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Punktid
Report
A report is based on facts/data etc. The writer knows more than the reader. The reader needs the information. A report should be clear and easy to follow. The person who reads it should find the information quickly.
THINK: why you are writing the report, why the reader needs your report and what she might be interested in. Think about the best way to present the facts.
If it’s a report of events (e.g. a traffic accident ), describe them in chronological order .
It should NOT be written like a letter ! NO salutation/ sign -off.
Impersonal style ( PASSIVE !), unless you make suggestions or give personal opinion – then you can use “I”. Formal language –no contractions, slang, etc.
You can use the following format at the beginning of the report:
To:
From: (DO NOT write your own name. A member of the student committee etc. is fine)
Subject :
Basic structure 200 (+/- 10%)
Aim of the report
Status of the writer (who you are – not your name – to write the report given in the task )
Source of the information that the report is based on a survey , state when and by whom the survey was carried out.
Each paragraph presents new facts that are supported by evidence.
Present the facts in a logical, organized way. Use subheadings, if you prefer , to make it clearer. Group similar points under headings.
Don’t include too many points in the report: choose 3-4 major points and develop them fully.
According to the report type, either make recommendation or assessment /state the final result/give comments.
If you are asked to give your opinion, do so in the conclusion.
Different report types and their outlines
  • Analyzing a survey
Introduction – aim, status, source
Main body – information summarized under suitable sub-headings
Conclusion – recommendations or general conclusion made
Style: formal, with sub-headings
Either: state the fact and make a generalization (e.g. 64% of the population now holiday abroad. This suggests/implies/indicates that people are generally better off than they were ten years ago)
OR
Make a generalization and then state the facts (e.g. People are generally better off than they were ten years ago. This is illustrated/demonstrated/indicated/shown by the fact that 64% of the population how holiday abroad.)
Introduction – aim, status, source
Main body – summary of each point, giving both negative and positive aspects
Conclusion – general assessment and recommendation
Style: formal, sub-headings
Useful language:
To make contrasting points: However , although, despite, but, while , even, though, in spite of, nevertheless, yet….
To express difference between appearance and reality : It may seem , on the surface, apparently, on the face of it, at first sight
Useful vocabulary
To introduce:
The aim/ purpose of this report is(to describe/advise/recommend)…
The reason for this report is…
This report was written/carried out…
This report describes…
This report looks at…
The aim of this report is to outline the results of a survey which was carried out…
It is based on… 500 people were surveyed. This report was administered by…
What is it based on - opinion poll , survey etc. bar chart , pie chart etc.
To generalize: overall, generally speaking, on the whole , as a rule, as a general rule
To describe results of surveys: one in tree… eight out of ten… eighty per cent … 80% are
Or expressions : the majority , a minority, a largest proportion, a significant/substantial number of, a small number of, by far the largest proportion, 25% of the people questioned/surveyed… 68% of those who filled in the questionnaire…
To refer of a fact: the fact of the matter is that… The fact is that… as expected … in reality… in practice … is shown by the fact that… is indicated… is demonstrated… is illustrated… …is exemplified…
To introduce other people’s opinions : people often argue /claim… There are people who consider /believe…
To conclude: ( usually you have to recommend or predict sth) Taking everything into account / consideration … To conclude… To sum up… To summarize… In short… All points considered, some improvements evidently need to be made… ( Perhaps ) it is/would be advisable for..to (do)… (Perhaps)…should/might consider + -ing, It is recommended that…
Reporting verbs can be used to make an account more interesting : claim, mention , refuse, offer , request, advise, etc.
More vocabulary: increase remarkably/significantly, Fluctuates, follows upward/downward trend, 7 out of 10, those who were questioned/surveyed, decreases by 10 per cent, seventy per cent of those questioned had no complaints… a large number (majority) who participated in the survey stated that… this is illustrated by the fact that… The diagram suggests that… according to… As might be (have been) predicted… Predictably… Surprisingly… Strangely… Oddly… Interestingly… In general… On the whole…
Report #1 Report #2 Report #3
Punktid Tasuta Faili alla laadimine on tasuta
Leheküljed ~ 3 lehte Lehekülgede arv dokumendis
Aeg2015-10-22 Kuupäev, millal dokument üles laeti
Allalaadimisi 26 laadimist Kokku alla laetud
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