design phase if the product is to be easily testable - a complex design leads to poor testability. A software product possesses the characteristic usability to the extent that it is convenient and practicable to use. This is affected by such things as the human-computer interface. The component of the software which has most impact on this is the user interface (UI), which for best usability is usually graphical (i.e. a GUI). A software product possesses the characteristic reliability to the extent that it can be expected to perform its intended functions satisfactorily. This implies a time factor in that a reliable product is expected to perform correctly over a period of time. It also encompasses environmental considerations in that the product is required to perform correctly in whichever conditions it finds itself - this is sometimes termed robustness. A software product possesses Structuredness to the extent that it possesses a definite pattern of organisation in its
- Usaldusväärsus - Mõõdik on usaldusväärne vaid niisugusel juhul, kui täpselt sama asja mõõtes saadakse kahel korral sama mõõtmistulemus – korduvtestimise usaldusväärsus - Korduvtestimise usaldusväärsuse leidmiseks peavad testi täitjad tegema testi kahel korral võimalikult väikese ajalise vahega. - Sisereliaablus - Mitmed andetöötluse tarkvarad (nt SPSS/PASW, Statistica) sisaldavad statistilist protseduuri, mida nimetatakse split-half reliability. Mõistlik oletus on see, et usaldusväärne mõõdik annab juhuslikult poolitatud alavalimitel ühesuguse tulemuse - Cronbachi alfa – sisereliaabluse indeks – iseloomustab testi küsimuste või ülesannete kooskõla - Mõõtmisvea parandus - Usaldusväärsuse peamiseks ülesandeks on anda pilt selle kohta, milline osa saadud tulemustest võiks olla tingitud mõõdetavast suurusest ja milline osa mõõtmisveast. - Valiidsus
MAINORI KÕRGKOOL Juhtimise instituut Annika Krutto ANDMEANALÜÜS SOTSIAALTEADUSTES Loengukonspekt Tartu 2009 SISUKORD SISSEJUHATUS...........................................................................................................................3 1. ANDMEANALÜÜSI põhimõisted ......................................................................................... 3 1.1 Üldkogum ja valim............................................................................................................... 3 1.2. Valimi valikumeetodid.........................................................................................................4 1.3. Mõõtmismeetod ja mõõtmisvahend ....................................................................................5 1.4. Andmetabel................................................................................................
This layer arranges the pn junction which injects minority carriers. 6) 7)Advantages:a)the highest power capabilities up to 1700 kVA,2000V,800A;b)thanks to the lower resistance than that of the MOSFET,the heating losses of the IGBT are low too;c)highest switching capabilities;d)forward voltage drop is 2-3V, that is higher than that of a bipolar transistor but lower than that of the MOSFET;e)relatively simple voltage controlled gate driver and low gate current;f)the reliability is higher than with the FET thanks to the absence of a secondary breakdown. 8)The leading manufacturer of IGBTs International Rectifier classifies the production by the four categories:1)"W"-warp speed devices for 17 to 150kHz;2)"U"-ultra fast speed devices for 10 to 75kHz;3)"F"-fast speed devices for 3 to 10kHz;4)"S"-standard speed devices for 1 to 3kHz. If Ploss = Pin, the efficiency is approx. equal to: 25% 50% 75% 100%
Jüri Uljas. Vaatluspraktika. Mainori Kõrgkool 2010. 1 VAATLUS Programm Kevad 2010 Jüri Uljas [email protected] Eesmärk: Praktika eesmärgiks on sotsiaalpsühholoogiliste teadmiste rakendamine igapäevaelu kontekstis, vaatlusoskuste ning sellealase uurimistöö oskuste arendamine. Tähtaeg: kevad 2010 1-2. Inimese uurimise tasandid. Eetika teaduses. Petmine teaduses. Uurimustele esitatavad nõuded: objektiivsus, seesmine ja väline valiidsus, reliaablus. Teooria ja uurimus. Uuringute alustamine tutvumine kirjandusega ja andmebaasidega. 3-4. Vaatlus. Vaatluse liigid. Käitumise kaardistamine: Koha-keskne ja indiviidi-keskne kaardistamine. Vaatluse organiseerimine. Vaatlusega seotud ohud ja vead. Nõuded arvestuseks: 1. Loengutest osavõtt on kohustuslik. 2. Iseseisva vaatluse programmi koostamine ja teostamine mitte vähem kui 10 tunni ...
SISUKORD C.2 OPERATSIOONISÜSTEEMID .........................................................................................2 C.2.1 PÕHIMÕTTED .........................................................................................................................2 C2.1.1 Protsessihaldus ..............................................................................................................3 C2.1.2 Mäluhaldus ................................................................................................................... 4 C2.1.3 Failihaldus.......................................................................................................................5 C2.1.4 Sisend- ja väljundseadmete haldus .................................................................................5 C2.1.5 Arvutivõrgu tugi.......................................................................................................
The Rise and Demise of the New Public Management Wolfgang Drechsler (University of Tartu and Tallinn University of Technology, Estonia) © Copyright: Wolfgang Drechsler 2005 Within the public sphere, the most important reform movement of the last quarter of a century has been the New Public Management (NPM). It is of particular interest in the post-autistic economics (pae) context because NPM largely rests on the same ideology and epistemology as standard textbook economics (STE) is based (for my take on this, see Drechsler 2000), and it has had, and still has, similar results. Already more on the defensive within public administration (PA) than STE is within economics, NPM also shows that such major paradigm shifts in theory and policy may actually happen. In addition, it occasionally appears that pae-oriented scholars have overlooked the fact that some features in public management refo...
aditiivsetest paranditest või parandusteguritest koos vastava mõõtemääramatusega. Kahe etaloni võrdlust võib vaadelda kalibreerimisena, kui võrdluse alusel kontrollitakse ja vajadusel korrigeeritakse ühele etalonidest omistatud suuruse väärtust ja mõõtemääramatust. Three main reasons for having an instrument calibrated: 1. To ensure readings from the instrument are consistent with other measurements. 2. To determine the accuracy of the instrument readings. 3. To establish the reliability of the instrument i.e. that it can be trusted. 10. MÕÕTÜHIKU JÄLGITAVUS. JÄLGITAVUSAHEL TÖÖMÕÕTEVAHENDI KALIBREERIMISEL Metroloogiline jälgitavus, metrological traceability - Mõõtetulemuse omadus, mille abil saab seda tulemust seostada primaaretaloniga dokumenteeritud katkematu kalibreerimisastendiku kaudu, kus iga kalibreerimine annab panuse mõõtemääramatusse. Primaaretaloniks võib olla mõõtühiku määratluse praktiline kehastus või mõõteprotseduur, mis sisaldab
Each station passes or repeats the special token frame around the ring to its nearest downstream neighbour. This token-passing process is used to arbitrate access to the shared ring media. Stations that have data frames to transmit must first acquire the token before they can transmit them. Token-Ring local area network (LAN) technology was developed and promoted by IBM in the early 1980s and standardised as IEEE 802.5. Token ring networks had significantly superior performance and reliability compared to early shared-media implementations of Ethernet (IEEE 802.3), and were widely adopted as a higher-performance alternative to shared-media Ethernet. However, with the development of switched Ethernet, token ring architectures lagged badly behind Ethernet in both performance and reliability. Token ring networks have since declined in usage and the standards activity has since come to a standstill as switched Ethernet has dominated the LAN/layer 2 networking market. 46. Token bus
(ii) look for a statement and a reason use smaller quadrat ; e.g. 50 cm × 50 cm for fair test ; AW use grid and random numbers ; throwing keys biased ; AW estimate, percentage cover / abundance ; A point (frame) quadrat may be single plants in some samples and many in others ; bigger study area / more data ; (keep equal numbers mounds and quadrats) improves reliability / AW ; record other plants ; could influence thyme ; measure / note, abiotic variables ; A example explanation of how named variable affects thyme ; AVP ; AVP ; 4 max [5] 108
, J. Merckelbach H., Ollendick T.H., King N.J., Bogie N., Laurinkari (eds), Social Work and Social Security in 2002. Three traditional and three new childhood a anxiety questionnaires: their reliability and validity in a normal adolescent sample. Behaviour Research and Therapy, Quarterly, 14, 3, ppl71-189 Niemelä, P., 1991. vol.40, issue 7, pp753-772 Murphy, D.M., 1985. Fears in Väestön turvattomuus- ja elämänhallintatutki-
peaceful proselytism even as both Islam and Muslim trade networks were extending into sub Saharan West Africa, Central Asia, Volga Bulgaria and the Malay archipelago. The Golden Age saw new legal, philosophical, and religious developments. The major hadith collections were compiled and the four modern Sunni Madh'habs were established. Islamic law was advanced greatly by the efforts of the early 9th century jurist alShafi'i; he codified a method to establish the reliability of hadith, a topic which had been a locus of dispute among Islamic scholars.Philosophers Ibn Sina (Avicenna) and AlFarabi sought to incorporate Greek principles into Islamic theology, while others like the 11th century theologian Abu Hamid al Ghazzali argued against them and ultimately prevailed. Finally, Sufism and Shi'ism both underwent major changes in the 9th century. Sufism became a fullfledged movement that
English literature is one of the oldest literatures in Europe; dates back to the 6th century AD. Oral literature, i.e. not written down, spread from person to person. In 449 AD Anglo-‐Saxon tribes invaded England – beginning of the Anglo-‐Saxon period in English literature. The first form of literature was folklore, carried by scops and gleemen, who sang in alliterative verse (a kind of simple poetry). Prose developed much later. The first form of recorded English literature was the epic Beowulf, which was produced sometime near the end of the 7th and beginning of the 8th century. It has no ...
Emotion regulation in relation.. 1 Emotion regulation in relation to physiological stress response. University Name Research Project Module Code: xx 2007-2008 Supervised by xxx Word count: 7261 Emotion regulation in relation.. 2 Abstract The aim of this study was to investigate the association between psychological and the biological stress response. It is known that humans, interacting with each other or their environment, have emotional reactions that are individually regulated. These emotional responses are linked to changes in autonomic and neuroendocrine systems, which are essen...
Consequently, labour, tools, equipment, and space are resources." (Ballard G,. Tommelein I., Koskela L., and Howell G. 2002) Koskela and Ballard might have a slightly different understanding of flows, but the aim is the same reduced variability in these flows is a key to better projects. Glenn Ballard and Gregory Howell noted in their research in the early 90s that only 54 % of planned tasks are completed weekly. Thus, they developed LPS in 1992 to increase the reliability of planning as a mechanism for improving project performance (see sub-chapter 3.5.1). 3.3.13 Waste identification in construction To create a flexible process (smooth and balanced flow) which also takes into account the current production status, then it is necessary to understand which activities do not create value, but only waste (in Japanese "Muda") and eliminate or mitigate them. 9 Glenn Ballard is a founding member of IGLC, a construction industry consultant, and a Lecturer in the
Keskendumine muutujatele: sõltuva ja sõltumatute muutuja suhe Mõõtmine ja operatsionaliseerimine Statistiline andmeanalüüs Arv on argument Kriitika Kontakt uurijaga väga distantseeritud . Pakub tihti formaalset, liialt üldistatud ja reaalsusega kohati vähehaakuvat pilti. Ajaloolis-kultuurilisest kontekstist mõjutatud nähtuste uurimine keeruline Mõõtmine ja skaalad kunstlikud. Mõisted Reliability Stabiilsus Konsistentsus Sotsiaalteadustes tihti raske saavutada, sest (poliitilised) hoiakud muutuvad. Kontrolli võimalused: Taas-testimine Alternatiivsete küsimuste kasutamine. Kontrollgrupp Valiidsus Valiidsus ehk kehtivus viitab eelkõige uuringutulemuste sisulisele täpsusele ja õigsusele, aga selle all peetakse silmas ka andmetekogumiseks loodud konstrukti määratlemise õigsust ja kehtivust.
Tarkvaratehnika: Loeng 1: Taust: o Tarkvara iseloom o Kõrgenenud nõudmised: Suuremad süsteemid Keerulisemad süsteemid Kiiremini Erinevad näited vigadest mis on tehtud: o Ariane Crash 1996 kosmosesüstiku alla kukkumine, tuli välja et selle alla kukkumise põhjuseks oli tarkvarasüsteemis viga ilmus trajektoori osas. o Therac-25 kiiritusravi andmises tehti viga kasutaja liideses, kus pandi vale täht ühte kohta, mille tulemusena anti 125 kordne doos patsiendile. o MCO marsi satelliidi maandumise ebaõnnestumine, nimelt tarkvara arvutas vale trajektoori, kuna oli kaks eri pikkusühikut ehk meetreid ja naela. Tarkvaratehnika ajalugu: o Esmakordselt kasutati seda NATO-s 1968, oli mõeldud ideena, kuidas to...
radiated power of the main lobe. See beam diameter. Beamwidth is usually but not always expressed in degrees and for the horizontal plane. *Antenni suunadiagrammi laius leitakse poolelt võimsuselt, seega võimsuselt peasuunavõimsus -3dB mõlemale poole* 25. Mida tähendab antennide diversiteet Antenna diversity, also known as space diversity or spatial diversity, is any one of several wireless diversity schemes that uses two or more antennas to improve the quality and reliability of a wireless link. Often, especially in urban and indoor environments, there is no clear line-of-sight (LOS) between transmitter and receiver. Instead the signal is reflected along multiple paths before finally being received. Each of these bounces can introduce phase shifts, time delays, attenuations, and distortions that can destructively interfere with one another at the aperture of the receiving antenna.
History is a human construct. Can we know the past today except through representations? Can we know the truth? 19. Historiographic Metafiction and Magic realism in the writings of Salman Rushdie.HM: big events from point of view of small individual. Goes back to the beginnning of his story, well before his birth, 1915. Exact events, dates, places, famous people (Indira Gandi).HM combines history and the presend, creates a distance. Magical elements: challenge reliability of history, existence of reality Postcolonial situation and Postcolonial trauma. Postcolonial situation · People have been colonized: politically, socially, economically, culturally · Develop imaginative and linguistic forms of articulating that exploitation · To gain a more incisive historical grasp of their situation · Woman and marginalized ethnic groups · Silent, their speech is ignored
position n. place where something can be found; job Syn. location He held a very high position in the firm. The position of aircraft wings causes the lift that allows the plane to leave the ground. practical adj. convenient or effective n. practicality Syn. functional Her ambitious plan was not very practical. Three fundamental issues in measurement are reliability, validity, and practicality. predominant adj. the most noticeable or powerful element adv. predominantly Syn. principal v. predominate n. predominance The predominant export of the Middle East is petroleum. Many cities in the southwest are predominantly hispanic. prompt v. to cause something to happen; to do adv. promptly quickly; to be on time n. promptness Syn. induce
times. (9.6 ms for 10 Mb/s Ethernet)Other stations only required to sense for carrier for 2/3 of back to backBridges/switches terminate a collision domain, enabling full long.·Normally it is due to faulty hardware or software on the In addition to previous: higher reliability and availability! inter Frame Gap after end of transmission-> can contend with the next transmission. bandwidth for each port (each segment or collision domain).Store means delay, up sending station. What are industrial (factory floor) users specifying? Frame bursting to one whole packet time
Peeter Raesaar ÕHULIINIDE PROJEKTEERIMISE KÜSIMUSI ELEKTRIRAJATISTE PROJEKTEERIMINE III osa 1. Sissejuhatus. Normatiivdokumendid. Üldpõhimõtted. 2. Õhuliinidele mõjuvad koormused 3. Juhtmete ja piksekaitsetrosside arvutus 4. Mastide arvutusest 5. Vundamentide arvutusest 6. Isolaatorid 7. Õhuliinide tarvikud 8. Trassi valik, mastide paigutus trassil 2006 ÕHULIINIDE KONSTRUKTIIVOSA PROJEKTEERIMINE 1. SISSEJUHATUS 1.1 NORMDOKUMENDID. Lähtuda tuleb reast normdokumentidest. Olulisemad: • EVS-EN 50341-1:2001: Elektriõhuliinid vahelduvpingega üle 45 kV /Overhead electrical lines exceeding AC 45 kV/ – Eesti versioon etteval- mistatud ja kuulub peatselt kinnitamisele Eesti Standardikeskuse käskkir- jaga. Hõlmab õhuliinide ja tema komponentide (juhtmed ja piksekaitsetrossid, ...
manipulates: Visual (pictures) Numeric (numbers) Character (text) Audio (sound) Instructions (programs) Modern computers work in a system of numbers called binary numbers Binary numbers: Similar to familiar decimal system. Uses only two symbols: 0 and 1. The choice of using binary numbers is dictated by cost and reliability. Binary circuits: Electronic circuits are cheapest and most reliable if they only assume two states or conditions. These binary circuits have only two states, ON or OFF. Standardized means of storing these codes: ASCII (American Standard Code for Information Interchange) EBCDIC (Extended Binary Coded Decimal Interchange Code) UNICODE (Extended ASCII)
Teadusliku uurimistöö olemus Mis on teaduslik uurimus? Teooria – olemus ja vajalikkus uurimistöös. Teooria ulatus. Empiiria ja andmed. Riigiteaduste põhi-paradigmad. Sotsiaalteaduste omapära. Mis on teaduslik uurimus? • Teadus ei tegele mingite muljetega, stiilis: “Ma usun, et Keskerakond on eesti- vastane partei” • Et “Keskerakonna eesti-vastasust” teaduslikult uurida: – Tuleks kõigepealt väga selgelt defineerida, mis on “eestivastasus” – mis tunnused sellega kaasas käivad. Ühesõnaga,meil peaks olema eesti- vastasuse teooria – Seejärel tuleks koostada kindel, uurimiskava, kuidas Keskerakonna eesti-vastasust uurida: mida me täpsemalt teada tahame, mis on meie andmeallikad, kuidas me neid andmeallikaid analüüsime, jne. – Võtame näiteks ette erakonna programmi ning kindlate tekstianalüüsi meetoditega (kontentanalüüs, diskursuse ananlüüs) püüame leida eesti- vastasusele leidvaid kohti – Küsitleme erakonna liikmeid ja püüame oma küsimusteg...
RALU Register Arithmetic Logic Unit RAM Random Access Memory .RAM Real Audio Metafile (file name extension) RAMDAC Random Access Memory Digital-to-Analog Converter [Sierra] RAMP Remote Access Maintenance Protocol [Internet] RAN Radio Access Network + Regional Advanced Network RAND Random RAP Rapid Application Prototyping RARP Reverse Address Resolution Protocol RAS Random Access Storage + Reader Admission System [British Library] + Reliability, Availability and Serviceability + Remote Access Service + Row Address Select RASAPI Remote Access Service Application Programming Interface [Microsoft] .RAT Rating (file name extension) RAVE Rendering Acceleration Virtual Engine [Apple Computer] .RAW Raw Data (file name extension) RB Right Button (of 2 or 3 button Mouse) RBBS Remote Bulletin Board System RBCS Remote Bar Code System RBOC Regional Bell Operating Company .RC Resource (file name extension)
products. These suppliers have been producing private chart data for a number of years and have established themselves in the market. They were the pioneers and have established the idea and the use of electronic chart systems on vessels. Their charts are derived from Hydrographic Office paper charts or Hydrographic Office digital data. Hydrographic Offices do not take any responsibility for the accuracy or reliability of privately produced charts. Where the vessel operates with ECS, the paper chart remains the official basis for navigation onboard. The vessel must retain and use a full folio of up-to-date paper charts onboard, regardless of the type of electronic charts used. Because ECS is not intended to meet SOLAS requirements, there are no IMO Performance Standards6 for ECS. 6 The International Organisation for Standardization (ISO) has developed a Standard for ECS
Pilet nr 1: 1) IT organisatsioon ja rollid. Ülalhoiu funktsioon ja põhiülesanded Liigitatakse vertikaalseteks (toetavad valdkonnad) ja horisontaalseteks (funktsiooni tüübid). IT jaotub horisontaalseks tegevusalaks: · Arendus o Luua uut funktsionaalsust, “time-to-market” sihteesmärk · Ülalhoid o Säilitada olemasoleva funktsionaalsuse töövõime võimalikult madalate kuludega. Stabiilne, muutumatu keskkond sihteesmärgiks Ülalhoid jaguneb IT haldamise (tugi ja hooldus) ja serverite, rakenduste ülalhoiuga (IT Operations) tegelavateks harudeks. · (Taristu – kui see pole eelmise kahe sees) Rollid Arendus • progeja • süsteemianalüütik • projektijuht • arhitekt IT haldamine (maintenance) • kasutajaabi spetsialist • (on-site) hooldusspetsialist • Riistvara spetsialist • Sisseostu spetsialist (arvutite ost, kasutajate tugi) IT ülalhoid (operations) • Administr...
· Töökindluse tõstmine. o The failure of mechanical devices is similar in many ways to the life or death of biological organisms. Statistical models appropriate for any of these topics are generically called "time-to-event" models. Death or failure is called an "event", and the goal is to project or forecast the rate of events for a given population or probability of an event for an individual. o Computer software exists to quantify complex system reliability, for example, the SAPHIRE software. 50
Andemanalüüsi konspekt: Mõisteid küsitakse eksamis: näidete toomise, selgitamise, võrdlemise ja analüüsimise tasandil. Binaarne tunnus- sugu; jah/ei Järjestustunnus- kooli tüüp, 1-väga hea, 2- hea jne(NB!- Õpilaste hinnang koolile), kui suured on klaassid- väga suured, suured jne, milline kooli maine- väga hea, hea jne, millisesse vahemikku jääb arv (0-200, 201-301 jne) oluline oleks, et Display frequence ees oleks linnuke, siis saab teha sagedustabeli Intervalltunnus- 1-väga hea, 2-hea jne (NB!_- Kooli hoolekogu hinnang eelmise õppeaasta tulemustele?/ Kooli hoolekogu hinnang eelmise aasta juhtimisele?) , hulk (n: minu klassi avatakse), vanus (keskmine vanus), kui kaugel asub kool millestki- km-tes, Nimitunnus- millegi nimi, huviringude nimed, kooli nimi jne, kas koolis töötab nõustaja- ei tööta, töötab, mõlemad jne, Kiire üle...
switched to UNIX were able to run a single operating system on all of their computers, even if their computers came from multiple manufacturers. •Eventually UNIX spread into the business community, and pushed aside almost all proprietary mainframe and minicomputer operating systems. Only IBM’s MVS and DEC’s OpenVMS survived in common use (MVS because of the sheer number of installations using it and OpenVMS in the banking and financial community because of its high reliability, security, and preservation of data). Even IBM and DEC ended up offering their own versions of UNIX as well as their proprietary operating systems. ITK 2007, Kalev Pihl Sissejuhatus informaatikasse 17 ITK 2007, Kalev Pihl Sissejuhatus informaatikasse 18 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/32/Unix.png Loe juurde! •http://www.unix.org/what_is_unix.html •http://www.microsoft.com/windows/default.mspx •http://www.linux.org/lessons/ •http://www.apple
• Locations subject to static electricity or other forms of noise. • Locations subject to strong electromagnetic fields. • Locations subject to possible exposure to radioactivity. • Locations close to power supplies. ! Caution The operating environment of the PC System can have a large effect on the lon- gevity and reliability of the system. Improper operating environments can lead to malfunction, failure, and other unforeseeable problems with the PC System. Be sure that the operating environment is within the specified conditions at installa- tion and remains within the specified conditions during the life of the system. 5 Application Precautions
matters of accounting and reporting of the heads of organizations, accountants and other officials. The law took the existing accounting experience in a market economy, open reference to the Russian tradition and the current in the Russian civil, labor and business law. It defines the conceptual provisions and the general principles of organization and accounting, rights, duties and responsibilities of legal entities and individuals; measures to ensure the reliability of the financial information, the manner of publication of financial statements, and the entire system of state regulation of accounting. The content and sequence of presentation of the basic accounting tasks most definitely indicates priorities and appointment information formed in the system of accounting. Accounting and financial reporting are designed to meet the needs of owners and managers, as well as investors and creditors the necessary financial information to them.
less symphatical than Washington. Drawing these parallels Vidal shows that corruption has always been in the American government. 24.04.2013 Historiografic metafiction as a post-modern genre, in her, Hutcheon (Canadian writer), theorie (historiografie was history is recorded/metafiction fiction about fiction). The recordgin of historical facts and fictions. The techniques have narrative quality. It's a literary genre that denies the traditional reliability concept of history but at the same time attempts to reclaim historical sigunificants. An important feature is blurring the line between history and fiction. To sho that history is neither absolute nor finite. And again in accordance to post- modernism it all depends on the point of view, there can be many histories. A writer who represents this genre better than anyone is E.Z Doctorow (1931-). The period is know for it's anarchist attacts
envisioned for a momentary exchange of letters between several isolated people and a method of cryptography intended to govern the correspondence between different army chiefs for an unlimited time," he wrote. In that one sentence, Kerckhoffs differentiates pre-telegraphy military communications from post-. The sentence is pregnant with most of the requirements that have come to be demanded of systems of military cryptography, requirements such as simplicity, reliability, rapidity, and so on. This clear recognition of the new order constitutes Kerckhoffs' first great contribution to cryptology. The second was to reaffirm in a modern context the principle that only cryptanalysts can know the security of a cipher system. It is the form of judgment which is still used. From these two fundamental principles for selecting usable field ciphers, Kerckhoffs deduced six specific requirements: (1) the system
программного обеспечения, отказов приложений, неполадок оборудования, ошибок Windows и разных других неполадок. Щелкните определенный день в диаграмме, чтобы просмотреть данные стабильности за этот день. Монитор стабильности отображает данные, собираемые компонентом Reliability Analysis Component (RAC), который реализован как RACAgent.exe. Этот исполняемый файл запускается ежечасно в качестве скрытого запланированного задания. Чтобы просмотреть это задание, выберите узел КонфигурацияПланировщик заданийБиблиотека планировщика
world. The phenotypic approach (i.e., the from the food sample. Furthermore, another identification based on assimilation–fermen- technique that has not yet been applied in tation–growth challenges) has been the first fermented sausages is fluorescence in situ to be applied and is still in use, despite its hybridization (FISH). In this technique, the drawbacks regarding reliability and accu- direct detection of a microorganism in a food racy, even at species level. The most fre- sample is achieved by using specific probes quently applied and most reliable technique that allow spatial distribution studies to take is sequencing of the 16S-rRNA gene. This place. technique has been applied either in combi- The microorganisms that are most fre-
Analog Interfacing to Embedded Microprocessors Real World Design Analog Interfacing to Embedded Microprocessors Real World Design Stuart Ball Boston Oxford Auckland Johannesburg Melbourne New Delhi Newnes is an imprint of Butterworth–Heinemann. Copyright © 2001 by Butterworth–Heinemann A member of the Reed Elsevier group All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher. Recognizing the importance of preserving what has been written, Butterworth–Heinemann prints its books on acid-free paper whenever possible. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Ball, Stuart R., 1956– Analog interfacing to embedded microprocessors : real world design / Stuart Ball. p. cm. ISBN 0-7506-7339-7 (pbk...
thing, to retaliate. I don't consider myself pugnacious by nature, but I actively advocate such bel- ligerent actions because in a way I am at war with the exploiters. We all are. It is im- portant to recognize, however, that their motive for profit is not the cause for hostilities; that motive, after all, is something we each share to an extent. The real treachery, and what we cannot tolerate, is any attempt to make their profit in a way that threatens the reliability of our shortcuts. The blitz of modern daily life de- mands that we have faithful shortcuts, sound rules of thumb in order to handle it all. These are no longer luxuries; they are out-and-out necessities that figure to be- come increasingly vital as the pulse quickens. That is why we should want to retal- iate whenever we see someone betraying one of our rules of thumb for profit. We want that rule to be as effective as possible. To the degree that its fitness for duty is
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