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around it. Establishment of Protestant churches movement was started by Martin Luther. Different branches of this movement in France Calvinism, Chatolic. Constant conflic between them in Ulster ( North-Ireland). In the 15th century printing was diccovered in Germany. 1476 a man called Caxton opened the first printing shop in London. Books became cheaper. Until that books were copied by clergyman. More books could be produced. Literacy spread, knowledge of reading. By te end of Renaissance half of the people could read. Monasteries wasn't so important anymore. Grammar schools came. Students are taught English, Latin, Ancient History, Greek, Religion and Arithmetic. One of the oldest schools was Stratford, Shakespeare taught there. Art and Literature The word Renaissance means the rebirth of ancient Rome and Greek art and literature. Ancient artists showed man as a creature full of joy of life and they glorified the beauty of man.
to grow. A new middle class emerged --bankers, merchants and trades people had a new market for their services. People became wealthier and had more than enough money to spend. They began to build larger houses, buy more expensive clothes and get interested in art and literature. The middle class population also had more free time, which they spent learning foreign languages, reading, playing musical instruments and studying other things of interest. The Renaissance was especially strong in Italian cities. They became centres of trade, wealth and education. Many cities, like Venice, Genoa and Florence had famous citizens who were very rich and gave the city a lot of money. The printing of books led to a new way of thinking. Scholars of the Renaissance returned to the writings of Greek and Roman philosophers. These writings are called the "classics". More and more scholars learned to read Greek and Latin and studied old
He hoped that man would achieve his happiness. Love of life. The problems ae serious. Comedies often contain deep philosophical thoughts and problems. Light and playful manner, smooth language. Tragedies Romeo and Juliet, Hamlet, Prince of Denmark, Othello, the Moor of Venice, King Lear, Macbeth, Anthony and Cleopatra, Coriolanus all written duing his pessimistic period, except for R/J. Within his tragedies Shakesy acts as a severe critic of the Renaissance, the difference betwen its ideals and the reality. Also, slave trade. The main character was in most cases a noble figure in a difficult situations. Shakespeare shows the weakness of his characters nature. Evil forces are only victorious to a certain extent, however in the end vitue wins. Real political and social world, the influence of the environment and history on characters. Nature is an anemey in his tragedies.
Ben Jonson: IX: Song: To Celia, II: To Penshurst; Hymn to Cynthia. 4. The arrival of classicism in England. The impact of the art collections of the Earl of Arundel and Charles I Inigo Jones, travel with Thomas Howard, Earl of Arundel. Purpose: in-depth study of ancient and modern architecture. Italy, Venice, Vicenza, Rome, Naples. New cultural scene, looked back to early Roman Empire. Arundel: influential, new ideal for gentleman’s life. Promotion of foreign culture, Renaissance Italy, world of classical antiquity. Virtue: civility, grace, elegant manners, interest in learning. In Italy excavated, brought findings to England, books, statues in anitque manner, drawings. A decade of aesthetic change and collecting mania. Had great collection, displayed in his house, medieval house got overlay in classical manner, new gallery built, Italian palazzo beside the Thames. Fame of his collection in classical antiquities. A museum garden in Italian renaissance manner
LITERATURE IN THE MIDDLE AGES. Languages spoken : English, French, Latin. There was four major dialects, east became the basic dialect because it was spoken in London. By 1476, when William Caxton introduced printing, Old English into New English. Latin was generally considered to be the language of serious writing. Religious lyrics also made an appearance at this time. Throughout the Middle Ages ballads, short folk tales that tell stories, were very popular. THE RENAISSANCE: The Literary Background 16th century, - humanism. Thomas More- brought it to England and he was arrested because he refused to acknowledge Henry VIII as the Head of the Church. Elizabeth's reign was a period of unprecedented prosperity, and both the court and the emerging middle class dedicated a lot of time to art and literature. W. Shakespeare wrote 154 sonnets, E. Spencer 88. . Spenser's belief that poetry should deal with subjects far removed from everyday life and should be
English literature is one of the oldest literatures in Europe; dates back to the 6th century AD. Oral literature, i.e. not written down, spread from person to person. In 449 AD Anglo-‐Saxon tribes invaded England – beginning of the Anglo-‐Saxon period in English literature. The first form of literature was folklore, carried by scops and gleemen, who sang in alliterative verse (a kind of simple poetry). Prose developed much later. The first form of recorded English literature was the epic Beowulf, which was produced sometime near the end of the 7th and beginning ?
The Renaissance * From the end of 15 century to the beginning of 17th century * The Renaissance is a cultural movement thata started in Italy and spread through Europe * The Renaissance in England covers the period of apporoximately 150 years (1492- 1623 ) * As Queen Elisabeth l was the ruler at that time, it is also called Elisabeth Age * It was the time of the spread of printing ( books) and the exploration of the New World * The Reformation and the establishment of national churches * Humanism. Value on individual human worth and dignity * Art. Reallistic portrayals of human beings * Science * It was also the time that brought federal domains under one man power and
Their art collections definitely left an impact, as they represented the pursuit of a greater ideal through art. (Coursebook pp. 25-31) 5. The Caroline court culture and Cavalier poetry (Carew, Suckling, Lovelace, Waller, Cowley, Herrick). Thomas Carew was a known figure in the Caroline court because of his masques and poems. Perhaps his most well-known masque is Coelum Britannicum, which was written in 1634. In it, the court witnessed the progression from Romano-British classicism to Renaissance. Sir John Suckling was a Cavalier poet known for his wit and gaiety. Suckling’s most popular poem is Ballade upon a Wedding. Richard Lovelace was a Caroline poet, who manages to paint a picture of the lovelorn Cavalier in war, while still celebrating the beauties of his graceful heroine. Lovelace’s most well-known works are To Lucasta, going to the Wars and To Althea from Prison. Waller was another Cavalier poet, who during his lifetime was quite renowned. Like the
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