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Gröönimaast - kokkuvõte (0)

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GRÖÖNIMAA


Nimi
Gröönimaa (taani k. Grønland, grööni k. Kalaallit Nunaat)
Pindala:
2 166 086 km² (81% kaetud jääga, 410 449 km² jäävaba)
Rahvaarv:
56 648 elanikku (01.01.2007.a.)
Rahvastiku tihedus
0,03 inimest/km2, 0,14inimest/km2 jäävabal alal
Ametlik keel:
taani keel ja eskimo innuttuti murre (grööni keel)
Riigikord :
laiaulatusliku autonoomiaga parlamentaarne demokraatia konstitutsioonilise monarhia raames
Riigipea:
Taani kuninganna Margrethe II
Valitsusjuht
Peaminister Hans Enoksen (alates 14.12.2002.a.)
Pealinn:
Nuuk (Godthåb), 15 047 elanikku
Rahaühik:
Taani kroon
Loomastik
Kõikjal Gröönimaa jäävabadel aladel leidub elu. Maismaaimetajaid on Gröönimaal 9 liiki: hunt, põhjapõder, kärp, ahm, lemming , jänes, jääkaru,jne. Lisaks neile võib Lõuna-Gröönimaal kokku joosta ära karanud metsistunud lammastega. Vees elavaid imetajaid on 21 liiki: 15 vaalalist ja 6 liiki hülgeid. Gröönimaal on märgatud 235 erinevat linnuliiki, kellest ca. 60 pesitseb gröönimaal ja ligi 30 talvitub seal. Gröönimaa vetes ujub umbes 225 kalaliiki, osa järvedes ja jõgedes, osa meres. Piisavalt on ka erinevaid putukaliike.
Kuna meie ekspeditsioon kulgeb valdavalt mööda mandrijääd, ei kohta me loodetavasti rannikuil toitu jahtivat jääkaru. Samas loodame ekspeditsiooni lõpuosas saada osa Gröönimaa elusloodusest ja ehk õnnestub kohata mõnda põtra või muud looma.
http://www.greenland-guide.gl/animal_life.ht m ehk siis loomade pildid ja txt
In Greenland whale watching can be enjoyed from the streets or even from your hotel room . During the late summer and early autumn whales swim close to the coast and are sometimes seen in the harbours. But of course the best way to spot these huge mammals is at sea. Whale-watching tours are offered in several towns in Greenland. When you sail along the coast on a passenger ship , the captain will often notify you when whales are close.
There are many different species of whales in Greenlandic waters including the two largest, the blue whale and the fin whale. Humpback whales, minke whales, narwhales, beluga or white whales, sperm whales, pilot whales and Greenland whales are among the other species here .
At sea you'll also see seals. An estimated two million seals live in Greenlandic waters. Walruses are primarily seen in north and east Greenland.
Your first encounter with large animals in Greenland usually takes place very soon after arrival. More than 3,000 musk oxen live in the area around Kangerlussuaq Airport and some of them can be seen in the immediate surroundings. A one- hour guided tour of the area will most likely include an encounter with these large, sedate animals.
Reindeer live all over the ice-free parts of Greenland, and you may be lucky to see a herd. Reindeer hide is very insulating, and if you decide to go on a dog- sledge tour you will have the chance to dress in clothes made from reindeer hide.
Polar bears live predominantly in north and east Greenland but also come to south Greenland, drifting on the field ice. Encounters with polar bears are extremely rare except in north and east Greenland and no precautions are necessary outside these regions.
The northeastern part of Greenland is a protected national park. With a size larger than England and France put together, it's the largest national park in the world. Polar bears, walruses, reindeer, musk oxen and a growing stock of wolves live here along with smaller animals and many bird species.
Taimestik
Nii nagu loomi, leidub ka taimi kõikjail jäävabadel aladel. Taimestik on kidur ja kasvab aeglaselt. Vaatamata tehtud pingutustele leidub puid vaid mõnes üksikus soojemas kohas Lõuna-Gröönimaal. Ka vili ei jõua neis arktilistes tingimustes valmida. Peamiselt koosneb taimestik madalast tundra - ja kaljutaimestikust nagu samblad, samblikud , kanarbikud, sõnajalad, kellukad, orhideed jne.
Alates aastast 1933 kuulub Gröönimaa, vastavalt Haagis sõlmitud kokkuleppele, Taani Kuningriigile. Alates sellest ajast on Gröönimaa autonoomsus pidevalt suurenenud.
Tegevused/ turism
http://www.greenland-guide.gl/ice_snow.ht m
http://www.greenland-guide.gl/outdoor_life.ht m
http://www.greenland-guide.gl/
Keskkonnaprobleemid
Inimtegevusest (peamiselt fossiilsete kütuste kasutamisest) tingutud kliimamuutuste tagajärjed saavad üha enam ilmsiks ning kliimamuutused saavad ka peamiseks keskkonnapõgenike tekke põhjuseks. Kliima soojenedes kiireneb Gröönimaa ja Antarktika jääväljade ning liustike sulamine , mis kergitab maailmamere taset. Paljud madalad rannikualad ja terved saareriigid hakkavad jääma vee alla ning miljonid inimesed on sunnitud uut elukohta otsima . Samas aga tõstab Gröönimaa jääkatte sulamine merepinda 0,2 mm aastas. Risto Isomäki ökopõnevik “Sarasvati liiv” kirjeldab, kuidas hukkus veeuputuses tegelik Atlantis ning tekib uus üleilmne veeuputus. Atlantis asus India veerel, aga uus uputus tekib Gröönimaa jääliustike vettekukkumise tagajärjel. Hamburg täitub veega, nii et vaid kõrghoonete antennid ulatuvad sealt välja. 1984. aastal ühines Eesti Põhja-Euroopa ja Gröönimaa merikotka kaitse programmiga.
LISA:
Valdavalt elavad siinsetel aladel ka saare taimtoidulised loomad, kellest levinumad on Põhja- Ameerikast pärit musksusveis ja karibu.
Gröönimaal elutsevad ka väike näriline lemming, valgejänes, kärp, polaarrebane ning loomulikult ka jääkaru.
Gröönimaast - kokkuvõte #1 Gröönimaast - kokkuvõte #2 Gröönimaast - kokkuvõte #3 Gröönimaast - kokkuvõte #4
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