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GLOBAL WARMING
Global warming is the observed century - scale rise in the average temperature of Earth's climate system. Since 1971 , 90% of the increased energy has been stored in the oceans, mostly in the 0 to 700m region. Despite the oceans' dominant role in energy storage , the term "global warming" is also used to refer to increases in average temperature of the air and sea at Earth's surface.
Since the early 20th century, the global air and sea surface temperature has increased about 0.8 °C (1.4 °F), with about two-thirds of the increase occurring since 1980.Each of the last three decades has been successively warmer at the Earth's surface than any preceding decade since 1850.
More than 90% certain that most of global warming was being caused by increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases produced by human activities .In 2010 that finding was recognized by the national science academies of all major industrialized nations.
Affirming these findings in 2013, the IPCC stated that the largest driver of global warming is carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from fossil fuel combustion , cement production , and land use changes such as deforestation .
Its 2013 report states :Human influence has been detected in warming of the atmosphere and the ocean , in changes in the global water cycle , in reductions in snow and ice, in global mean sea level rise, and in changes in some climate extremes.

Initial causes of temperature changes

Greenhouse gases

The greenhouse effect is the process by which absorption and emission of infrared radiation by gases in a planet 's atmosphere warm its lower atmosphere and surface. It was proposed by Joseph Fourier in 1824, discovered in 1860 by John Tyndall, was first investigated quantitatively by Svante Arrhenius in 1896, and was developed in the 1930s through 1960s by Guy Stewart Callendar.

Solar activity

Since 1978, output from the Sun has been precisely measured by satellites.
These measurements indicate that the Sun's output has not increased since 1978, so the warming during the past 30 years cannot be attributed to an increase in solar energy reaching the Earth . The graphs show otherwise.

Effects of global warming on oceans

Global warming can affect sea levels, coastlines, ocean acidification, ocean currents, seawater, sea surface temperatures, tides, the sea floor , weather , and trigger several changes in ocean bio-geochemistry; all of these affect the functioning of a society.

Impacts on society

The rise in sea level along coastal regions carries implications for a wide range of habitats and inhabitants. Firstly, rising sea levels will have a serious impact on beaches — a place which humans love to visit recreationally and a prime location for real estate. It is ideal to live on the coast, due to a more moderate climate and pleasant scenery, but beachfront property is at risk from eroding land and rising sea levels.
Since the threat posed by rising sea levels has become more prominent , property owners and local government have taken measures to prepare for the worst.
Additionally, many coastal states add sand to their beaches to offset shore erosion, and many property owners have elevated their structures in low- lying areas . As a result of the erosion and ruin of properties by large storms on coastal lands, governments have looked into buying land and having residents relocate further inland.
How to help prevent global warming

GREEN JOBS AND CLEAN ENERGY

Choose renewable energy. Pick a Green-e-certified energy supplier that generates at least half of its power from wind, solar energy and other clean sources . If you don't have that option , look at your current electricity bill to see if you are able to support renewable energy in another way.

DRIVE SMARTER CARS

Choose an efficient vehicle: High-mileage cars such as hybrids and plug-in hybrids use less gas and save money . Over its lifetime , a 40-mpg car will save roughly $3,000 in fuel costs compared with a 20-mpg car. Compare fuel economy performance  before you buy.
Drive smart. If all Americans kept their tires properly inflated, gasoline use nationwide would come down 2 percent . A tune-up could boost your miles per gallon anywhere from 4 to 40 percent, and a new air filter could get you 10 percent more miles per gallon. Learn more about saving fuel and money through proper car maintenance .

GREEN HOMES AND BUILDINGS

Weatherize your home or apartment . Heating and cooling consume about 40 percent of energy in the home. Sealing drafts and making sure that your home has adequate insulation are two easy ways to become more energy-efficient.