a relatively new instrument, dating from 1829 in Sweden .
The instrument spread widely in Lutheran regions to accompany spiritual music, including also Estonian peasants
Bumbass (põispill)
Bumbass (bladder-and-string) is a primitive stringed instrument that was used at wedding festivities as a joke.
Guitar and Mandolin
Guitar ( kitarr ) and mandolin (mandoliin) spread among the folk in the early 20th century. They became popular first with spiritual, but also with sentimental secular music making. Their peak fell on the 1920s and 30s. Guitar continues to be popular also today .
BELLOWS INSTRUMENTS
Estonian bellows(Eesti lõõts)
First accordions reached Estonia quickly through sailors and merchants. Soon local masters began to make these instruments, the most famous among them was August Teppo (1875- 1959 ) of Võrumaa. He set a type that was copied by others. Teppo's lõõts had great volume, they lasted long and had copper ornaments. Particularly good were Teppo's strings . This lõõts has chords only in major .
Teppo type instruments are called eesti lõõts or võru lõõts, or Teppo lõõts. This instrument is still very popular in Estonia, played by various age groups. Lõõts is taught also at traditional music instruction camps, at various schools and in college.
Libliklõõts
Accordions made in Russian factories also spread widely in Estonia. Most valued were instruments made in St Petersburg that local masters started to copy , providing also butterfly ( liblikas ) ornaments that inspired the name liblikapill.
Akordion
These modern accordions (called akordion in Estonian) were first introduced in the 1920s by sailors who bought them in Finland , Sweden or Germany . On the right are keys for the melody and on the left are buttons for base and chords.
PERCUSSION INSTRUMENTS
  • A wooden gong (lokulaud) used for signals to call workers home, gather people or inform about accidents.
  • Also (käristi) rattle was practical instrument used by herders to ward off wild beasts during the day from the cattle or during the night watch from oxen and horses .

Heliraud was basically a triangle or metal ring beat with a metal beater, and sometimes used in making music.
  • jew's harp is not directly a percussion instrument but its principle is similar, as the sound is generated by the rigid quality of the material .

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