Every year, more and more animals are facing extinction. In order to protect endangered species, what can we about this problem? One way of solving the problem is to protect wildlife habitats as the best way to protect endangered species is to protect the places they live in. In addition to this, wildlife must have a place to find food and shelter from the weather. Logging, oil and gas drilling, over-grazing and real estate development have all resulted in the destruction of these habitats, which must be minimized as much as possible. Another way to solve the problem is to stop buying products that are made from animal skin. The lack of demand would result in hunters being unable to continue their business. Finally, it is important to pay attention when driving. One of the problems in developed areas is that roads divide habitats, meaning they are a constant hazard to not only themselves, but to the people driving on those roads as well. So when
· Different campaigns Situation Reason Consequences Suggestions for solutions Areas disappearing under *Trees cut down- soil erosion *Wild animals loose their *Make more limitations for water (small islands) and fertility habitats and drown also people deforestation. *Greenhouse effect. loose their houses. * Change ignorant attitude to Small islands don't pollute the our surroundings. Earth so much than continents. * Entered sunlight can't get out
„Birds of Estonia“ E. Leibak, V. Lilleleht, H. Veromann Nimi Eesti Maaülikool, Tartu 2014 Introduction: v Bird protection in Estonia v Bird habitats of Estonia v Examples of Estonian birds • Grasshopper Warbler • Brambling • Common Kingfisher Bird protection in Estonia: v The first bird sanctuary Vaika, 1910 v The first Nature Conservation Act in Estonia, 1935 v Estonian Red Data Book v Protection nowadays v Bird habitats of Estonia: v Estonian climate v More than 1400 lakes v Estonian rivers v Estonian islands v Forests v Natural or seminatural grasslands Grasshopper Warbler (võsa- ritsiklind):
Erinevate soode tüüpide võrdlus Aabasoo e. Kühmsoo e. palsad Vaipsoo peenarsood Levik Ta on tüüpiline Ta on iseloomulik Väga niiskes merelises taigavööni põhjaosale. metsatundravööndile. parasvöötmes nagu Nende peamine Iiri- ja Šotimaal on levikuala on levinud vaipsood, mis Skandinaavia mäestik, katavad ühtlase kihina Kesk-Soome, Karjala kogu maastikku. ja Põhja-Siber. Asend Aabasoo on laiade Künkliku pinnaga soo, Vaipsood hõlmavad älveste ja kitsaste kus turbast küngaste ...
Also, the habitat of the tortoises has been eaten away by goats introduced from the mainland. There have been several attempts to breed the last representative of the species with similar tortoise varieties, but none of the eggs hatched. On the other hand, there is hope for the successful conservation of rare animals. A number of different international organisations have the same goal and work hard to protect both endangered wildlife and natural habitats. a) The World Wildlife Fund (WWF) has been protecting nature for already more than 45 years. WWF works in 100 countries and is supported by 5 million members globally. b) Animal Rescue Facilities provide homes for animals in need. They are not being sold, transferred or used for breeding. Where possible, many animals are placed in habitats together to enrich their lives by sharing their home with others of their kind.
Estonia in 2016? Wind power was consumed in Estonia in 2016 -51.1 TOE ( 2,138.4 terjoule) 7. Alam-Pedja is one of many Natura 2000 sites in Estonia. The EUNIS database contains data about Natura 2000 areas in Estonia and the EU, http://eunis.eea.europa.eu/sites/EE0080374 7.1 How many species of the Nature Directives are protected in Alam-Pedja? It protects 55 species of the Nature Directives 7.2 How many habitat types of the Habitats Directive are protected in Alam-Pedja? It protects 20 habitat types of the Habitats Directive 7.3 Which is the largest habitat type in Alam-Pedja and how many hectares does it cover? The largest habitat tipe is 7110 Active raised bogs, 9718 ha
4. SLOTH BEAR • Found predominantly in India, Nepal, Sri Lanka and Bhutan. • Habitat loss and poaching (salaküttimine) —mainly for the commercial trade in body parts—are the bear's main threats. • And in India sloth bears are captured live and made to perform on the roadside. • The species may have disappeared entirely from 5. ANDEAN BEAR • Also called spectacled (prill) bears. • Andean bears roam (rändama) a variety of types of habitats from Argentina to Panama. • Poaching, agricultural development, and increasing mining (kaevanamine) and oil exploration have threatened the long-term survival of South America's last remaining bear species. 6. POLAR BEAR • Listed as vulnerable (nõrk), the world's largest land carnivore is one of six bear species threatened with extinction. • The polar bear poulation is imperiled (ohustama) by climate change-induced melting of Arctic sea ice, which the bears
A constantly reassessed, scientifically determined, limit on the total number of fish caught and landed by a fishery. Controls on bycatch The use of techniques or management rules to prevent the unintentional killing and disposal of fish, crustaceans (koorikloomad) and other oceanic life not part of the target catch or landed. WHAT CAN WE DO TO HELP? Protection of pristine and important habitats (elupaigad) The key parts in ecosystems need full protection from destructive fisheries Monitoring (seire) and enforcement (kehtestamine) A monitoring system to make sure fishermen do not land more than they are allowed to, do not fish in closed areas and cheat as less as possible WHAT CAN WE DO TO HELP? Be informed Read up a bit on the issues of overfishing, have a look at some articles
Haanja Nature Park Where? When? Located: Võru County, in the Haanja Uplands Area:About 20 000 ha History: 1957- Suur-Munamägi, Vällamägi protection 1997 Haanja landscape reserve was created What are habitats there? Farmhouses are spread far apart Plains of glacial river Plains of glacial lake Small plots of land Poor arable land Morainplains Grasslands Pastures Inhabitants Braun's holly fern Yellow hydrangea Lady's-slipper orchid Hairy Maarja-leaf Animals · Roe · Badger · Boar · Beaver · Fox · Mink · Gray rabbit ·
Bronx Zoo Bronx Zoo The Bronx Zoo is a zoo located in the Bronx, a borough of New York City, within Bronx Park. It is the largest metropolitan zoo in the United States and among the largest in the world. World renowned for its large and diverse animal collection, and its award- winning exhibitions. It comprises 107 ha of park lands and naturalistic habitats, through which the Bronx River flows. The zoo is part of an integrated system of four zoos and one aquarium managed by the Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS), and is accredited by the Association of Zoos and Aquariums(AZA). Tickets Adult $20.65 online 13 & over $22.95 at gate Child $14.35 online 3-12 $15.95 at gate Senior $18.85 online 65 & over $20.95 at gate Child FREE 2 & under Interesting Facts 1. The Bronx Zoo is home to about 4,000 animals
medicine, then why do we keep making money out of it. It is not right to sacrifice endangered species for something that is not useful and just makes the companies money. Saving endangered species like pandas, gorillas and tigers helps reduce poverty and improve the lives of local communities. Ginette Hemley, who is World Wildlife Fund senior vice president has said: "Problems that threaten species like the destruction of habitats and natural resources often contribute to poverty." So with protecting the threatened species, poverty can be reduced. For example, according to the report of World Wildlife Fund, some ecotourism projects based on the observation of species in the wild-such as marine turtles, pandas and mountain gorillas in the wild -generate significant amounts of money for communities. Applying knowledge of species' movements in and across habitats can help implement such sustainable land- use planning
Brazil, officially the Federative Republic of Brazil, is a country in South America. It is the fifth largest country by geographical area, occupying nearly half of South America. Bounded by the Atlantic Ocean on the east, Brazil has a coastline of over 7,491 kilometers. It is bordered on the north by Venezuela, Suriname, Guyana and the overseas department of French Guiana; on the northwest by Colombia; on the west by Bolivia and Peru; on the southwest by Argentina and Paraguay and on the south by Uruguay. Population of Brazil is made up of many racial and ethnic groups. The last National Research for Sample of Domiciles (PNAD) census revealed the following: 49.4% of the population are White, about 93 million; 42.3% are Pardo (brown), about 80 million; 7.4% are Black, about 13 million; 0.5% are Asian, about 1 million; and 0.4% are Amerindian, about 519,000. Most native peoples who live and lived within Brazil's cu...
Wild animals in danger 11.02.2010 Wild animals in Estonia, like in many other places in the world, are in danger. Forest industry, agriculture and other human activities in the nature, as well as pollution, disturb and even endanger the life of wild animals. Firstly, there is a serious habitat problem because, after pollution or destruction, habitats take many years (sometimes hundreds or even thousands) to grow again. Pollution and destruction change the balance of nature. Each species in a habitat (for example, wood, jungle, marsh or forest) needs and helps the rest. As a result, forests are been cutting down. And what has taken the place of these green, natural places? Houses, farms, cities, streets, roads and factories. Because of this (and pollution, too) several species are dying all over the world.
Efficient initiatives to help protect the environment Just like our bodies, the environment functions best when it's in balance. Unfortunately, we're not quite there. Many of us believe that we lead lives that respect nature but our consumption habits give us away. Many little habits that seem to be sustainable are in fact polluting. Along with pollution, issues like depletion of resources, the rise of consumerism, and the "throw away" culture have led to serious issues. That being said, the fight's not over yet. Fortunately, more people than ever are both aware of and active in the protection of the environment. To protect the environment, waste management and recycling are crucial. When we recycle, used materials are converted into new products, reducing the need to consume natural resources. If used materials are not recycled, new products are made by extracting fresh, raw material from the Earth, through mining and forestry. R...
It is the secondmost populous country with over 1.2 billion people which is about 17% of the world's population. The unemployment rate of India is 10.4%and many people live in poverty. The offical languages are Hindi and English. India is bounded by the Indian Ocean on the south, the Arabian Sea on the south west, and the Bay of Bengal on the southeast. Overwiev of India It is also home to a diversity of wildlife in protected habitats. India is a federation with a parliamentary system. It is the thirdlargest standing army in the world and ranks tenth in military expenditure among nations. The map of India Click to edit Master text styles Second level Third level Fourth level Fifth level India as a part of the British Empire
Nature: Spiders and snakes Noarootsi Gümnaasium Jaanika Rumjantseva 10I Spiders Spiders are Arachinds. They live everywhere in the world. Click to edit Master text styles All spiders have: Second level Third level 1. eight legs Fourth level 2. a spinneret that spins Fifth level silk 3. fangs 4. jaws and teeth but cannot chew Facts about spiders Male spiders use modified appendages Click to edit Master text styles called to mate with females. Second level Males risk being eaten by their female Third level ...
sun under dry conditions – this reaction is normal, and is not necessarily a sign of poor health. This plant is very easy to grow, and it will spread under favorable conditions. This wildflower will adapt to lawns, especially if they are not mowed too often during the spring or cut too low. HABITAT & RANGE The native Common Blue Violet occurs in every county in Illinois and it is very common (see Distribution Map). Natural habitats include moist to mesic black soil prairies, open woodlands, woodland edges, savannas, and wooded slopes along rivers or lakes. Indeveloped areas, it can be found in lawns, city parks, moist waste areas, and along hedges or buildings. Sometimes the Common Blue Violet is grown in flower gardens. Varieties of blue violets PHOTOGRAPHIC LOCATION The photographs were taken at the webmaster's wildflower garden in Urbana, Illinois, Crystal Lake Park of the same city,
It all depends on the environmental consciousness of farm owners. Many tend to discharge wastewater directly into rivers, wastewater treatment is expensive.” Kathryn Arnold, at the University of York, who has been researching reasons of wildlife decline said: “With thousands of antibiotics in use globally, they have the potential to have potent effects on wildlife and ecosystems.” Research published in 2014 revealed that in the last 40 years, in freshwater habitats, where drug residues are most commonly found, the research found 75% of fish and amphibians had been lost. That shows clearly the harmful effect of the antibiotics to aquatic animals. In my opinion, the authors have succeeded with their articles. Firstly, I really liked that all of the articles had specific statistics and I appreciate it. Secondly, all the examples were apposite and points were clear. I personally find the topic very actual and the problems need even more attention. Articles:
of species of sea animals. The marine life is a large resource that offers tourism, research and recreation for many countries across the globe. Marine life helps to determine the very nature of our planet. All the Deep Sea Animals along with other organisms such as algae and corals contribute to the oxygen cycle and regulate our earth's climate, this is why the marine ecosystem is considered to be very delicate and it needs to be protected. All these animals live in saltwater habitats. They live in or near rock pools, the ocean, beaches, mangroves and sand dunes. Deep sea plants Deep sea plants provide food, vegetation for other inhabitants by offering a favorable environment for microfauna and other sea organisms to develop. The microfauna are eaten by fish and other sea inhabitants. Phytoplankton-Deep sea plant that are growing in the experimental mesocosms. Under the microscope they are not much to look at look like small blobs. They grow rapidly, each cell
14. Transition mires and quaking bogs 15. Depressions on peat substrates of the Rhynchosporion 16. Alkaline fens 17. Western Taïga 18. Fennoscandian herb-rich forests with Picea abies 19. Coniferous forests on, or connected to, glaciofluvial eskers 20. Fennoscandian deciduous swamp woods 21. Bog woodland 22. Alluvial forests with Alnus glutinosa and Fraxinus excelsior (Alno-Padion, Alnion incanae, Salicion albae) 7.2 Choose one of the habitats listed in Karula National Park and find out its conservation status in Estonia according to the 2007-2012 assessment Choosed Cypripedium calceolus, its conservation status according to the 2007-2012 assessment is ,,unfavourable-indequate".
Urban Forestry Gene W.Grey Frederick J.Deneke Ants Nokkur Metsandus I Content Introduction Early history History Distribution Composition Popular species Benefits Planting trees Conclusion Introduction Ø An urban forest is a forest or a collection of trees that grow within a city, town or a suburb. Ø Urban forests plays an important role in ecology of human habitats in many ways: they filter air, water, sunlight, provide shelter to animals and recreational area for people. They moderate local climate and slowing wind. History of Urban Forestry Early History Ø Trees have been esthetically important to people since the earliest civilization. Ø Botanical gardens began to evolve during the Middle Ages. Ø The first recording of term ,,arborist". Ø Freely planted trees in London
in the Baltic Sea The acknowledgement for need of marine protected areas (MPA) has lead to an increasing expansion of the latter. It has been noted that individual MPA's can not conserve biodiversity in the long run. Hence the need for MPA networks that connects the established and new protected areas is essential. MPA networks can ensure better biodiversity and habitat protection. The scope of marine protected areas depends on the specific goals, species and habitats that need protection. Unambigiously determined MPA size does not exist. When designing a protected area, it is important to take into consideration the species specific repercussions to abandonment of habitats and fragmentation, with habitat composition of species. Reasearch indicate that the diversity of communities and average size of organisms among protected areas are 20-30% greater than in the areas that are not under protection
in wildlife. Loss of Biodiversity and Extinctions · It is feared that human activity is causing massive extinctions. From various animal species, forests and the ecosystems that forests support, marine life. · The costs associated with deteriorating or vanishing ecosystems will be high. · However, sustainable development and consumption would help avert ecological problems. Nature and Animal Conservation · Preserving species and their habitats is important for ecosystems to self sustain themselves. · Yet, the pressures to destroy habitat for logging, illegal hunting, and other challenges are making conservation a struggle. Climate Change Affects Biodiversity · The World Resources Institute reports that there is a link between biodiversity and climate change. Rapid global warming can affect an ecosystems chances to adapt naturally. What have governments around the world been trying to do about it?
Commonwealth of Australia, since Federation, Australia has maintaned a stable liberal democratic political system. The population of 22,7 million is highly urbanised and heavily concentrated in eastern states due to geography and climate. A highly developed country, Australia is the world's 12th largest economy and has the world's fifthhighest per capita income. Enviroment. Although most of Australia is semiarid or desert, it includes a diverse range of habitats from alpine heaths to tropical rainforests. Australian forests are mostly made up of evergreen species, particularly eucalyptus trees in the less arid regions, wattles replace them in drier regions and deserts as the most dominant species. Among wellknown Australian fauna are the monotremes (the platypus and echidna); a host of marsupials, including the kangaroo, koala, and wombat, and birds such as the emu and the kookaburra.
Causes: *The main cause of animal extinction, without doubt,is human demand, either for animal resources directly, or for the natural resources of the animals' habitats. *In addition to that, there are other indirect causes caused by human activities. *Habitat loss: Is considered to be the main cause for animal extinction. Humans are clearing our forests for wood and timber. The foodchain is disturbed and animals will die. *Wildlife trade: Poaching and wildlife trade are another common threat to animals. International wildlife trade has also been linked to drugs trade. The most common anilmal trade is pet trade, such as orangutangs
In Matsalu you are most likely to run into a moose Click to edit Master text styles Second level Third level Fourth level Fifth level Pink Lady's Slipper The semi-natural habitats Click to edit Master text styles here include biologically Second level Third level diverse wooded meadows, Fourth level where many species of the Fifth level orchid family may be found under oaks and hazelnut trees. more than 20 species of orchids Perennial honesty Click to edit Master text styles Second level
Some scientists believe that the climate will reach a tipping point, a point at which even a tiny additional increase would throw the system into violent change. We started doing harmful things and only now do we realize what we have done and what we are doing. At this current rate by the middle of next century the Earth's temperature may rise a predicted from 2 to 6 degrees Celsius. This may not seem as much but with the Earth's delicate balance we will have lost several species and habitats. Scientists are worried that soon the effects of what we have done may be irreversible. This temperature increase would drastically affect the growth of many different crops and cause the polar ice caps to melt, therefore increasing sea levels to rise up by several metres. Warmer oceans cause more intense storms. Buildings and roads close to the water will be flooded and they could suffer damage from hurricanes and tropical storms. The effects of a warmer climate may begin to
Ireland is sometimes affected by heat waves, most recently 1995, 2003, 2006. Nature Ireland has fewer animal and plant species than either Britain or mainland Europe because it became an island shortly after the end of the last Ice Age, about 8,000 years ago. Many different habitat types are found in Ireland, including farmland, open woodland, temperate broadleaf and mixed forests, conifer plantations, peat bogs, and various coastal habitats. Forest covers about 10% of the country. Only 26 land mammal species are native to Ireland, because it was isolated from Europe by rising sea levels after the Ice Age. Some species, such as the red fox, hedgehog, and badger are very common, whereas others, like the Irish hare, red deer and pine marten are less so. Aquatic wildlife such as species of turtle, shark, whale, dolphin, and others are common off the coast. About 400 species of birds have been recorded in Ireland
industrialized fisheries. Scientists agree that at current exploitation rates many important fish stocks will be removed from the system within 25 years. WHAT CAN WE DO TO HELP?: Every long-term successful and sustainable fishery, near-shore or high-seas, needs to be managed according to some basic ground rules: Safe catch limits, Controls on bycatch, Protection of pristine (pristiin) and important habitats, Monitoring and Enforcement (inforsment). It's fair to say that individuals cannot solve this global problem all by ourselves, we need politicians to strengthen international law. What we can do is make a difference. Over a decade (dekeid) ago many people started buying dolphin-friendly tuna. Now the time has come to buy ocean friendly tuna. Here are some of the actions you yourself can undertake. What everybody can do to help overfishing: Be informed, Know what you eat, Spread the word.
Giving birth throughout the year, females can have litters of up to four kittens, but usually only one or two survive. Born spotted, the kittens stay with their mothers for about 18 months, after which time they will leave in search of their own home range. The Mountain Lion is capable stalk-and-ambush predator; the cougar pursues a wide variety of prey. Primary food sources include ungulates such as deer and bighorn sheep, but it hunts species as small as insects and rodents The Cougar prefers habitats with dense underbrush and rocky areas for stalking, but it can live in open areas. The cougar is territorial and persists at low population densities. Individual territory sizes depend on terrain, vegetation, and abundance of prey. A single male lion may require up to 175 square miles of territory for its home range. They prefer wild areas frequented by deer. One lion will consume about one deer per week. A lion will cover
· 3.The loss of the forests are causing serious problems such as soil erosion and water pollution metsade kaotus tekitab tõsiseid probleeme nagu pinnase erosiooni ja vee saastatust. · 4.Wood products in which the rest of the world depends, may soon become scarce and more expensive Puu tooted, millest ülejäänd maailm sõltub, võivad peagi minna kalliks ja neid võib jääda napiks. · 5. Many migrating birds common in North America depend on the rainforest habitats. The loss of the rainforests may affect these spieces- paljud ümber asuvad linnud, kes on P-Ameerikast avalised, sõltuvad vihmametsade harjumustest. Vihmametsade kaotus võib neid liike mõjutada. · 6. Cultures of the forests are losing their native lands. They have a right to live where and how they wants Metsade kultuurid kaotavad oma sünnipäraseid maid. Neil on õigus elade kus ja kuidas nad tahavad. · 7
· At the northwest corner of the continent is the sandstone cliffs and gorges of The Kimberley · Australia has the longest coral reef - The Great Barrier Reef. · At 2,228 metres Mount Kosciuszko on the Great Dividing Range is the highest mountain on the Australian mainland. http://www.youtube.com/watch? v=avLWMHZR5dk Australian animals · Although most of Australia is semi-arid or desert, it includes a diverse range of habitats from alpine heaths to tropical rainforests. · The wildlife in Australia has evolved in isolation and so has a unique and individual appearance. This also means that the animals have adapted well to the varying and often harsh climatic differences around Australia. · About 85% of flowering plants, 84% of mammals, more than 45% of birds, and 89% of in-shore, temperate-zone fish are endemic. Australia has the greatest number of reptiles of any country, with 755 species.
GLOBAL WARMING Global warming is the observed century-scale rise in the average temperature of Earth's climate system. Since 1971, 90% of the increased energy has been stored in the oceans, mostly in the 0 to 700m region. Despite the oceans' dominant role in energy storage, the term "global warming" is also used to refer to increases in average temperature of the air and sea at Earth's surface. Since the early 20th century, the global air and sea surface temperature has increased about 0.8 °C (1.4 °F), with about two-thirds of the increase occurring since 1980.Each of the last three decades has been successively warmer at the Earth's surface than any preceding decade since 1850. More than 90% certain that most of global warming was being caused by increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases produced by human activities.In 2010 that finding was recognized by the national science academies of all majo...
Hydroelectric power provides almost onefifth of the world's electricity. China, Canada, Brazil, the United States, and Russia were the five largest producers of hydropower in 2004. The first hydroelectric power plant was built at Niagara Falls in 1879. Negative aspects of hydropower Damming rivers may destroy or disrupt wildlife and other natural resources. Hydropower plants can cause low dissolved oxygen levels in the water, which is harmful to river habitats. Hydroelectric power plants don't work for a very long time. Silt, or dirt from a riverbed, builds up behind the dam and slows the flow of water. Geothermal energy Geothermal energy is the heat from the Earth. It's clean and sustainable. It can be extracted without burning a fossil fuel such as coal, gas, or oil. Geothermal fields produce only about onesixth of the carbon dioxide that a relatively clean naturalgasfueled power plant produces.
or total shutdown whilst cleaning is carried out. Biological effects of oil Simply, the effects of oil on marine life, are caused by either the physical nature of the oil (physical contamination and smothering) or by its chemical components (toxic effects and accumulation leading to tainting). Marine life may also be affected by clean-up operations or indirectly through physical damage to the habitats in which plants and animals live. The main threat posed to living resources by the persistent residues of spilled oils and water-in- oil emulsions ("mousse") is one of physical smothering. The animals and plants most at risk are those that could come into contact with a contaminated sea surface. Marine mammals and reptiles; birds that feed by diving or form flocks on the sea; marine life on shorelines; and animals and plants in mariculture facilities.
Scientists count rare river dolphins The completion last month of the first-ever survey assessing pink and grey river dolphins in South America's Orinoco and Amazon Basins has been described as a triumph for fresh-water dolphin conservation. The study which lasted 14 months and covered 3,145km of river spanning 7 countries provides an estimate of the abundance of the two species, and essential information on the most serious threats they face, the current state of their habitats and potential conservation strategies. Communications director for WWF Colombia Julio Mario Fernández said one early conclusion scientists could draw was that river dolphins in the Amazon were doing better than those in the Orinoco. "This is the first phase of a wider programme to preserve freshwater cetaceans in these areas," he added. Fresh water dolphins are among the most threatened aquatic mammals in the world. The
shelters. They also fight against fur farms. Their views on hunting is that it is unethical and they work against incentives to hunt. For example, they have managed to push through bill in New York called “Africa Big 5” that bans import, sale, transportation and possession of any part of African elephant, lion, leopard, white rhino and black rhino. [6] In Defense of Animals (IDA) was founded 1983, it is international organization. IDA’s goal is to protect the rights, welfare and habitats of animals. Their view of hunting is negative, calling it “murderous business”. They state that hunters do not keep population controlled and natural enemies do that instead. They also state that hunters destroy animal families and most animals are injured during the hunt and suffer prolonged death instead instant kill. [7] There are many more organizations that protect the rights of animals, but as seen above all of their views on hunting are negative
Maastiku käsitlusi Eestis. /Toim. H. Palang, H. Sooväli. Tartu Ülikooli geograafia instituut väljaanne nr 91. Tartu: Tartu Ülikooli Kirjastuse trükikoda, lk 8-10. • Zhang, Y. (2016). Landscape pattern and transition under natural and anthropogenic disturbance in an arid region of northwestern China.- International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation. Väljaanne nr. 44. lk 1-10 • Vaz, E. (2016). The future of landscapes and habitats: The regional science contribution to the understanding of geographical space.- Habitat International. Väljaanne nr. 51. lk 70-78
7 bn or 13%), Poland (13.1 bn or 9%), Italy (12.8 bn or 9%) and France (10.1 bn or 7%). 3. Which policy should Baltic States follow in question of Nord Stream? Should the EU seek counterbalance in oil and gas dependence with Russia? I am at the opinion that Estonia and other Baltic countries should take part of the projects and the knowledge of the side-effects would increase. Right now the studies have shown different results about the impact on the Baltic Sea and its habitats. We should actively participate in the researches in order to witness the accuracy of the results. One research showed that there are 30 mines lying in the Baltic Sea but the Finnish results showed the number of 900. In order to be aware of the threats we should show our interest not just nod when the results are represented by non-neutral organizations. Also, as right now there are negotiations about the third and fourth pipe, we should consider the economic benefits that may occure
However, as the world is growing more and more anonymous due to globalization and emergence of megapolises, it becomes harder for people to experience the meaning, as their lifestyles are growing more individualistic. Similarly, as not all people share the same meaning, in areas with high cultural and ethnic diversity, meaning can cause conflict. All in all, a shared meaning can be the main basis for social order in smaller and cohesive communities, whereas in larger and more varied habitats this explanation becomes lacklustre. Norms and values For social order to emerge, not only need individuals to understand and share with each other, as foreseen by common meanings, they must also be able to agree on a wider scale. Recognized norms and accepted values serve as a basis for more productive cooperation. Hechter and Horne (Hechter and Horne, 2003) describe norms as our "external criteria for evaluation" and values as our "internal criteria for evaluation"
July. Flora and fauna Ireland has fewer animal and plant species than either Britain or mainland Europe because it became an island very soon after the end of the last Ice Age, about 8,000 years ago. Nevertheless, it is home to hundreds of plant species, some of them unique to the island. Many different habitat types are found in Ireland, including farmland, open woodland, temperate forests, conifer plantations, peat bogs, and various coastal habitats. Fauna Only 31 mammal species are native to Ireland, again because it was isolated from Europe by rising sea levels after the Ice Age. Some species, such as the red fox, hedgehog, stoat, and badger are very common, whereas others, like the Irish hare, red deer and pine marten are less common and generally seen only in certain national parks and nature reserves around the island. Some introduced species have become thoroughly naturalised, e.g. rabbits and the brown rat.
the east. Wales and the southern peninsula have the most moderate climate and Eastern England the most extreme. Annual rainfall is fairly evenly distributed but the amount of precipitation varies greatly between the mountainous areas of the west and the central and eastern parts. 7. Animals, plants Animals The diversity of animals is modest because of several factors: the size of the land area, seasonal changes and the age of habitats on the island. Because GB has a small area, it means that the number of species that can evolve is limited because there is not enough land mass to support the diversity of animals. The environment is very young due to the Ice Age, so there has not been enough time for such diversity to develop. The seasonal changes that occur across the country mean that the animals have less to eat. Since industrialization began in England in the mid
Jätkusuutlik areng Referaat Juhendaja: Tartu 2016 Sisukord Mis tähendab jätkusuutlik areng?.......................................................................3 Mida hõlmab endas säästev areng?................................................................4 Jätkusuutlik areng maailmas.............................................................................. 6 Tähtsamad rahvusvahelised kokkulepped..........................................................8 Jätkusuutlik areng Eestis..................................................................................10 Säästev Eesti 21............................................................................................... 12 Kasutatud kirjandus.......................................................................................... 14 ...
3 planting to ensure sustainable harvest rate; max 3 marks for planting strategy: 4 trees not planted too closely together; 5 support young trees to prevent damage e.g. from grazing animals; 6 species planted that are suitable for prevailing conditions / native spp; 7 softwood sp. / conifers / named conifer / fast growing sp. planted; 8 deciduous broadleaved species around edges for aesthetic reasons; 9 creates different habitats / named habitat / protected habitats/ some fallen trees left to rot; max 3 marks for felling/cropping strategy: 10 ref. to clear felling having negative effects e.g. soil erosion; 11 only mature trees removed / selective felling / individual trees; 12 some clearings / rides / glades in woodland / strip felling; 13 control of, pests / diseases / fire prevention; 14 ref to coppicing / pollarding;
kaasmõjud. Ka Läänemeres satuvad linnud nakkevõrkudesse ja reeglina upuvad. 36 Following concerns about recreational gillnet fishing practices and potential wastage of catch, in particular as a result of overnight netting, a study investigating the relationship between gillnet soak time and the quality of the catch was undertaken. The study confirmed that catch quality declined as soak time increased. In certain circumstances, especially with nets set over soft-sediment habitats, damage to the catch through predator and lice interaction was substantially higher in nets set overnight compared with nets fished during daylight hours only. Information from this study is being considered as part of a review of management arrangements as they relate to overnight netting. You want to know about the bottom in Kaasaegse kalaotsimisaparatuuriga on võimalik the area you are going to fish, to põhajvõrke ka suurtes sügavustes täpselt
unprecedented loss of human life and property. Increases in the frequency and intensity of heat waves and precipitation have also been observed. Consequently, a growing number of exotic animals are now on the verge of extinction. More disappointingly, the above- mentioned climatic changes, combined with heedless deforestation and noxious industrial emissions will not only affect animal life by changing important habitats but will also contribute to soil erosion and leaching. Thus, crop yields are expected to continue to drop in coming decades, resulting in widespread famine. Moreover, many regions will face dwindling water supplies as the result of shrinking glaciers and snowpack, evaporation, and the infiltration of salt water. Acute food and water shortages will presumably bring about manifold health problems.
Natural Product Communications, 10(8), 137780. Kook, E., Vedler, E., Püssa, K., Kalamees, R., Reier, Ü., & Pihu, S. (2015). Intra-individual ITS polymorphism and hybridization in Pulmonaria obscura Dumort. and Pulmonaria angustifolia L. (Boraginaceae). Plant Systematics and Evolution, 301(3), 893910. http://doi.org/10.1007/s00606-014-1123-8 Koszalka, J., & Strzelczyk, J. E. (2015). Archaeobotanical reconstructions of field habitats and crops: the grange in Pomorzany near Kutno, 18th/19th c. Biodiversity Research and Conservation, 37(1). http://doi.org/10.1515/biorc-2015-0006 Kostamo, K., Toljamo, A., Antonius, K., Kokko, H., & Kärenlampi, S. O. (2013). Morphological and molecular identification to secure cultivar maintenance and management of self-sterile Rubus arcticus. Annals of Botany, 111(4), 71321. http://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mct029 Kostamo, K., Toljamo, A., Palonen, P., Valkonen, J. P. T
implement. Eesmärk - tagada bioloogiline mitmekesisus looduslike elupaikade ning loodusliku loomastiku ja taimestiku kaitse kaudu Meetmed - ühenduse (EL) huvides olevate looduslike elupaikade ja looduslike looma- ja taimeliikide säilitamine või taastamine. Meetmetes võetakse arvesse majanduslikke, sotsiaalseid ja kultuurilisi nõudeid ning piirkondlikke ja kohalikke iseärasusi. 2 põhilist: 1. Council Directive 92/43/EEC of 21 May 1992 on the conservation of natural habitats and of wild fauna and flora (except birds) 2. Council Directive 2009/147 on the protection of birds Natura2000 alade loomine ja kaitsmine. 10. Main goals of the new policy of chemicals (REACH). (What is new compared to "old" legislation?). Põhieesmärk parandada inimeste tervise ja keskkonna kaitset keemiliste ühendite omaduste parema ja varasema identifitseerimise kaudu. Tööstused ja importijad vastutavad kemikaalidega seotud riskide maandamise ja ohutusinformatsiooni jagamise eest.
of waste disposal. Developed countries are notorious for producing an excessive amount of waste or garbage and dumping their waste in the oceans and, less developed countries. Nuclear waste disposal has tremendous health hazards associated with it. Plastic, fast food, packaging and cheap electronic wastes threaten the well being of humans. FIND OUT 5 WAYS HOW TO MANAGE WASTE. 5. Loss of Biodiversity: Human activity is leading to the extinction of species and habitats and loss of bio- diversity. Eco systems, which took millions of years to perfect, are in danger when any species population is decimating. Another example is the destruction of coral reefs in the various oceans, which support the rich marine life. FIND OUT 5 WAYS HOW TO HALT THE LOSS OF BIODIVERSITY 6. Deforestation: Our forests produce fresh oxygen and help in regulating temperature and rainfall. At
conditions present in Canada. From the warm, temperate broadleaf forests of southern Ontario to the frigid Arctic plains of the Northern Canada, from the wet temperate rainforests of the west coast to the arid deserts, badlands and tundra plains, the biodiversity of Canada's plants is extensive. Many of the plants seen in Canada are introduced, either intentionally or accidentally. Canada offers a wide range of habitats across varied vegetation. Arctic Tundra can be found in Canada's north which leads south into boreal forests which is most typical of Canada and covers more of the country than any other type of vegetation. The Maritimes are home to the Acadian forests which are made up from spruce, for, birch, pine and maple trees. West of the Maritimes in Quebec and Ontario are the Laurentian Forests and
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