Shopping - pleasure or obligation We need to do shopping almost every day. Because we had to buy meat, fruits and other food products. Furthermore people need medicines clothes and stationary. But buying isn't always obligation to demand basic needs. Perhaps it cab be pleasure. Right now huge department stores and supermarkets are very poplar places. In there you can do everything, start the day with shopping and end with eating. Positive is that you can find almost everything in big shop. Very exciting places for shopping is marketplaces, flea market and street markets like Portobello Road Market in London. There you will find collectible and antique junk
Modal Verbs Table of Contents Introduction ......................................................................... 2 Characteristics of Modal Verbs ............................................. 2 When to use the Modal Verbs ............................................... 3 Expressing permission.......................................................... 3 Expressing obligation ........................................................... 3 Making offers........................................................................ 5 Making requests ................................................................... 6 Expressing possibility/probability......................................... 7 Asking about possibilities ..................................................... 7 Infinitives ............................................................................. 8
algatusel ellukutsutud projekt (Infovastupanu) andmetel osales juuli alguse seisuga Donbassi piirkonna relvastatud konfliktis umbes 3000 hea sõjalise ettevalmistusega Venemaa kodanikku. Iga lahingupäeva eest saadav miinimumtasu oli 1000 USD. Terrorismivastase operatsiooni taasalustamisega juuli alguses kaasnes naaberriigis õhudessantvägede võitlejate matuste sagenemine. Military branches: Ground Forces, Naval Forces, Air Forces (2013) Military service age and obligation: 18-25 years of age for compulsory and voluntary military service; conscript service obligation is 12 months for Army and Air Force, 18 months for Navy (2012) Manpower available for military service: Pauletta Talmon males age 16-49: 10,984,394 females age 16-49: 11.26 million (2010 est.) Manpower fit for military service: males age 16-49: 6,893,551 females age 16-49: 8,792,504 (2010 est.)
Ability Lack of ability Obligation/duty Necessity can can't must need to could couldn't have (got) to have to was able to wasn't able to absence: needn't Prohibition Suggestion Probability Possibility mustn't ought to ought to can can't should should could must may might Asking for permission Giving/Refusing Talking about Making requests can permission permission can could can/can't can will may may/may not are allowed to could might ...
58. suspension of limitations aegumise peatumine 59. interruption of limitation period aegumise katkemine 60. real rights asjaõigused (a proprietary right enforceable against the whole world) 61. right of ownership omandiõigus (the exclusive right to use, possess and dispose of property) 62. limited real rights piiratud asjaõigused 63. movable things vallasasjad 64. immovable things kinnisasjad (land and houses and other buildings on land) 65. maintenance obligation in a family ülalpidamiskohustus 66. guardianship (custody) eestkoste (control of a person such as the right and duty of a parent to keep and bring up a child after a divorce) 67. acceptance of succession pärandi vastuvõtmine 68. on the basis of a will (testate) testamendijärgne 69. pursuant to law (intestate) seadusjärgne pärimine 70. bequeather pärandaja 71. non-contractual obligations lepinguvälised kohustused 72
Big companies are using many intensive techniques to promote their products. Now big companies are targeting very young people. Often companies advertise their products, like toys, on children's television. Many ads on television are for foods and soft drinks, which are not healthy. Children are easy targets because they does not necessarily care how useless some products are. To be honest, marketing is aimed at a very impressionable age group. Although it is parents' obligation to monitor what their children eat, drink or play with, many companies are still exploiting children for their own financial gain.
täpselt määratlevat õigused ja kohustused. Moraalinormid kehtivad printsiipide, põhimõtetena. On ebamäärased. Ka vastutus sõltub sellest, milline on keskkonna reaktsioon. Theory on the rights of a child ehk Interest Theory?! (Sund): According to the Interest theory, a child has a plethora of interests. Some are explicitly, in the legal sources of each country, qualified as rights. Other interests are treated as rights, if another person has an obligation to enhance or protect certain interests of the child. The performance of some obligations is controlled via sanctions. Thus, not all the interests of a child have a corresponding right or obligation. Not all rights have a corresponding obligation. Lastly, far from all obligations have sanctions attached to them. The function of rights is to be a link between the obligations of e.g. parents and the interests of children. Differences between rights are important. We distinguish between operative
Might Possibility (less possible than may)- It might rain today. Hesitant offer- Might I help you? Must/ought to Must Must expresses what the speaker thinks is necessary. Force, necessity- I must go to the supermarket today. Possibility- You must be tired. Advice, recommendation- You must see the new film with Brad Pitt. Ought to Ought to means a suggestion. You should do something but you don't have to do it. Advice- You ought to drive carefully in bad weather. Obligation-You ought to switch off the light when you leave the room. Should We often use should when offering advice or opinions. Advice- You should drive carefully in bad weather. Obligation- You should switch off the light when you leave the room. Would The word would is used for unreal or imagined situations: 'I would love to visit New York.' Wish, request (more polite than will)- Would you shut the door, please? Habits in the past- Sometimes
to go to work. If someone going to universty then he get a free place or he have to pay for it. But tuiton is very high, what its hard to pay at a time. In order to pay tiution, students should go to work while studying. Secondly the good thing is, if you work while studing, you always have a allowence. When class is going to travel, then you have the Money to pay for it. And you don't have to ask Money for your parents. Bad thing is that the work disturb studying. Beacuse you have two big obligation, where you can not miss. You don't have time to commit studying and your marks will be Worse. Work while studying is a big burden. Sometimes the work plan dont match with school plan. Therefore you have to miss some lessons. But then you miss the things what the others studied. In conclusion we can say that work while studying is a very hard. Beacuse of this people have to able planing the time and able to work while studying.
Unit 5: vocabulary Sports To score (v.) to get a point in a game Referee (n.) the person who makes sure players follow the rules Competitive (adj.) eager to win Draw (n.) Tie; A situation where both teams have equal amount of points in the end of a game Fencing (n.) Sport in which an epee, foil or saber is used for defense and attack Permission (n.) Permit; Consent To permit (v.) to allow Prohibition (n.) ban To prohibit (v.) to ban Obligation (n.) duty Obligatory (adj.) mandatory; compulsory To be allowed to (v.) to be permitted to To be required to (v.) to be obligated to; to have to Athlete (n.) sports(wo)man Archery (n.) sport in which arrows are shot at a target with a bow To be keen on (v.) to like something To be good at (v.) to be successful at Trophy (n.) something material one receives for winning To ought to (v.) should Inevitable (adj.) unable to be avoided; sure to happen Gadget (n
Conditions refer to the intended purpose of the loan, for example working capital, additional equipment, or new offices. The size of loan in relation to the specific use will help the lender evaluate your loan request. Conditions also include the national, industry level, and local economic situation. A volatile or unstable economic situation can negatively impact the evaluation. However, positive expectations can increase the likelihood of obtaining the loan. Character is the obligation that a borrower feels to repay the loan. Since there is not an accurate way to judge character, the lender will decide subjectively whether or not you are sufficiently trustworthy to repay the loan. The lender will investigate your payment history, review a credit bureau report, and consider your educational background and experience in business. The quality of your references and the background and experience of your employees will also be considered.
pikalt kuumutamine M Markups märgendused, hinnakõrgendid Measurable mõõdetav Measuring mõõtmine Media clutter meediasegadus Monolith monoliit Mortgages hüpoteegid N Narrative jutustus Neglected hüljatud, järelvalveta Net võrk No-brainer ajuta Nondescript ebamäärane Non-profit mittetulundus-, mittekasulik O Oak casks tammevaadid Obligation kohustus, võlakiri Obscure drugstore hämar rohupood (apteek) Observable vaadeldav, mõõdetav Obsession kinnisidee Occur ilmuma, pähe torkama Offering pakkumine One-stop üksikpeatus Opposite vastand Output toodang Overstatement liialdus Overwhelmed alla jäänud P Pablum pouring läbinämmutatud loba tulv Paradigm musternäidis
I Locke defines political power as the right to make laws for the protection and regulation of property. In his view, these laws only work because the people accept them and because they are for the public good. Monarchy is not derived from god or a direct decender of leaders described in the Old testament. Sovereign protects people and their property. Sovereginity not analouges to a father's relation to his children husband, wife etc II People have an obligation to punish those who go against God's will and attempt to harm another by compromising his life, liberty, or possessions. In the state of nature man is equal to his fellows Man has the obligation of treating others as he would want to be treated Man has neither right to destroy himself or waste his property (unless in pursuit of a nobler aim) III; IV Locke outlines the differences between the state of nature and the state of war. The state of
cinemas grasp on the society compared to books, which are relatively cost efficient, easy to distribute and mostly always available in the libraries. In my opinion, cinema is rather a medium of opportunities. Driving to the cinema, watching a movie is relatively easy, at least in Estonia. It requires only two hours of my day, few euros and all i have to do is sit and watch. I agree, technically and timewise, cinema is limited as medium and has an obligation by default to be entertaining but recently filmmakers have start using cinema as an education tool as well. For example, the movie Big Short (2015) does both. It is entertaining and same time explaining complex financial terms to the regular bloke, in a way that is understandable.As A. O. Scott said, „It wants not only to explain the financial crisis of 2008 but also to make the dry, complex abstractions of high finance exciting and fun.“ (New York Times, A. O. Scott, 2015)
d) At the end of the story, the hero manages to arrest i) After ten years in prison, Stephen was... and set free. the... A) pardoned B) released C) innocent D) forgiven A) offenders B) villains C) wrongs D) evils j) The detective inspector told the young ... to make e) I had to answer question A because it was ... some tea. A) compulsory B) necessary C) a must D) an obligation A) officer B) official C) guardian D) police Task 6. Rewrite each sentence, beginning as shown, so that the meaning stays the same. a) They said that John had stolen the money. They accused John of stealing the money. b) Ian said that he hadn't punched anybody. Ian denied c) 'OK, Andy, you can go now,' said the detective. The detective gave Andy d) 'James Frogget, you will go to prison for ten years,' said the judge. The judge sentenced e) 'I forged the signature,' said Mary
with the ordinary legislative procedure. These courts have jurisdiction at first instance in certain categories of action on specific matters. Different types of action The CJEU is responsible for ensuring compliance with European law. It has jurisdiction in actions brought by Member States, other European institutions and European citizens. There are several types of procedure: · the action for annulment; · the proceedings for failure to fulfil an obligation; · the proceedings for failure to act; · the action for damages; · the reference for a preliminary ruling. INTERNATIONAL COURTS There is a wide range of courts and tribunals that hear disputes at international level and which have their headquarters on European territory. However, these courts do not come under the auspices of the European Union. They are: · the courts of other European organisations, in particular the European Court of Human
Travelling is difficult, getting visas in grey passports; stateless person doesn't have the consulate protection abroad; stateless persons don't have political rights (they have all other rights), that means to elect and to be elected on the parliamentary level and cannot get positions on the state service. Harder to trace criminal. Why is international community against dual-citizenship? People have additional obligations (military obligation, paying taxes) and additional rights. For states it's difficult to trace criminals etc. A defined territory Government Capacity to enter into relations with other states (def from the convention) if states can enter into relations with other states ,it means that the state is recognized by other surrounding states or by the states which have relationship with the specific state. Sovereignty: internal and external Lecture 3 A defined territory
are shipped, and "FOB destination" states that the seller retains the risk of loss until the goods reach the buyer) and container drops from the crane in the loading port, it is the risk for the seller. If cargo moves EXW (Ex works; This rule places minimum responsibility on the seller, who merely has to make the goods available, suitably packaged, at the specified place, usually the seller’s factory or depot), the loading of the container at sellers warehouse an obligation for the buyer. If cargo moves CIF (Cost, insurance and freight; The CIF term requires the seller to clear the goods for export) , the sea transport pays seller. If cargo moves FOB and goes over board during a storm, the risk bears buyer. The bill of lading (B/L) works as a receipt of freight services, a contract between a freight carrier and shipper and a document of title. The bill of lading is a legally binding document providing the driver and the carrier all the details
Travelling judges moved around the country solving different criminal cases and civil disputes. The most important part of common law is precedent. It means that in case essential elements of the case are the same as in previous recorded cases, judges are bound to reach same verdict. Government passing new legislations if they feel existing common law, statues or equitable, help courts to avoid the obligation to use precedent. Common law used to be divided into two: common law, equity. Equity cases were not enforced as common law and was mostly used to make someone do something, such as force someone to follow obligations of the contract. Common law has spread all over the world because of the once owned colonies of Britain, especially Unites States. Judges in common law cannot directly support their decisions by cases from another county, but it is permissible to note such evidence.
If a probationary term is agreed for a minimum term, the right of withdrawal cannot be exercised by either party before the expiry of such term. The probationary period – which successfully expired – is to be included in the employee’s length of service. The duties assigned to the employee must be described in detail. 5. Remedies in case of illegal dismissal in Italy Discriminatory dismissal – the dismissal is deemed null and void and the employer has the obligation to rehire the workers. In alternative, the employee can decide to ask for payment of up to 15 months’ pay, considering their last salary (decision has to be made in 30 days from the employer’s decision). Also, judge can offer this payment. To calculate the amount the judge considers the last salary paid to the worker from the date of dismissal up to the date of effective reinstatement, deducted the earnings
4. plaintiff - the party bringing a civil action in USA, also in Estonia 5. defendant - the party against whom a civil action is started 6. defence (counsel) – protection of smb in the civil proceeding 7. prosecution – the party bringing a criminal action 8. inadmissible evidence – the evidence that is not possible to take into account 9. tracking system of claims – certain 3-level system to determine which court should hear a case 10. burden of proof – obligation to bring evidence 11. standards of proof – the level of reliability of the evidence used in the case 12. adversarial procedure – opposing parties hold a dispute in the procedure 13. inquisitorial procedure – the judge controls and starts investigation in the case 14. damages – monetary compensation which is claimed by the injured person 15. injunction – an order that requires or forbids the defendant to do smth 16
6. Effortless- pingutusetu, vaevatu, hõlpsus 7. Recalibrated- 8. Great run- suur perspektiiv 9. Markup- hinda kõrgendama 10. Advertise- teatama, kuulutama, reklaamima 11. Decent- siivus, sünnis, viisakus, korralikkus 12. Cease- lakkama, järele jääma, järele jätma Lk 20 1. Via- läbi 2. Reinvent- taassünd 3. Reserve- varuma, tagavaraks hoidma 4. Falter- vaaruma, vankuma, kõhklema, kogelema 5. Gradually- järk- järgult, vähehaaval 6. Obligation- kohustus, võlakohustus, võlg 7. Overstatement- liialdatud väide, liialdus, ülepakkumine Lk 21 1. Boisterous- tormakas, tuisakas, äge 2. Whoop- huigatus, vali hõigatus, hõisatus 3. Holler- karje 4. Vamp- ninatükk, nahalapp 5. Observable- kinnipeetav, järgitav, nähtav, märgatav 6. Cribs- sõim, plagiaat, võrevoodi Lk 22 1. Encounter- ootamatult kohtuma, kokku põrkama 2. Permanent- jääv, kestev, püsiv 3. Judgment- otsus, kohtumõistmine, nuhtlus 4
- after the modal verbs we use the infinitive without to. · ability - can, could, ( be able to) I can swim. Sarah could play the piano when she was very young. If we go to town, I'll be able to do some shopping. ___________________________________________________________________ · permission - can, may, ( be allowed to) People can/may/are allowed to drive a car in Britain when they are 17. ___________________________________________________________________ · obligation - must, have (got) to, needn't, mustn't I must hurry. Martin has got to see a doctor. I needn't wash this, it's clean. You mustn't forget my key. ___________________________________________________________________ · advice - ought to, should = something is the right thing to do You ought to walk./ Walking is the right thing for you to do./ I oughtn't to eat cakes. I shouldn't eat cakes. 35
Elizabeth Gaskell(Mary Barton), Charles Dickens, Thomas Hardy, William Makepeace Thackeray. ``The Woman Question" women wanted more rights, the role of women changed, women did efforts to move beyond the home, women forced into new kinds of labour, Jane Eyre tyoe of women versus feminists(two types). Representatives: The Brontë sisters Emily, Anne, Charlotte, George Elliot. Great Britain's identity as an imperial power Joseph Chamberlain British had the moral obligation to expand its influence around the globe("great governing race"). Benjamin Kidd social evolutionist, supported the British dominion, Europeans had a greater capacity for ruling justification of British actions overseas. British expansion pushed forward at an unprecedented rate a new era of cultural exchange(that altered the British worldview). Representatives: Rudyard Kipling, Richard Francis Burton(The Perfumed Garden, The Arabian Nights, Kama Sutra)
detailed plan will be replaced by a promenade. This year in August tensions between the Kalamaja community and the developer had hit a high when Pro Kapital decided to build a fence around its property. Not only did they enclose their own property, but also fenced the entire seaside preventing public access. Pro Kapital said that they are allowed to build a fence around the port while it is developed. (Kuusk, 2015). They believe that they have no obligation to provide public access to the beach or the sea, as there is a harbour adjacent to the beach. Not surprisingly, the locals and the residents of Tallinn did not approve this kind of action. Locals disagree with Pro Kapital idea of a port as Kalasadam harbour is separate from Kalaranna beach. 3 Knowing that the City Council would not have given the permission to build a fence around
verses from the Koran. A mosque is a place of worship for Muslims, who often refer to it by its Arabic name, masijd. Although the primary purpose of the mosque is to serve as a place of prayer, it is alsom important to the Muslim community as a place to meet and study. ,,Zakat" is giving a fixed portion of accumulated wealth by those who can afford it to help poor or needy and for those employed to collect Zakat. It is considered a religious obligation that the well-off owe to the needy because their wealth is seen as a ,,trust from God's bounty" .Conservative estimates of annual zakat is estimated to be 15 tims global humanitarian aid contributions. The amount of zakat to be paid on capital assets for people who are not poor. The Koran and the hadith also urge a Muslim to give even more as an act of voluntary alms-giving called sadaqah. Fasting from food and drink must be performed from dawn to dusk during the month of Ramadhan
5. plaintiff - the party starting a civil action against defendant (EST, USA) 6. defendant - a person sued or accused in a court of law 7. defence (counsel) - lawyers who represent persons facing criminal charges 8. prosecution - a criminal procedure is started in the name of the state by a prosecution 9. tracking system of claims - determines which court should hear a case, claims are divided into three groups (tracks) according to the value of the claim. 10. burden of proof - the obligation of a party in a trial to produce the evidence that will prove the claims they have made against the other party 11. legal remedy - the means with which a court imposes a penalty 12. damages - monetary compensation that is awarded by a court in a civil action to defendant 13. injunction - an order that forbids or requires the defendant to do something 14. specific performance - an order to preform the contract 1
Batumi Airport, Kutaisi and Senaki airports, Tbilisi Airport, Batumi Seaport, Poti and Kulevi Seaports. Article 2. Presentation of goods in the portal 1. Goods from the moment of entering the economic territory of Georgia or from the moment of finalizing the registration in the case of exports are subject to State control thus shall be pre- sented in accordance with the regulation specified in this Article. This obligation does not apply to the goods transported via territorial waters or air space of Georgia by means of a pipeline or a power transmitting line. 2. Responsibility for presentation of goods to the portal rests with the person carrying out transportation of the goods. 3. Presentation of goods imported to the economic territory of Georgia takes place in: a) Land border checkpoints by placement of the goods in the control zone after accomplish- ment of a border checkpoint control;
on him, atone for their past sins, and think of the needy. Sawm is not obligatory for several groups for whom it would constitute an undue burden. For others, flexibility is allowed depending on circumstances, but missed fasts usually must be made up quickly. 3) Alms-Giving "Zakt" is giving a fixed portion of accumulated wealth by those who can afford it to help the poor or needy, and also to assist the spread of Islam. It is considered a religious obligation (as opposed to voluntary charity) that the well-off owe to the needy because their wealth is seen as a "trust from God's bounty". The Qur'an and the hadith also suggest a Muslim give even more as an act of voluntary alms-giving . 4) Pilgrimage The pilgrimage, called the Hajj during the Islamic month of Dhu al-Hijjah in the city of Mecca. Every able-bodied Muslim who can afford it must make the pilgrimage to Mecca at least once in his or her lifetime
You may also distinguish between your short and long term goals in the process. Secondly, you should write about how this specific college fits in your plans for achieving your goals. Open-ended Questions: Definition: Open-ended questions are non-specific, they do not require you to write about a specific thing rather they can be something like, "Please provide any additional information about you that you would like us to know". If the open-ended question is optional, don't feel an obligation to answer, only try to answer it if you really have something important to share with the review committee. Ideal response: If an open-ended question is the only essay question your application includes, you are left with a wide variety of options, you can write anything you wish to. But the most ideal thing to do would be to treat them as key influence or goal questions because these two are the most common types of specific essay questions
us to a party, we should be sure to invite them to one of ours. By virtue of the reciprocity rule, then, we are obligated to the future repayment of favors, gifts, invi- tations, and the like. So typical is it for indebtedness to accompany the receipt of such things that a phrase like "much obliged" has become a synonym for "thank you," not only in the English language but in others as well (such as with the Por- tuguese term "obrigado"). The future reach of the obligation is nicely connoted in a Japanese word for thank you, "sumimasen," which means "this will not end" in its literal form. The impressive aspect of reciprocation with its accompanying sense of obli- gation is its pervasiveness in human culture. It is so widespread that, after inten- sive study, Alvin Gouldner (1960), along with other sociologists, report that all human societies subscribe to the rule. 1 Within each society it seems pervasive also; it permeates exchanges of every kind
Obligated members of the OASIS ODF TC have agreed to make deliverables available to implementors under the OASIS Royalty Free with Limited Terms policy. Key contributor Sun Microsystems made an irrevocable intellectual property covenant, providing all implementers with the guarantee that Sun will not seek to enforce any of its enforceable U.S. or foreign patents against any implementation of the OpenDocument specification in which development Sun participates to the point of incurring an obligation.[45] A second contributor to ODF development, IBM -- which, for instance, has contributed Lotus spreadsheet documentation[46] -- has made their patent rights available through their Interoperability Specifications Pledge in which "IBM irrevocably covenants to you that it will not assert any Necessary Claims against you for your making, using, importing, selling, or offering for sale Covered Implementations." [47]
EU labour law rules take precedence over national labour law rules. Direct effect can apply both horizontally and vertically, with the distinction based on who the right is being enforced against and the nature of the right itself. Where rights conferred by a Directive are being violated by the state or emanations of the state, a citizen can exercise ‘vertical direct effect’. Vertical direct effect concerns the relationship between EU law and national law and the state’s obligation to ensure its legislation is compatible with EU law. If a provision of EU law has ‘horizontal direct effect’ citizens are able to rely on it in actions against each other. However, horizontal direct effect does not apply to EU directives, as these are generally only enforceable against the state and the Court has refused to extend the direct effect of Directives to allow for claims by individuals against other private individuals, including private employers.
raha, näiteks kuldmüntide vastu. 8. Näivraha Näivraha on mitmesugused finantsvarad, mis täidavad paljusid rahafunktsioone. Näivraha saab vahetada rahaks. Näivraha on asendusraha, millel on: · Tähtajalised hoiused- hoius (ingl k deposit) panka hoiule antud eraisiku rahasumma, mille kohta tehakse sissekandeid hoiuraamatusse. · Võlakirjad- obligatsioon ( ingl k bond, obligation)- võlakohustust tõendav väärtpaber, kindlat tulu taotlev väärtpaber,mille emitent kohustab maksma investorile kindla summa või perioodiliselt selle nimiväärtusest intressi ja ostab obligatsiooni ka tagasi, omadused tulenevad emitendi staatusest, eesmärgist, tähtajast, väljalaske vormist, tagatisest, riigilaenupiletist,pantkirjast, hüpoteekkirjast. · Aktsiad- (pr. Action;ingl k
raha, näiteks kuldmüntide vastu. 8. Näivraha Näivraha on mitmesugused finantsvarad, mis täidavad paljusid rahafunktsioone. Näivraha saab vahetada rahaks. Näivraha on asendusraha, millel on: · Tähtajalised hoiused- hoius (ingl k deposit) panka hoiule antud eraisiku rahasumma, mille kohta tehakse sissekandeid hoiuraamatusse. · Võlakirjad- obligatsioon ( ingl k bond, obligation)- võlakohustust tõendav väärtpaber, kindlat tulu taotlev väärtpaber,mille emitent kohustab maksma investorile kindla summa või perioodiliselt selle nimiväärtusest intressi ja ostab obligatsiooni ka tagasi, omadused tulenevad emitendi staatusest, eesmärgist, tähtajast, väljalaske vormist, tagatisest, riigilaenupiletist,pantkirjast, hüpoteekkirjast. · Aktsiad- (pr. Action;ingl k
" 10. Everyone knows what shit tastes like. 11. Exclusive occupancy of a private room is a basic human right. 12. Fair compensation for genius is wealth. 13. God's not perfect, so it's a pretty good bet that you're not, either. 14. Good institutions help to overcome human moral inertia. 15. I am not one of your little friends. 16. If a dimension is anywhere it's everywhere. 17. If God's not crazy, why are you? 18. If one makes a promise one shouldn't have made it cannot stand against the obligation to do the right thing. 19. If you odn't give a certain amount of attention to filtering distractions, every distraction is a catastrophe. 20. If you don't know what your duty is, your duty is to find out. 21. If you're not an animal, then you must be a vegetable. 22. If you want to get along you have to get along with those who don't want to get along. 23. If you whine whenever anybody messes with your crutches you can't claim not to be crippled. 24
11 477. presenting charges esitab süüdistuse 478. court of law kohus 479. apply rakendama 480. application kohaldamine 481. detection of a crime committed sooritatud kuriteo avastamine 482. conviction of a criminal perpetrator kuriteo toimepanija süüdimõistmine 483. execution of a punishment karistuse täidesaatmine 484. implementation täideviimine/rakendamine 485. an obligation to exercise supervision kohustus teostada järelvalvet 486. the right of intervention õigus sekkuda 487. the above-mentioned principles ülalmainitud printsiibid 488. determining määramine 489. duties of the ... ametikohustused/ülesaned 490. the principal task peaülesanne 491. preliminary investigation eeluurimine 492. extend ulatub 493. proceeding menetlus 494. sanctioning lubama/karistama 495. carrying out toob välja 496
7 John Stevens · Industrialisation (raw materials, effect on development of economy, main industries) · Formation of trusts Trusts are companies (groups) who form a monopoly · The role of Andrew Carnegie Businessman and philanthropist Embodies the "rags-to-riches" American dream Carnegie Steel Company was the world's largest steel manufacturer After selling the company he devoted his life to philanthropy Believed that the rich have a moral obligation to give back to humanity (charities) · The role of John D. Rockefeller Industrialist and philanthropist Founder of the Standard Oil Company (1870.) During the 1890s turned his attention to charities and devoted himself to philanthrophy · The role of Henry Ford Automobile manufacturer (8.) 1896 invented the Quadricycle (8.) 1903 - Ford Motor Company was founded Massproduction cars => urbanisation VIII Immigration to the US
Equitable - õiglane Appealing - appelleerima Chancellor kantsler Solve disputes vaidlust lahendama Enforce sundima Fulfill a contract lepingut täitma Pay damages kahjutasu maksma Beneficiary kellegi kasuks Bring actions kohtuasja algatama Breach of contract lepingu rikkumine Specific performance täitmine natuuras Trust hooldusel olev ese või vara Trust deed volikiri Source of law õiguse allikas Avoid the obligation to kohustust välitma Computer theft arvuti abil kahju tegemine (nt häkkimine) Former, ex endine Evidence, proof tõend Unified ühine Codified kodifitseeritud inherited pärima egalitarian kõik on võrdsed (pole term) lawmakers seadusetegijad judiciary kõik kohtunikud kokku canon law kanooniline-/kirikuõigus supersede, replace välja vahetama/tõrjuma impact, influence mõju challenge vaidlustama secular ilmalik section paragrahv (seaduses)
lähtumine ühelt poolt nö puhtalt vaadeldavast, "normatiivse teooriaga" koormamata inimloomusest, ning teiselt poolt seda loomust ohjeldava riigi ja õiguse olemasolust]. [Finnis 208] Hobbes is writing: Jus, and lex, right and law ... ought to be distinguished; because RIGHT, consisteth in liberty to do, or to forbear; whereas LAW, determineth and bindeth to one of them: so that law, and right, differ as much, as obligation, and liberty; which in one and the same matter are inconsistent.12 / Pushed as far as Hobbes's purposes, this contrast between law and rights deprives the notion of rights of virtually all its normative significance. Hobbes wishes to say that a man has most rights when he is in the 'state of nature, i.e. a vacuum of law and obligation, since 'in such a condition, every man has a right to everything; even to one another's body'.13 But we could just as well say that in
to be the first to initiate bankruptcy proceedings; This way, you can protect yourself from these risks and find freedom from financial obligations! Trustee in bankruptcy must be independent and disinterested person filing for bankruptcy, but as the liquidator hired you, and therefore you are paying for trustee and the liquidator, in the first place, will listen to your wishes. Head of the debtor is liable with the debtor if the accounting documents and (or) the reporting obligation for the collection, compilation, maintenance and storage of which is set by the legislation of the Russian Federation, at the time of the determination, the introduction of monitoring or decision to declare the debtor bankrupt or don't contain information about the assets and liabilities of the debtor and their movement, collecting, recording and summarizing which are mandatory according to the legislation of the Russian Federation, or if this information is distorted.
The prayers are recited in the Arabic language, and consist of verses from the Qur'an. 5|Page · Zakat, or almsgiving. This is the practice of giving based on accumulated wealth, and is obligatory for all Muslims who can afford it. A fixed portion is spent to help the poor or needy, and also to assist the spread of Islam. The zakat is considered a religious obligation (as opposed to voluntary charity) that the welloff owe to the needy because their wealth is seen as a "trust from God's bounty". The Qur'an and the hadith also suggest a Muslim give even more as an act of voluntary almsgiving (sadaqah). Many Shi'ites are expected to pay an additional amount in the form of a khums tax, which they consider to be a separate ritual practice. · Sawm, or fasting during the month of Ramadan. Muslims must not eat or drink
been made and any preventive measures identified have been implemented. 6. Practical guidelines for the determination and assessment of risk, and for their review and, if necessary, adjustment, shall be developed in accordance with Article 12(2). Article 5 General principles for prevention of risks associated with hazardous chemical agents and application of this Directive in relation to assessment of risks 1. In carrying out his obligation to ensure the health and safety of workers in any activity involving hazardous chemical agents the employer shall take the necessary preventive measures set out in Article 6(1) and (2) of Directive 89/391/EEC and include the measures set out in this Directive. 2. Risks to the health and safety of workers at work involving hazardous chemical agents shall be eliminated or reduced to a minimum by: - the design and organisation of systems of work at the workplace,
accused committed the crime charged. Also very strict rules of evidence are imposed in criminal court to ensure a fair hearing. In Estonia the crimes are dealt with in county courts. The decision of a court can be appealed to the circuit court. The purpose of the criminal courts is to determine if the accused person has committed a crime and punish the lawbreaker (wrongdoer). It is important to protect the society and punish only persons who are guilty of a crime. The burden of proof (the obligation of proving) is on the prosecutor to prove beyond reasonable doubt that the accused (a person who is maybe guilty of a crime) committed a crime. In England children and the young persons who are accused of committing a crime are tried without a jury (a group of people who have been chosen to listen to all the facts in a trial in a law court and to decide whether a person is guilty or not guilty). In Estonia the first degree crimes are dealt with in county courts. Less serious crimes are
http://wales.gov.uk/dcells/publications/curriculum_and_assessment/arevisedcurriculumfor wales/personalandsocialeducation/PSE_Framework_WEB_(E).pdf?lang=en [accessed 28 April 2014] 21 UNCRC (2013) into the Council`s policy in order to tackle this issue. 88 By becoming the first children`s rights capital in Wales, Swansea Council, like the Welsh Government, has taken an obligation to have due regard to children and young people's rights.89 In this context, an annual Children and Young People`s Rights Scheme is due to be published to monitor the process of the Council in implementing its `due regard` duty to children`s rights. Moreover, the Council continues working closely with Swansea University which hosts the Wales Observatory on Human Rights of Children and Young People, to act as an external
It is inevitable in universal public schooling that the extreme students, either dull or bright, will be hurt by our emphasis on the average. It is horrible to admit, but our society cannot assume that all members are capable of being well educated. We have unequal physical, mental and environmental status, and the poorer fringe will always exist. Those of us lucky enough to have a conscience, mature enough to see how things really are, must do what we can to help the less fortunate. Obligation to help. How can a rich person help a poor one? By giving some money? Well, can smart, or educated people give education to those needing it? Sometimes just taking the time to discuss things with troubled people is a great favor and aid. I don't have much surplus money to give to worthy causes, yet donate my time freely. I don't pretend to be able to educate in general -- but do know enough about plant life in Seattle to be valuable teaching that
kodumaisele Ele, kes on ju kliendi agent. Multimodaalsed spetsioonifirmad pakuvad ühe firma vastutust. pakutakse teenust ühe firma (ärinime) all takistamaks kompetentsuse ja vastutuse profiili. Speditöörid võivad ühendada oma jõud korrespondentiga teenuste pakkumisel, vastutavad kui partnerid. Speditööri kohustused Olles agent, vastutab oma printsipaali ees. Kohustus olla arukalt hoolikas. Obligation to exercise reasonable care. "reasonable" mõistlik, arukas viitab huvide konkurentsile, hind ja teenuse tase kohus võrdleb riskiastet, võimalike kaotuste suurust ja ettevaatusabinõude hinda kui palju on katastroofiline ja ettevaatusabinõu maksumus tühine, siis pole E olnud "arukalt hooliks". kohtud arvestavad ka väljakujunenud käitumismalli. Hoiak täiuslikuma teenuse suunas. ISO 9000 omab ka mõju
HTP residents pay 1% of their revenue to the HTP Administration and enjoy the following benefits: Exemption from CPT. 68 Exemption from VAT on the sale of goods, work or services or from the transfer of property rights in Belarus (a few exceptions include rental pay received from leased out immovable property and sale of goods placed under customs procedures of export, re- export or exported to Customs Union's countries without an obligation to return such goods to Belarus). Exemption from land tax (but for not more than three years) within the HTP during the construction by HTP residents of buildings and structures on it for their own activity. Exemption from real estate tax paid for buildings and construction (including over- normative construction in progress) which are in the HTP, except for buildings and construction (or parts of them) that are leased out.
Õigus kui selline ja kui seda vabadust/õigust piirata, siis see, mis pärast õiguse piiramist järele jääb on piiratud põhiõiguslik. I Põhiõiguste normi koosseis ja õigusjärelm 1. Koosseis- juhul kui põ adressaat riivab põ kaitseala, siis on see prima facie keelatud. (x) (Kx->OTx) kui x täidab normi koosseisu, siis (O= out, peandumine) peandub/on keelatud, et x suhtes kohandatakse õigusjärelmit T. O või tähistada ka kohustust (obligation) inimene on õigustatud, adressaat on kohustatud. X peab olema põhiõiguste adressaat, see kes on kohustatud (ehk riik). - loanorm, siis koosneb koosseis põhiõiguste kaitsealast - keelunorm, siis koosneb koosseis põhiõiguse kaitseala + riive 2. Õiguslik tagajärg iga avaliku võimu abinõu, mis riivab põhiõigust peab olema õigustatud II PÕ Kaitseala riive 1
Challenge! Boy Good idea! That way, we'd send Students' own answers 3 Students' own answers less waste to landfill sites. 4 1 may/might/could have opened 7B Advice, obligation and 2 must have left 4 1 energy 3 drinking prohibition page 58 3 might be 2 glazing 4 bin 1 1 b 2 a 3 b 4 b 5 a 4 may/might/could have gone 5 1 solar panel, wind turbine
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