Indian civilization first developed on the Indus River. · The geography of India includes high mountains, great rivers, and heavy seasonal rain. · Harappan civilization developed along the Indus River. · The Aryan invasion of India changed the region's civilization. Mountains Plains and Water Plateaus · North: The · Monsoons Himalayas are · Rivers and the highest melting snow kept · Heavy rainfall mountains in the the plains fertile. · Civilizations arose world. around seasonal · Both sides of the · West: The Hindu river thrived. rainfall. Kush provide protection from enemies. People Cities Achievements · Population grew · Harrapa · ...
INDIA Created by: Click to edit Master text styles Second level Third level SOME REASONS ,WHY TO GO INDIA: Fourth level Fifth level *ANCIENT CULTURE AND ARCHITECTURE * Very spiritual country for the people who are intrested about meditation and religion * Good place where people can learn yoga from the masters ,who have done it all the life *if you want to learn different nations culture and traditions than its best place where to go. India is multinational country. · Sunny and exoting weathers, good for resting Click to edit Master text styles Second level SOME INFORMATION AND FACTS ThirdABOUT level I...
INDIA COUNTRY · India is a country in South Asia. · It is the seventh-largest country by geographical area. · The most populous democracy in the world. · Country with over 1.18 billion people. · The capital of India is New Delhi. · India has a coastline of 7,517 kilometres. Mainland India is bounded by the Indian Ocean on the south, the Arabian Sea on the west, and the Bay of Bengal on the east; and it is bordered by Pakistan to the west Bhutan, the People's Republic of China and Nepal to the north; and Bangladesh and Burma to the east. In the Indian Ocean, mainland India and the Lakshadweep Islands are in the vicinity of Sri Lanka and the Maldives. India has a coastline of 7,517 kilometres. THE SYMBOLS OF INDIA The National Flag is orange withe and green. The Tiger is the national animal of India. Tiger is also called the lord of Jungles. The national animal of India, is a rich-colored well-striped ani...
INDIAN SPORTS ANDRES MÄLLO 9.A INDIAN SPORTS • Kabaddi • Kho kho • Pehlwani • Gilli-danda • Contact sport KABADDI • Originated in ancient India • It is known by its regional names in different parts of the subcontinent, such as kabadi in Tamil Nadu, Kabaddi in Karnataka, hadudu in Bengal, bhavatik in Maldives, kauddi in the Punjab region and chedugudu in Andhra Pradesh KHO KHO • Tag sport • Indian subcontinent • Played by teams of twelve players • Nine enter the field • Who try to avoid being touched by members of the opposing team • One of the two most popular traditional tag games of the South Asia • Form of wrestling PEHLWANI • Developed in the Mughal Empire • The words pehlwani and kushti derive from the Persian terms pahlavani and koshti respectively • Many southern Indian practitioners of traditional malla-y...
INDIAN SPORTS ANDRES MÄLLO 9.A INDIAN SPORTS · Kabaddi · Kho kho · Pehlwani · Gilli-danda · Contact sport KABADDI · Originated in ancient India · It is known by its regional names in different parts of the subcontinent, such as kabadi in Tamil Nadu, Kabaddi in Karnataka, hadudu in Bengal, bhavatik in Maldives, kauddi in the Punjab region and chedugudu in Andhra Pradesh KHO KHO · Tag sport · Indian subcontinent · Played by teams of twelve players · Nine enter the field · Who try to avoid being touched by members of the opposing team · One of the two most popular traditional tag games of the South Asia · Form of wrestling PEHLWANI · Developed in the Mughal Empire · The words pehlwani and kushti derive from the Persian terms pahlavani and koshti respectively · Many southern Indian practitioners of traditional malla-y...
Architecture of India Sten Ütsmüts 11D 2011 Topics Cave Architecture Indo-Islamic Architecture Colonial Architecture Modern Architecture Cave Architecture History goes back to 300 BC; Places of worship and residence; Built by generations of Buddhist, Hindu, and Jain monks Ajanta (200 BC to 650 AD) Ellora (600 and 1000 AD ) Kailasa Temple Ajanta caves http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c3/Ajanta_ Ellora caves http://www.sacred-destinations.com/india/ellora-caves-photos/view-cc-shok.jpg Kailasa Temple Represents Mt. Kailasa, home of god Shiva; Largest monolithic structure in the world; 200 000 tons of removed rocks; 2x the area of Parthenon and 1,5 times higher; 7000 labourers; 150 years. Kailasa Temple Indo-Islamic Architecture Muslims in medieval time Imperial styl...
History: · Indian society is predominantly agrarian. Diet consists mainly of fruits and vegetables, meat, cereals, dairy products and honey. Also, drinks containing different types of spices. · During the Gupta empire influenced by diet buduism and jainism. Many religious people were vegetarians. Most of the people consumed the chickens, sheep and goat meat. · Muslims also put emphasis on the development of food. Indians brought to the diet of dried fruit and flat bread. India introduced the dietary habits of the Portuguese and Chinese. · Indian diet is mixed with a variety of cultures. Etiquette: · Traditionally, meals were eaten while seated either on the floor or on very low stools or cushions. · Food is most often eaten without cutlery, instead using the right hand. Among the middle class throughout India, spoons and forks are commonplace. · Hot fo...
Vana-Idamaade haridusest Referaat Monika Sepp Kunstiõpetuse õpetaja magistriõpe Õppejõud Karmen Trasberg Tartu Ülikool 2011 Sissejuhatus Kuna territoriaalselt kuulub Vana-Idamaade alla väga palju riike küllaltki laialt maaalalt ning teadaolevalt on näiteks Sumerite kiilkirja peetud paljude hilisemate keelte eelkäijaks ning Egiptuse kultuuri õitsengut imetletakse tänapäevalgi, siis pakkus antud teema siinkirjutajale suurt huvi. Käesolevas referaadis uuritaksegi Vana-Idamaade rahvaste üldist ajalugu ning kasvatuskultuuri ja põhjalikumalt peatutakse kahe enimkajastatud riigi, Egiptuse ning Sumeri, kasvatus-ning hariduslool. Erilist huvi tundis siinkirjutaja meeste ja naiste võimalustest tolleaegses hariduses. Samuti intrigeerib refer...
Tibet Tibet is a plateau region in Asia, north of the Himalayas, and the home to the indigenous Tibetan people and some other ethnic groups. With an average elevation of 4,900 metres, it is the highest region on Earth and has in recent decades increasingly been referred to as the "Roof of the World". In the history of Tibet, it has been an independent country, divided into different countries, and a part of China each for a certain amount of time. Tibet was first unified under King Songtsän Gampo in the seventh century. A government nominally headed by the Dalai Lamas, a line of spiritual leaders, ruled a large portion of the Tibetan region at various times from the 1640s until 1950s. During most of this period, the Tibetan administration was subordinate to the Chinese empire of the Qing Dynasty. The 13th Dalai Lama proclaimed Tibet independent in 1913, but this declaration was not accepted b...
The Renaissance 1500 1650: background 1. What does the word ,,renaissance mean? Characterize briefly the period called the Renaissance. "The rebirth" from French Renaissance, meaning "rebirth"; Italian: Rinascimento, from re- "again" and nascere "be born") Rebirth of scholarship based on classical learning and philosophy. The Renaissance was a cultural movement that spanned roughly the 14th to the 17th century, beginning in Italy in the late Middle Ages and later spreading to the rest of Europe. It encompassed a revival of learning based on classical sources, the development of linear perspective in painting, and gradual but widespread educational reform. (wikipedia)Bridge between Medieval Ages and Modern Era. 2. Where did the Renaissance start and why? In the opening years of the 14th century, there began to develop in Italy and increasing interest in the manuscripts that had surviv...
Arhitektuur Suur Hiina müür Aasia, Hiina Suur Hiina müür on rida kivi fortifications ehitatud Hiinas 5. sajandil eKr kuni 16. sajandini. Müür oli ehitatud kogu mitme dünastiate kaitsta impeerium alates Xiongnu rünnakuid. Suur Hiina müür ulatub üle umbes 6700 kilomeetrit, mis kulgeb läbi Gansu provintsist Ninxia Hui autonoomse piirkonna, Shaanxi provintsis, Shanxi Province, Sise-Mongoolia, Hebei Province ja Liaoning Province. See oli kunagi väitis, müür on näha inimeste silmis alates moon. Aga see on osutunud lihtsalt müüt, sest ükski astronaut on kunagi väitnud nad olid näinud Hiina müür alates moon. Kolm peamist läbimisel Suur Hiina müür on Juyongguan, Jiayuguan ja Shanhaiguan. Juyongguan asub põhja lõpuks müür, mis on sees Changping maakond Peking City. Jiayuguan on lääne lõppu müür asub Gansu provintsis, samas Shanhaiguan on ida lõpuks müür asub linna Qinhuangdao, Hebei provintsi. Nüüd on osad Suur Hiina müür on hävinud tänu liivato...
BRITISH HISTORY 17TH-19TH CENTURY SEVENTEENTH-CENTURY ☄ When James I became the first English king of the Stuart dynasty, he was already king of Scotland, so the crowns of these two countries were united. ☄ The kind of Middle English spoken in lowland Scotland had developed into a written language known as Scots ☄ The Scottish Protestant church adopted English rather than Scots bibles ☄ Religion and politics are inextricably linked ☄ Some people tried to kill the king because he wasn't Catholic enough and another king had been killed, partly because he seemed too Catholic ☄ Anger grew in the country at the way that the Stuart monarchs raised money ☄ Puritanism- ideological Protestantism ☄ Some of them thought the luxurious lifestyle of the king and his followers was immoral. They were also fiercely anti-Catholic and suspicious of the apparent sympathy t...
Põhikooli inglise keele eksam 2010 LUGEMINE Task 1 (5 points) Read the notices below and tick ( )the correct answer A, B , C , or D. An example (0) has been done for you. 0. Hotel. Free parking at rear. A You can park next to the hotel. B You can park in front of the hotel. C You can park under the hotel. D Y ou can park behind the hotel. 1. A You can buy a Niagara Falls Coffee mug if you have this voucher. B Many souvenirs are 20% cheaper with this voucher. C All souvenirs are 20% cheaper with this voucher. D You will get a coffee mug 20% cheaper with this voucher. 2. Summer Clearance today! Up to 30 % off many items. A After the sale many items will cost 30% less. B All items are 30% cheaper today. C All items will be 30% cheaper this summer. D Some items are 30% cheaper today. 3. This film is unsuitable for children under 16. A You cannot watch films until you are 16. B T...
Christ The Redeemer Or the Statue of Christ Redeemer (Portuguese: Cristo Redentor) is a statue of Jesus Christ with the largest Art Deco architectural style and located in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The statue has a height 38 meters and is located at the top of Corcovado Mountain is 710 m high in the Tijuca Forest National Park, overlooking the city. Chichen Itza It is a Mayan archaeological heritage in Mexico is the most complete and still well maintained. According to the Mayan culture of Chilam Balam, the temple complex was built between the years 502-522 AD. Mayans occupy just over 200 years, then they migrate to coastal areas in Campeche. Itza is the central point of the complex and other buildings such as the Pyramids of Kukulcan, Temple of Chac Mool, and building the Thousand Pillars. Colosseum Is a large theater / Amphitheater, located at the State Capital of Italy, Rome, called the original "Flavian Amphitheatre", founded by...
The Renaissance In the history the Middle Ages were followed by the Renassance period. During this period a new class called bourgeoeisie came into being. This is the period when monarchies based on nationality were estabilished. The Renaessance started in Italy In the 14th century. Then it spread all over Europe, reached England in 16th century. The struggle for power culminated in a war called The War of Roses. It was a civil war between two dynasties, families. They had different emblems on one side the Yorks (white rose) other Lancasters (red). They couldn't decide who gets the throne. War ended 1485. A new dynasty came to throne, Tudor, the first king in this dynasty was Henry Vll. When he came to throne a period of stability followed because he built a nation based state. He was good at diplomacy.He could avoid quarrels and wars with neigbouring countries. France, Spain - greatest enemies.So he ...
Health 2007 1. Introduction Health is the level of functional or metabolic efficiency of an organism at both the cellular and social level. In the medical field, health is commonly defined as an organism's ability to succesfully respond to challenges and effectively restore and keep a so-called ,,state of balance". 2. History · Early hospitals During the Middle Ages the hospital could serve other functions, such as an almshouse for the poor, or hostel for pilgrims. In ancient cultures, religion and medicine were linked. The earliest known institutions aiming to provide cure were Egyptian temples. Greek temples dedicatedto the healer-god, might admit the sick, who would wait for guidance from the god in a dream. The Romans adopted this worship. The Sri Lankans are perhaps responsible for introducing theconcept ofdedicated hospitals to the world. According to an ancient chronicle, written in the 6 th centur...
Kordamisküsimused. 1. Tööstuslik revolutsioon ja tööstusühiskond. Tekke põhjused, olemus, mõju ühiskonna arengule. Tähtsaimad 19. s leiutised ja nende tähtsus. Tööstusliku revolutsiooni olemus 18. sajandil leidsid aset põhjalikud muutused tehnoloogilises arengus. 1 põhjus: Uute kaupade toomisel hakati inimese töö asemel senisest enam kasutama masinaid. 2. põhjus: Seni tootmise veduriks olnud manufaktuurid hakkasid järg-järgult asenduma vabrikutega. See murranguline pööre tootmises kujuneski tööstusrevolutsiooni aluseks. Lisaks masinatele oli tootmise uuendamiseks vaja raha ning inimesi, kes masinatega tööle hakkaksid. Tootmise uuendamiseks oli vaja ka raha ning inimesi. Ühtlasi hakkasid vabrikute- ettevõtete omanikud järjest enam huvi tundma ka uute tehniliste leiutiste vastu ning nende väljatöötamist vähemalt osaliselt rahastama. Üleminek vabrikutootmisele nõudis hulgaliselt tööjõudu, mida saadi enamasti maalt. Ühiskonna tehn...
Tallinna Nõmme Gümnaasium 11B Sander-Ville Võsa Hiina arhitektuur Referaat Juhendaja: Rainer Vilumaa Tallinn 2011 Käesolev Referaat on refereeritud erinevatest Interneti ja kirjalikest allikatest. Referaat räägib Hiina arhitektuuri eripäradest ja üldiselt Hiina arhitektuurist. Hiina arhiteuuri on suuresti mõjutanud relligioosed uskumused. Hiinas eksisteerivad ajaloos kõrvuti 3 usundit, milleks on : taoism, konfutsionism ja budism. Iga uskumus on andnud midagi omaltpoolt arhitektuurikultuurile juurde, nii näiteks on budism viinud Hiina iidsete hoonete katuste servadele viinud pisikesi Buddhasid, taoism omakorda draakoneid ja teisi legendidega seotud olevusi ja tegelasi, kuid kõigest järgemööda. Hiina on oma arhitektuurilt ääretult täpne, nimelt on kõik hooned sümmeetrilised ja üle külvatud pisidetailidega.Huvitav on selle sümmeetria puhul seegi, et enamik hoonetest on v...
All about High Tech High tech is technology that is at the cutting edge--the most advanced technology currently available. There is no specific class of technology that is high tech--the definition shifts over time--so products hyped as high tech in the 1960s would now be considered, if not exactly low tech, then at least somewhat obsolete. This fuzzy definition has led to marketing departments describing nearly all new products as high tech. Economy Because the high-tech sector of the economy develops or uses the most advanced technology known, it is often seen as having the most potential for future growth. This perception has led to high investment in high-tech sectors of the economy. High-tech startup enterprises receive a large portion of venture capital. However, if, as has happened in the past, investment exceeds actual potential, then investors can lose all or most of their investment. High tech is often viewed as high risk, but...
1 The Medium Is the Message In a culture like ours, long accustomed to splitting and dividing all things as a means of control, it is sometimes a bit of a shock to be reminded that, in operational and practical fact,, the medium is the message. This is merely to say that the personal and social consequences of any medium-that is, of any extension of ourselves-result from the new scale that is introduced into our affairs by each extension of ourselves, or by any new technology. Thus, with automation, for example, the new patterns of human association tend to eliminate jobs, it is true. That is the negative result. Positively, automation creates roles for people, which is to say depth of involvement in their work and human association that our preceding mechanical technology had destroyed. Many people would be disposed to say that it was not the machine, but what one did with the machine, that was its meaning or message. In terms of the ...
Noarootsi Gümnaasium - 11.D klass TIIBETI AJALUGU JA KULTUUR Referaat Pürksi 2015 Sisukord Sissejuhatus Valisin oma referaadi teemaks Tiibeti ajaloo ja kultuuri, kuna Tiibeti on kindlasti seotud Hiina ja selle ajalooga vähemal või suurema määral. Lisaks ajaloolisele seotusele võib ka öelda, et töö peaks olema informeeriv ka Tiibetist mitte midagi teadvatele inimestele. Loodan, et töö toob lugejani mõningad teadmised Tiibetist ja selle ajaloost ning kultuuri eripäradest. 2 Tiibeti ajalugu Varane ajalugu Tiibeti platoo asustati inimeste poolt vähemalt 21 000 aastat tagasi. 3 saj. eKr rändasid Tiibetisse elama hiinlased Põhja-Hiinast asendades nõnda suure osa algsest elanikkonnast. Kõige esimeseks riigiks Tiibetis oli Zhangzhung/Shangshung, mis oli kuningriik põhja ja loode Tiibetis 500eKr-625p...
I. Portugal ABOUT Photo Location of Portugal (dark green) Portugal (Portuguese: Portugal, IPA: [putua]; officially the Portuguese Republic, Portuguese: República Portuguesa) is a country located in Southwestern Europe, on the Iberian Peninsula. It is the westernmost country of mainland Europe, and is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean to the west and south and by Spain to the north and east. The Atlantic archipelagos of the Azores and Madeira are Portuguese territory as well. The country is named after its second largest city, Porto, whose Latin name wa...
1. What are the capitals of the 4 constituent countries? England- London; Northen Ireland- Belfast; Scotland- Edinburgh; Wales- Cardiff 2. Order the invaders in correct chronological order: Anglo-Saxons, Normans, Romans, Celts. Romans Anglusaxons , Norman 3. How did the Celts influence Britain? Language. Wars. Engand and Scotland eventually became 1 contry 4. How many people approximately speak English? Approximately 600 million 5. Who (which tribes) gave the base of the English language?Germanic tribes- Anglo-Saxons. 6. Describe Wales.- Wales is a mountainous country on the western side of Great Britain. The national game of Wales is Rugby. Flag- Red dragon on a green and white field. They have their own language Cymraeg ( Welsh) . Anthem- Land Of My Fathers. Official animal- Dragon. There used to be a lot of coalmines. 7. What are the symbols of the 4 constit...
ENGLISH LITERATURE Ancient Britain Lived on the British Isles in the 1st millenium. They most probably came from Eastern Europe and belonged to the Celtic race and also spoke Celtic. They were primitive hunters- gatherers, farmers. Some Celtic words are still used in modern English, however they are used mostly in place names. For example: · avon river · cumb valley · ford shallow place in the river Ancient Britons had their own religion and priests or druids and temples. In the year 55 BC Britain became a Roman province. Romans were highly developed and had their own language latin, which has also greatly influenced English. The military occupation of the Isles ended in 410 AD. The Romans eventually brought Christianity to Britain. Hadrian's wall on the border of Scotland and England. It began constru...
khTallinn English College The United Kingdom Topic Mari-Liis Pakats Tallinn 2008 2 Table of Contents Introduction..................................................................................................................4 Geographical Position .................................................................................................4 History .........................................................................................................................4 Government..................................................................................................................5 Queen Victoria.............................................................................................................5 Relief...............................................................................................................................
Foreword Bridging rivers, gorges, narrows, straits, and valleys always has played an important role in the history of human settlement. Since ancient times, bridges have been the most visible testimony of the noble craft of engineers. A bridge can be defined in many ways, but Andrea Palladio, the great 16th century Italian architect and engineer, hit on the essence of bridge building when he said "...bridges should befit the spirit of the community by exhibiting commodiousness, firmness, and delight." In more practical terms, he went on to explain that the way to avoid having the bridge carried away by the violence of water was to make the bridge without fixing any posts in the water. Since the beginning of time, the goal of bridge builders has been to create as wide a span as possible which is commodious, firm, and occasionally delightful. Spanning greater distances is a distinct measure ...
N. A. Vavilov ASPECTS OF BRITISH HISTORY Н. А. Вавилов КРАТКАЯ ИСТОРИЯ ВЕЛИКОБРИТАНИИ Учебное пособие на английском языке Москва Институт международного права и экономики имени А. С. Грибоедова 2008 2 УТВЕРЖДЕНО кафедрой лингвистики и переводоведения Вавилов Н.А. Краткая история Великобритании: Учебное пособие на английском языке. – 2-е изд., пересмотр. и испр. – М.: ИМПЭ им. А.С. Грибоедова, 2008. – 88 с. Пособие содержит краткий очерк важнейших событий в истории Великобритании – от первых документально засвидетельствованных вторжений на остров (кельтов, римлян и англосаксов) до создания и распада Британск...
Tallinn 2013 Ott Speek Subject: English Geodesy Study group: GI-21b PETROLEUM PRESENTATION Petroleum (L. petroleum, from Greek: Πέτρα (rock) + Latin: oleum (oil) is a naturally occurring flammable liquid consisting of a complex mixture of hydrocarbons of various molecular weights and other liquid organic compounds, that are found in geologic formations beneath the Earth's surface. The name Petroleum covers both naturally occurring unprocessed crude oils and petroleum products that are made up of refined crude oil. A fossil fuel, it is formed when large quantities of dead organisms, usually zooplankton and algae, are buried underneath sedimentary rock and undergo intense heat and pressure. Petroleum is recovered mostly through oil drilling. This comes after the studies of structural geology (at the reservoir scale), sedimentary basin analysis, reservoir characterization (mainly in terms of porosity and perme...
Tallinna Tehnikaülikool MIKS DINOSAURUSED VÄLJA SURID? Referaat Autor: Natalia Novak Tallinn 2014 SISUKORD SISSEJUHATUS ........................................................................................................... 3 1. DINOSAURUSTE ARENEMINE GEOLOOGILISES AJALOOS ......................... 4 1.1 Permi lõpp ja Triiase ajastu.................................................................................. 4 1.2 Juura ajastu........................................................................................................... 5 1.3 Kriit ja dinosauruste välja suremine .................................................................... 5 2. DINOSAURUSTE VÄLJASUREMISE PÕHJUSED .............................................. 7 2.1 Maa ja asteroidi kokkupõrge teooria ..............................................................
TARTU ÜLIKOOL Pärnu kolledz Turismiosakond Andrus Lääne Katriin Mats TH2 LÄHIS-IDA PIIRKOND: KUVEIT, KATAR, BAHREIN, OOMEN JA JEEMEN Referaat Pärnu 2011 SISUKORD Sissejuhatus....................................................................................................................... 3 1. Lähis-Ida ....................................................................................................................... 4 2. Kuveit kuldne kõrberiik ............................................................................................. 8 2.1 Kuveidi üldiseloomustus ........................................................................................ 8 2.2 Kuveidi vaatamisväärsused................................................................................... 11 3. Katar maai...
Introduction The great French Revolution has been regarded to as one of the most influential events in modern Western history, and therefore there are various interpretations to explain how the Revolution evolved and what it was like. It is important to focus on very different kinds of historical evidence and sources to get a clear picture of the Revolution. Therefore, one must not forget to look not only at the written sources but also at the more cultural and artistic interpretations. One of the best examples of cultural and political distribution of the Revolutionary ideas was Jacques-Louis David, who, with his paintings, perpetuated The French Revolution from the Republican point of view. His art was mostly tightly connected to the main figures, events and ideas of the French Revolution. David had more than 5 pieces of art that captured the essence of the Revolution. His paintings represented political ethics, current ideals and fou...
History exam *Stonehenge - is a monument located in England. It is one of the most famous prehistoric sites in the world and is composed of earthworks surrounding a circular setting of large standing stones. The surrounding circular, earth bank and ditch, have been dated to about 3100 BC. Stonehenge was produced by a culture with no written language. Many aspects of Stonehenge remain subject to debate. There is little or no direct evidence for the construction techniques used by the Stonehenge builders. *The Celts in Britain and their legacy The Cets lived in Britain in The Iron Age. They were warring tribes who were battleful amongst themselves as well as inter-tribal war. They were not centrally governed. The Celts brought iron working, iron ploughs and metal swords, horses, wheels and chariots - all these things gave them an instant superiority over the native tribes. The Celts built a number ...
1. Ancient Britain: the Celtic tribes. 2000 years ago there was an Iron Age Celtic culture throughout the Br Isles. It seems that the Celts, who had been arriving from Europe from the 8th cent BC onward, intermingled with the peoples who were already there. The Celts were extremely talented people, creative and artistic. More than 1 Celtic tribe invaded Br. The descendants of ancient Celts live in Wales, Scotland, Cornwall and Ireland. They lived in primitive society. Druids priests, more powerful than chiefs. Acted like prophets. 2. Stonehenge From prehistoric period. Was built on Salisbury plain between 2500 and 1500 bc. One of the most famous and mysterious archaeological sites in the world. One of the mysteries is how it was built at all with the technology of the time. Another is its purpose. It appears to function as a kind on astronomical clock and we know it was used by the Druids for ceremonies marking the passing ...
Sippari linna arhitektuur, skulptuur, reljeefid, pitsatid, rituaalsed esemed, tarbekunst Margit Korbe Sisukord 1. SISSEJUHATUS................................................................................................................................................. 2 ........................................................................................................................................................................2 2. ÜLDISI TEADMISI SIPPARIST......................................................................................................................3 3. TÄHTSAD SIPPARI AJALOOST KÕNELEVAD LEIUD............................................................................4 3.1. MONUMENDID....................
1.Lexicology as a science L. studies the voc of lg as a system. Word-learning, lexis-logos. The task of L is to establish the general features of modern Engl voc. Theoretical L. gives a complete picture of voc. Practical value lies in using and appretiating the lg more conciously. There is diachronic (historical) L that studies origin and development; syncronic studies voc at a given historical period. There are general L (studies words disregarding particular features of any particular lg); special L (studies specific features of a separate lg, there is Engl that bases on general L); contrastive (compares vocabularys in different languages). 2. Connection of L with other linguistic disciplines a) the word performes a certain grammatical function (nt, he always misses the class, how many misses are there; the girl powders her nose, soliders face powder)In speech words are combined according to grammatical rules. The plural of nouns m...
Uusaja võimalikult põhjalik märksõnade järgi tehtud konspekt Sissejuhatus uusaega ja Prantsuse revolutsiooni Uusaeg kui moderniseerumise ajastu. Sai alguse Inglismaal. Ajalooline ja sotsioloogiline termin, mis viisisd vana korra tänapäeva alustele. Ühiskond muutus urbaniseerunud industrialiseerunud ühiskonnaks, kus rahvastik ei teeninud enam elatist põllumajanduses, vaid tööstuses ja kaubanduses. See oli protsess. Juba keskajal on kasutatud sõna ,,modernne", kuid esimest korda tundsid inimesed, et nad elavad moodsas ühiskonnas, oli 17. saj II poolel. Väga raske on defineerida, mis on modernne ühiskond, see näitab uusi eluviisi ja arusaama, mis olid segunenud vanadega. Märksõnadeks: ühiskond muutumis-ja kohanemisvõimeline ja laseb enda arnegut mõjutada teaduse kasvul. modernne ühiskond taotleb heaolu kasvu. puuduvad sotsiaalsed barjäärid, elukutse valik on vaba ja see pole määratud sünniga kehtib...
Stonehenge One of the best known ancient wonders of the world, 5000 years old Megalith monument, built by western mediterraneans during 3000-1600 BC Circular structure, large standing stones, aligned with rising sun at teh solstice Attlers and bones were sued to dig pits that hold the stones The Celts in Britain and their legacy 700-200 BC celts invade Britain Gaels or Goehls(Ireland and Scotland),Cymri(Wales) and Brythons(gave name to Brittany) Fierce fighters,superb horsemen.Most of them farmers, lived in thatched houses Good at art, craftmanship, used iron Divided into tribes, ruled by kings, only in face of danger would they choose a single leader Legacy- hill-forts, farms, churches, field system, woodland, pasture, weapons, iron objects, langugae, culture Caesar in Britain The great Roman Emperor Firts came 55 BC to gather information, celts ...
SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY A century ago communication across any distance was dependent upon the telegraph or letters. No jets crossed the ocean, no television pictures enabled us instantly to see events in any part of the world, there were no worldwide telephone networks and no computers. It is just a short lifetime since humanity first travelled into space and discovered how fragile our planet looks. FROM FIREWORKS TO THE MOON At first glance you might think that there couldn't possibly be anything common between a 13 th century festival in China and the Apollo 11 moon landing in 1969. However, there is a link and that is that they both relied on the use of rockets. The Chinese first developed rockets by filling bamboo tubes with an explosive made from saltpetre, charcoal, and sulphur. The sealed tubes would be thrown onto fires during celebrations because it was thought ...
UNO SOOMERE ESTONIAN SYMPHONIC MUSIC. THE FIRST CENTURY 1896-1996. AN OVERVIEW With a Historical and Cultural Summary IN MEMORY OF THE GREAT ESTONIAN COMPOSERS CONTENTS ESTONIA AND THE ESTONIANS FOREWORD IN THE FOLD OF TSARIST RUSSIA. EMERGENCE AND FIRST STEPS ON THE CLASSICAL-ROMANTIC PATH. HISTORICAL INTRODUCTION I. MUSICAL LIFE IN TARTU AT THE TURN OF THE CENTURY. TRAILBLAZERS: ALEKSANDER LÄTE, RUDOLF TOBIAS, ARTUR KAPP. II. THE FIRST DECADE OF THE 20TH CENTURY. ARTUR LEMBA: THE BEGINNING OF ESTONIAN SYMPHONY AND OPERA. III. NEW DEVELOPMENTS IN CULTURAL AND MUSICAL LIFE: THE END OF THE TSARIST PERIOD. THE INDEPENDENT REPUBLIC OF ESTONIA: THE INTRODUCTION OF INNOVATIONS FROM WESTERN ART AND THE EVOLUTION OF NATIONALLY ORIENTED MUSICAL TRENDS. IV. THE TWENTIES. ARTUR KAPP: ROMANTICIST AND DRAMATIST. V. THE INFLUENCE OF NEW WESTERN MUSIC...
Reformatsioon ja protestantism Katoliku kiriku võim nõrgenes Reformatsiooni põhjused: 1)kiriku rikkus 2)indulgentside müük 3)humanism-ilmalikkus 4)Teaduse, trükikunsti levik-raamatute, kirjasõna levik, ilmaliku haridustaseme tõus ja levik tõi välja vaimulike rumaluse. 5)rahvuskeel-rahvusriikide sünd aitas kaasa Reformatsioon sai alguse 1517 kui Luther pani Wittenbergi kiriku uksele üles 95 ladinakeelset teesi. Rahvas pooldas, kuna taheti emakeelset kirikut. Ka vürstid(Friedrich IV Tark). Karl V kuulutas Lutheri lindpriiks, Friedrich võttis ta oma hoole alla.(Wartburgi loss). Augsburgis lubati kuulata ära Lutheri põhiseisukohad, ettekande tegi Philipp Melanchton. Riigipäevale esitatud dokumenti hakati kutsuma Augsburgi usutunnistuseks. Lutheri kirik(Skandinaavia(ka Eesti), P-Saksamaa): 1)emakeelne jutlus 2)lihtne jumalateenistus emakeelse jutlusega 3)sakramentidest ristimine ja armulaud.(sümboolsed) 4)lihtne kiriku välisilme 5)jäeti püha...
Maailmakirjanduse lühiülevaade Antiikkirjandus Vana-Kreeka ja Vana-Rooma kirjandus 1000 eKr 500 pKr. Euroopa hilisem kirjandus on tugevalt antiigist mõjutatud, kuna seda nähti ideaali, eeskujuna. Eestit mõjutas antiik kirjanduse osas, eriti Kristjan Jaak Petersoni ja 20. saj alguse luulet. Arhailine periood (8.5. saj eKr): eepika ja lüürika Homeros, Hesiodos, Tyrtaios, Archilochos, Solon, Theognis, Alkaios, Sappho, Simonides, Pindaros Vanim iseseisev kirjandus, kuna ei põhinenud ühelgi varasemal kirjandusel. Suuresti mõjutasid arhailist kirjandust mütoloogia ja folkloor. Kreeka kirjanduse säilimise seisukohalt on oluline Bütsantsi kultuur ning kloostrid. Euroopasse jõudis kreeka kirjandus renessansi ajal suuresti tõlgete kaudu. Kreeka keelt oskasid keskajal vähesed. Olulisemad zanrid olid eepos ja luule. Eeposi kanti algul üle suuliselt (aoidid, rapsoodid). Säilinud eeposed pole pärit 8. ja 7. saj eKr, mil nende autorid elasid nee...
ECKHART TOLLE A NEW EARTH Awakening to Your Life's Purpose CONTENTS Chapter One The Flowering of Human Consciousness – 6 Evocation..................................................................................................6 The Purpose of This Book........................................................................8 Our Inherited Dysfunction........................................................................10 The Arising New consciousness..............................................................12 Spirituality and Religion..........................................................................14 The Urgency of Transformation...............................................................16 A New Heaven and a new Earth...............................................................18 ...
Loeng 1. Mis on kultuurantropoloogia ja mida ta uurib? Antropoloogia põhijooned. 1. Antropoloogia on võrdlev. Antropoloogid võrdlevad, mis on normaalne ühes ühiskonnas või kultuuris ei pruugi olla seda mõnes teises. 1. Kultuuride/ühiskondade vaheline võrdlus: nii erinevuse kui sarnasused. Ülemaailne (nt Nayaride pere vs eesti pere; eesti üksikemadus vs Kariibi ühiskondade üksikemadus) Regionaalne (nt sotsialismijärgsed ühiskonnad omavahel) Ühiskonnasisene (subkultuuride, klasside vms vahel) 2. Võrdlus uurijat ja teisi ühiskonnaliikmeid juhtivate eelarvamustega. Võrdlemine on ajalooliselt olnud antropoloogias väga oluline, vaadeldavat reaalsust võrreldakse koguaeg oma eelarvamuste, stereotüüpide, eeldustega aga ka selle vaadeldava ühiskonna liikmete eelarvamuste ja ootustega. 3. Antropoloogia võrdleb neutraalselt. Antropoloog üritab...
1. What is known about the earliest settlers from Estonia to the territory of the present-day US? *The first immigrants from Estonia in the US = 1627 no trace of the "Estonians and Livonians" who left their homeland to settle at the mouth of the Delaware River (a Swedish colony) · 1654 at least one Estonian in the settlement of New Sweden on the Delaware River Johan Schalbrick, a drummer from Tallinn (Reval) · New Sweden Swedish colony on the Delaware River from 16381655 · 1657 Martinus Hoffman, born in Tallinn (Reval), came to New York (New Amsterdam), started to work as a saddlemaker. · His great-granddaughter Cornelia Hoffmann (b. 1734) married Isaac Roosevelt, which makes her the great-great-grandmother of Franklin Delano Roosevelt, president of the US from 193345. · Hans Rebane = 1897 founded the first Estonian-language newspaper in the US Eesti Ameerika Po...
Russian philology The meaning of the word "philology" is "love for word". This is love that unites teachers and researchers of modern and Classical languages and literature, interpreters and diplomats, journalists and publishers, writers and poets. Russian philologis are highly demanded in various spheres of scholarly research and education, in the mass media, in civil service at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, in archives, libraries, museums, in travel agencies, as well as Russian and international companies. Curriculum within in philological faculty includes courses of Russian and European languages and literature, courses of Linguistics and Theory of Literature for students to familiarize themselves with various schools and trends of Russian and foreign philology. The core curriculum also includes a number of Liberal Arts courses (Philosophy, History, Psychology, Pedagogy), as well as courses of basic mathematics and compute...
TALLINNA TEHNIKAÜLIKOOL Majandusteaduskond Rahusvaheliste suhete instituut Rahvusvaheliste suhete ja politoloogia õppetool Anneli Kritsmann-Lekstedt IISRAELI RIIGI AJALOOLISED TAGAMAAD PALESTIINAS Kursusetöö Juhendaja: dotsent Tiiu Pohl Tallinn 2009 2 Sisukord Sissejuhatus.................................................................................................................................. 3 1. Tänapäeva Iisraeli riik ja piirkonna ajalugu.............................................................................. 5 2.Piirkonda valitsenud suured impeeriumid.................................................................................. 8 2.1 Rooma impeerium ja Bütsantsi keisririik................................................................... 8 ...
Agoraa – akropoli läheduses asuv koosoleku- ja turuplats, mille ümber paiknesid templid ja linnaelanike majad. Homerose ajal oli agoraa vabade kodanike rahva-, kohtu- ja sõjaväekogunemine, hiljem kogunemiskoht ise. Reeglina paiknesid agoraa ääres Kreeka polise ametiasutuste hooned, templid ja kauplused. Agoraa oli enamasti põhiplaanilt ristkülikukujuline ning alates klassikalisest ja hellenismi ajastust ümbritsetud sammaskäikudega ehk stoadega. Sissepääsu agoraale tähistas väravaehitis ehk propüleed. Kuulsaim agoraa on 1931. aasta väljakaevamistel põhjalikult läbiuuritud akropolise lähedal asuv Ateena agoraa. Akadeemia – Platoni asutatud filosoofiline kool Ateena lähedal, mis tegutses 385 eKr – 529 pKr. Kool sai nime oma asupaika järgi Ateena Hekademeia-nimelises hiies, millele omakorda andis nime heeros Akademos. Hekademeia oli pühapaik, mida lisaks Akademosele on seostatud ka Dioskuuride ning Dionysose kultusega. Plato...
THE W R I T E R ' S JOURNEY M Y T H I C STRUCTURE FOR W R I T E R S THIRD EDITION CHRISTOPHER VOGLER S C R E E N W R I T I N G / W R I T I N G Christopher Vogler explores the powerful relationship between mythology and storytelling in his clear, concise style that's made i this book required reading for movie executives, screenwriters, playwrights, fiction and non-fiction writers, scholars, and fans of pop culture all over the world. Discover a set of useful myth-inspired storytelling paradigms like "The Hero's Journey," and step-by-step guidelines to plot and • character development. Based on the work of Joseph Campbell, The Writers Jour...
Vabadus ja sõltuvust antiikajast 19.sajandini Marc Bloh: ,,Orjuse kaot on üheks kõige kaalukamaks muutuseks inimesse ajaloos". Tp u 27 milj inim orjuses. Ajaloos pole ühtegi kultuuri, kus poleks mingi hetk orjust esinenud. Eksam 10.01, 17.01, korduseksam 21.01. Orjust ühe def võimatu defineerida. Nt Brasiilisas Tupinamba orjad, kes ei töötanud ja keda koheldi hästi, olid rituaalselt hiljem ära söödud. Orjadel erinevates kultuurides erinev seisund. Orjus on institutsioon( õiguslik vahekord). Prja seisus on kultuurlüh seadustega määratletud. Reeglina olid orjad omandiõiguslikud objektid, kes kuulusid kellegi oomandisse ning nende isand omas nende üle suurt võimu. Orjad olid üh kõige madalam seisus. Reeglina eemaldati neilt võimalus järglasi saada või vähemalt välistati see (pereõigused puudusid). O.Patterson- orjad olid üh surnud. St üh orjadel puudus võimalus ptsida abi ja toetus üh, va oma isandalt. Sätes...
‘ Tartu Ulikool ‘ Etnoloogia Uldkursus Konspekt tundmatu tudengi laualt Tartu 1999 Sissejuhatus Lugu Konspekti koostamisel on arvestatud põhistruktuuri osas Ajaloo esimesel kursusel loe- tava sissejuhatava teema ”Etnoloogia üldkursus” kavaga. Antud on etnoloogia üldine sissejuhatus ja teaduse erinevad nimetused Euroopas ning Ameerikas. Räägitakse pea- mistest teoreetilistest ja metodoloogilistest suundumustest. Konspekti põhiosa keskendub erinevatele ainevaldadele, millega etnoloogid tegele- vad. Lõpuks antakse lühiülevaade maailma kultuuridest, käsitledes näidetena tänapäeva eelindustriaalsetest kultuuridest põhjalikumalt Vanuatu (Melaneesia) ja Mehhiko ”in- diaanlaste” kultuure. Õigused ja kohustused Te võite seda teksti vabalt trükkida ja muuta. Te võite seda levitada, kui sõber vajab — või levitamata jätta. See on iga inemise vaba voli ja südametunnistus. Keegi ei vast...
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