Aari Juhanson, MA 2008 Past Perfect Progressive · Mineviku lõpetamata tegevuse protsessi või kestvuse rõhutamine: They had been WATCHing TV since morning (and he was going slightly mad). · Äsja lõppenud tegevuse (tagajärjed nähtavad) kirjeldus minevikus: It had not been RAINing for weeks, everything was crisp and dry and brown. He had been PAINTing. · had BEEN + 1pv-ing Aari Juhanson, MA 2008 Future Tenses · Lihttulevik (Future Simple / Future Indefinite) markeerimata tuleviku tegevus · Kestev tulevik (Future Progressive / Future Continuous) pooleli- või käimasolev tegevus tulevikus · Perfekti tulevik!!! (Future Perfect) tulevikus tehtud saav tegevus Æ ON NUD (= saab olema lõppenud) · Kestev perfekti tulevik (Future Perfect Progressive) tulevikus pooleli- või käimasoleva tegevuse rõhutamine Aari Juhanson, MA 2008
Past Tenses • Lihtminevik (Past Simple / Past Indefinite) – ära toimunud, lõpetatud tegevus • Kestev minevik (Past Progressive / Past Continuous) – minevikus pooleli olnud tegevus • Enneminevik !!! (Past Perfect) – minevik enne minevikku OLI -NUD • Kestev enneminevik (Past Perfect Progressive) – enne minevikku äsja lõppenud või toimumas olnud tegevus Created by Aari Juhanson, MA 2009 Past Simple • Ära toimunud (regulaarne) tegevus: I WORKED yesterday. S/he didn’t WORK last Monday. • Lõpetatud tegevus: I already CALLED them today. (I’m not going to call again!) Which countries did you VISIT? (You’re back …) BUT: Which countries have you VISITED so far? (You’re not back yet or you travel regularly …) • Jutustused, mineviku sündmuste kirjeldus: Once upon a time there LIVED a Garfield who HAD many friends. The first one WAS Odie, … • 2pv; ?/-
TENSES. ACTIVE VOICE. 1. Present Simple (üldolevik) I (he, she, it s) he works Eitav,küsiv do (I, you, we, they) he does not work does (he, she, it) does he work? Verbidele, mis lõpevad infinitiivis ss, -sh, -ch, -x või o, lisatakse ainsuse 3. pöördes es he touches, she goes Verbidel, mis lõpevad y-ga, mille ees on konsonant, muutub y->ies carry - he carries Vrdl: play he plays 1. Harjumuspärane, korduv tegevus või seisund olevikus. Tom drinks tea every day. He lives in Brussels. 2. Üldtuntud tõed, loodusseadused The earth goes round the sun. 3. Tulevikus toimuv tegevus a) Sõiduplaanid, planeeritud programmid. The train for Tallinn leaves at 10. The course begins on Monday. b) Tingimuslausetes
the radio. If it is in the air it is flying or floating in the air. That's the most expensive gift I have received. BUT: He was a most (=very, extremely) innocent-looking little brat. It was most strange-looking bread. BUT: The first reason ..., the second reason ..., a third is to ... . · Määratleja täiendi või `of'-fraasi abil: The water in this bottle is very cold. He's the man I love. We are studying the grammar of English language. · Muusikainstrumendid koos sõnadega study/practice/play Aari Juhanson, MA 2009 NO ARTICLE · Üldistused: Horses are nice animals. BUT: The horse is the friendliest animal I know. · Abstraktsed nimisõnad, mida ei saa katsuda: Beauty is in the eye of the beholder. History is a great field to study. · Massi märkivad nimisõnad kui jutt on kogu kategooriast:
Ann's flight is due at 6.20. 7 3. Present Simple and Present Perfect Present Simple is used to refer to future time in future time clauses. When we get there, we'll have dinner. Present Perfect can also be used instead of Present Simple when the completion of the event is emphasised. When we've had a rest, we'll go out. Other future references 1. Hope This can be followed by either present or future tenses. I hope it doesn't rain. I hope it won't rain. 2. Other verbs followed by will. Most verbs of thinking can be followed by will if there is a future reference. These include: think, believe, expect, doubt. I expect the train will be late. I doubt whether United will win. 3. Just / just about to Just can be used to describe something on the point of happening. Hurry up! The train is just leaving / just about to leave. 4. Shall
Ing Present Simple Present Progressive/Continuous (lihtolevik) (kestev olevik) I vorm (play) am JAATAV he is I vorm+ing (playing) she I vorm+s (plays) are it do not I vorm (don't play) am EITAV he is not I vorm+ing she does not I vorm are (not playing) it (doesn't play) Do I vorm (Do ... play ... ?) KÜSILAUSE
Ing Present Simple Present Progressive/Continuous (lihtolevik) (kestev olevik) I vorm (play) am JAATAV he is I vorm+ing (playing) she I vorm+s (plays) are it do not I vorm (don't play) am EITAV he is not I vorm+ing she does not I vorm are (not playing) it (doesn't play) Do I vorm (Do ... play ... ?) KÜSILAUSE
Ing Present Simple Present Progressive/Continuous (lihtolevik) (kestev olevik) I vorm (play) am JAATAV he is I vorm+ing (playing) she I vorm+s (plays) are it do not I vorm (don't play) am EITAV he is not I vorm+ing she does not I vorm are (not playing) it (doesn't play) Do I vorm (Do ... play ... ?) KÜSILAUSE
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