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London (0)

1 Hindamata
Punktid

Põltsamaa Ühisgümnaasium
LONDON
REFERAAT
Bruno Pähkel
7c klass
2010
CONTENT
Introduction ...............................................................................................lk3
London history...........................................................................................lk4
Today london.............................................................................................lk5
Big Ben......................................................................................................lk6
Pictures......................................................................................................lk7
Summary....................................................................................................lk8
Used in the literature ...................................................................................lk9
Introduction
I chose this topic because it is interesting to know about London.London is one of the impotrtant cities in Europe .I also think that everyone would like to travel in London.
3
London history
During the 19th century , London was transformed into the world's largest city and capital of the British Empire . Its population expanded from 1 million in 1800 to 6.7 million a century later . During this period , London became a global political , financial, and trading capital. In this position , it was largely unrivaled until the latter part of the century, when Paris and New York began to threaten its dominance. The first railway to be built in London was a line from London Bridge to Greenwich , which opened in 1836. This was soon followed by the opening of great rail termini which linked London to every corner of Britain. These included Euston station ( 1837 ), Paddington station (1838), Fenchurch Street station (1841), Waterloo station (1848), King 's Cross station (1850), and St Pancras station (1863). From 1863, the first lines of the London Underground were constructed. Parliament finally gave consent for the MBW to construct a massive system of sewers. The engineer put in charge of building the new system was Joseph Bazalgette. In what was one of the largest civil engineering projects of the 19th century, he oversaw construction of over 2100 km of tunnels and pipes under London to take away sewage and provide clean drinking water. When the London sewerage system was completed, the death toll in London dropped dramatically, and epidemics of cholera and other diseases were curtailed. Bazalgette's system is still in use today. As the capital of a massive empire, London became a magnet for immigrants from the colonies and poorer parts of Europe. A large Irish population settled in the city during the Victorian period, with many of the newcomers refugees from the Great Famine (1845-1849). At one point, Irish immigrants made up about 20% of London's population. London also became home to a sizable Jewish community, and small communities of Chinese and South Asians settled in the city.
London popultsion
1801 — 959,300
1831 — 1,655,000
1851 — 2,363,000
1891 — 5,572,012
1911 — 7,160,525
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TODAY LONDON
At the turn of the 21st century, London hosted the much derided Millennium Dome at Greenwich, to mark the new century. Other Millennium projects were more successful. One was the largest observation wheel in the world, the "Millennium Wheel ", or the London Eye, which was erected as a temporary structure, but soon became a fixture, and draws four million visitors a year . The National Lottery also released a flood of funds for major enhancements to existing attractions, for example the roofing of the Great Court at the British Museum .The London Plan, published by the Mayor of London in 2004, estimated that the population would reach 8.1 million by 2016 , and continue to rise thereafter. This was reflected in a move towards denser, more urban styles of building, including a greatly increased number of tall buildings,[6] and proposals for major enhancements to the public transport network . However , funding for projects such as Crossrail remained a struggle .On 6 July 2005 London won the bid to host the 2012 Olympics. However, celebrations were cut short the following day when, on 7 July 2005, London was rocked by a series of terrorist attacks. More than 50 were killed and 750 injured in three bombings on London Underground and another aboard a double decker bus near Russell Square in King's Cross.
5
BIG BEN
Big Ben is the nickname for the great bell of the clock at the north end of the Palace of Westminster in London, and is often extended to refer to the clock or the clock tower as well.Big Ben is the largest four-faced chiming clock and the third-tallest free-standing clock tower in the world. It celebrated its 150th anniversary in May 2009 (the clock itself first ticking on 31 May 1859 ),during which celebratory events took place . A clock tower was built at Westminster in 1288, with the fine- money of Ralph Hengham, Chief Justice of the King's Bench.Despite being one of the world's most famous tourist attractions, the interior of the tower is not open to the general public due to security concerns, although from time to time press and other VIPs are granted access . However, the tower has no elevator, so those escorted must climb the 334 limestone stairs to the top.Because of changes in ground conditions since construction (notably tunnelling for the Jubilee Line extension), the tower leans slightly to the north- west , by roughly 220 millimetres (8.66 in) at the clock face , giving an inclination of approximately 1/250. Due to thermal effects it oscillates annually by a few millimetres east and west.
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PICTURES
The Palace of Westminster, the Clock Tower and Westminster Bridge Buckingham Palace as it appeared in the 17th century
Big Ben is in the Clock Tower
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SUMMARY
London is very intresting city and nice city.London is the biggiest city on england .I think that every one would like to travel there .
8
USED LITERATURE
Google.com
Wikipedia.com
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London #1 London #2 London #3 London #4 London #5 London #6
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London
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London

unsuccessful. They made their way to the river Thames and sailed up it. The Romans knew it was important to control a crossing point at the river Thames, so they decided to build a settlement on the north bank. Although small settlements had been built on the banks of the Thames, the Romans were the ones who built the first city. They called their city Londinium. The Roman engineers noticed that the point where the swampy river narrowed would make an ideal crossing point, they built London Bridge. Less than 20 years later the native Iceni tribe, led by Queen Boudicca, rose up against the Romans in revenge for mistreatment and burnt Londinium to the ground. The well disciplined Roman army defeated her forces and Londinium was rebuilt. By AD 100 it had also become the capital of the Roman province. A massive wall was built to protect the city from further attacks. The Roman Empire came under increasing attack across Europe and in AD 410 they retreated.

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Inglismaa

the wider world. The Kingdom of Englan which after 1284 included Wales was a sovereign state until 1.May 1707, when the Acts of Union put into effect the terms agreed in the Treaty of Union the previous year, resulting in a political union with the Kingtdom of Great Britain to create the new Kingdom of Great Britain 1800. The name "England" is derived from the Old English word Englaland, which means "land of the Angeles". The capital of Englan is London , The head of state is Queen Elisabeth II and the prime minister is Gordon Brown. English Heritage is a governmental body with a broad remit of managing the historic sites, artefacts and environments of England. It is currently sponsored by the Departmend for Culture, Media and sport. The charity National trust for Places of Historic Interest or Natural Beuty holds a contrasting role.. Big Ben is one of the famous sightseeing. Big Ben is the nickname for the great bell of the clock at

Inglise keel
London - the capital of Great Britain
2
doc

London - the capital of Great Britain

London London is the capital of Great Britain. It is situated on the river Thames. The Thames is a river flowing through southern England and connecting London with the sea. The Thames has a length of 346 kilometres (215 miles). The first bridge was the tower bridge, built in the 12th century. The second bridge was built in the year 1750. .The river Thames divides London into the northern and the southern part. The port of London is one of the greatest trade centres in the world. The river Thames is certainly the most famous water body in London. London is also the seat of the government of Great Britain. It is one of the largest cities in the world with its population of about seven million. Before the great fire in 1666 there were many wooden houses and narrow crooked streets in the town but after the fire it became a well-planned city

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Londoni ajalugu Rooma - 20 sajand

London important sights guide Roman period ­ 20th century · Big Ben is the nickname for the great bell of the clock at the north end of the Palace of Westminster in London and is often extended to refer to the clock or the clock tower as well. It is the largest four-faced chiming clock and the third-tallest free-standing clock tower in the world. The clock first ticked on 31 May 1859. The pendulum is installed within an enclosed windproof box sunk beneath the clockroom. It is 3.9m long, weighs 300 kg and beats every 2 seconds. The clockwork

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London topic
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doc

London topic

London Topic Tallinn 2008 2 General information London is the capital of the United Kingdom. It covers the area of about 1000 square kilometres and its population is about 7 million. London is located on the river Thames. It is divided into 32 boroughs and the City. Currency used in London is British Pound. London is one of the most popular tourist destination in the world. It is also world's leading business, financial and cultural centre. Subway is commonly used to move around in London. Climate London has a temperate marine climate. It has daily high temperatures during summer. The warmest month is July. The coolest month is January. Winders are seldom below freezing. Rainfall is regular, but most often in the form of drizzle occurring throughout the year. Snow

Inglise keel
London
2
doc

London

London London is almost 2,000 years old. Romans came to England in 43 AD. It was first called Londinium. In 1666 the Great Fire destroyed four fifths of the wooden buildings in the City including St Paul`s Cathedral. The fire began in the kitchen of the King`s baker Thomas Farriner in Pudding Lane and lasted for five days. London is the capital of England and the United Kingdom. By now London has swallowed up many of the small towns and villages that once surrounded it. London is on the same latitude as Warsaw. London is a city were more than 7 million inhabitants live. In London there are famous Telephone booths and taxis. Also there are red double- decker buses. The quick and easy way is use the underground trains. The cheapest is to buy a Travelcard. London hosted the 1908 and 1948 Summer Olympic Games and will host the 2012 Summer Olympic Games.

Inglise keel
Topic - London
5
doc

Topic - London

Topic ­ London Tallinn English College Tallinn 2007 1. Introduction London is the capital city of the United Kingdom and the largest urban area in England. The ancient City of London, to which the name originally belonged, still maintains its medieval boundaries, but the name "London" has long applied more to the whole metropolis that has grown up around it. London has been an important settlement for over two millenniums. It is also one of the world's leading business, financial and cultural centres and its influence in politics, education, entertainment and even fashion contribute to its status as a major global city. London is a major tourist attraction with four world heritage sites, several royal parks and numerous iconic landmarks such as the Houses of Parliament, Towe Bridge, the Tower of London, Westminster Abbey and the London Eye. 2. History

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Short overview of London
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Short overview of London

London London is one of the world's great cities. Located in the southeast of England, on the River Thames, it is the capital of the United Kingdom and has been the heart of its political, cultural and business life for centuries. London has always been the centre of the world. The origin of the city may be dated around the beginning of the 1st century when a Celtic tribe settled near the Thames. The Romans founded London about 50 AD

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