The Aran islands The Aran Islands comprise three islands (Inis Mór, Inis Meáin and Inis Óirr) located at the mouth of Galway Bay. The names are Irish language for 'the big island', 'the middle island', 'the south island`. The Aran Islands are rich in the language, culture and heritage of Ireland. The islands can be reached by sea by catching a ferry or by plane. The Burren The Burren, from the Gaelic word Boireann is an area of limestone rock covering imposing majestic mountains, and valleys with gently meandering streams. Monuments are older than Egypt's pyramids. Donegal mountains This view north from the Donegual moutintains is very popular for a photographers. Lakes of Killarney They consist of three lakes - Lough Leane, Muckross Lake (also called Middle Lake) and Upper Lake. The lakes lie in a mountain-ringed valley starting in the Black Valley. Animals
Narva - 65 900 Kohtla-Järve - 44 500 Pärnu - 44 000 PAIDE TOWN IS THE HEART OF ESTONIA Paide town is located right in the centre of Estonia, earning it the nickname of “the Heart of Estonia”. A long historic background, beautiful surroundings, a colourful fair and festival life and an unique relationship with the limestone – come and experience the cosy feel of Paide. Paide town was named after the limestone (“paekivi” and “paas” in the Estonian language) and the town celebrates its special relationship with limestone through unique lime stone sculptures: • The best known limestone sculptures in Paide are “hitchhiker” (“hääletaja”) located in the town border; “Limestone Symphony” (Paesümfoonia) on
rafter in the country. If the bird finds a suitable opening, under the ridge of a roof or a broken window, it will build its cup-shaped nest; it will even build it inside a house. The choice of the barn swallow as a national bird was mainly the result of a campaign conducted by ornithologists at the beginning of the sixties. The Barn Swallow has been the national bird of Estonia since 23 June 1960. National stone Estonian national stone is the country's valuable grey limestone. Estonia lies on a thick layer of limestone which is visible on the steep banks of northern and western Estonia. Most castles, churches, farm buildings, and countless stone fences are made of limestone. Research on limestone and its well-preserved fossils has for centuries brought Estonian scientists international renown. Perhaps that is one of the reasons why numerous scientists supported the declaration of limestone as the national stone of Estonia. Cornflower Grey limestone
Pyramid complex The Great Pyramid of Giza is the main part of a complex setting of buildings that included two temples in honor of Khufu, three smaller pyramids for Khufu's wives, an even smaller "satellite" pyramid and small Mastaba tombs surrounding the pyramid for nobles. There was a town for the workers of Giza, which included a cemetery, bakeries, a beer factory and a copper melting complex Giza's Materials The Great Pyramid consists of more than 2.3 million limestone blocks. The Egyptians got the majority of the limestone blocks from a nearby quarry. The Tufa limestone, used for the casing, was quarried across the river. The largest granite stones in the pyramid, found in the "King's" chamber, weigh up to 80 tonnes and were transported more than 900 kilometers away from Aswan. King's Chamber At the end of the lengthy series of entrance ways leading into the interior is the structure's main chamber, the King's Chamber. The
is like a mix of a soccer and but played on a field. rugby. Flag and religion o Irish flag is a vertical tricolour of green, white, and orange. o About 90 % of the people are Roman Catholics St. Patrick's Cathedral The Irish flag Natural resources The primary natural resources of Ireland, include natural gas, petroleum, peat, copper, lead, dolomite, barite, limestone, gypsum, silver and some zinc Ireland has no coal. Gypsum mine Limestone pavement Presidents of Ireland Ireland has had 8 presidents , current president is Mary Patricia McAleese. Mary Therese Winifred Mary Patricia McAleese Robinson Food and drinks The most famous irish drink is Guiness beer
Estonia Officialy the republic of Estonia Territory: 45 000 sq km Population: 1,3 million Capital: Tallinn 15 counties Language:Estonian Estonian Flag Coat of Arms Blue the blue sky above the native land. Black - the attachment to our black soil. White - hard work and purity. National emblems Barn swallow Corn flower National emblems limestone Estonia President: Toomas Hendrik European Union since 2004 Ilves Nato since 2004 Prime minster: Andrus Ansip United Nation since 1991 Democratic parliamentary republic Andrus Ansip Toomas Hendrik Ilves Famous places Established in 1919 314m high
to summit 62m) is situated in the Southern part of the Village of Haanja, 18km South from Võru There is a permanent exhibition in the 29-meter observation tower which is situated on the top of the hill and was built in 1939 and renovated in 1969. Jägala Waterfall Jägala Waterfall (height 8 m) is one of the highest and fastest flowing Over thousands of years the falling water has worn out the edge of the limestone banks and as a result a steep-sided valley about 300 m long and 12-14 m deep has been created The best impression of the mightiness of the waterfall can be obtained in the period of high waters in spring and autumn. Türisalu Bank Türisalu Bank is one of the most impressive places of the North Estonian limestone coast, towering up to 31 meters A good view opens out to the Island of Naissaar and Vääna-Jõesuu
Nuns and monks were seperated and did not see each other at all. The Convent could not have more than 85 members 60 sisters and 25 brothers. The leader of the convent is a woman-abess. They could not play the organ. The song must replace the organ. Only natural materials are used for the construction of the convent. Also scupltures and works of art are not allowed. Appearance The traditional building materials in Estonia that time were limestone and timber. The floor was covered with limestone flags and, in some places, with glazed tiles. The interiors were dominated by ascetic greyish- blue colour. Ruining Pirita convent worked for 175 years. Firstly it was ruined because of the reformations in 1525. It was also ruined because of the fire in spring 1564. Also because of the Livionian War 1575. Complete ruining
The Great Pyramid of Giza · Oldest and largest · Survives mostly intact · Covered by casing stones Building · Fourth dynasty Egyptian pharaoh Khufu around 2540 BC · Originally 146.6 m tall · Currently 138.7 m tall · Mass is about 6 mln tons · Tallest man-made structure for 3800 years Pyramid Complex Materials · More than 2.3 mln limestone blocks · Granite stones King's Chamber · Red granite Sarcophagus · Room is lined with red granite · Roof includes 8-9 granite slabs Other Chambers · Queen's Chamber · Unfinished Chamber Thank You For Listening !
St. Charles Church Basic Information Built in pseudo-Romanesque style Architects: O.P.Hippius and R.von Bernhard Limestone church Built in 1862-1882 Area 1197 m2 Biggest church in Tallinn The Costruction of the Church The Altar Come to me- painted by Johann Köler It was ready in the 23 of juli in 1879 The bottom altarpieces are painted by Sally von Kügelgen in 1889 The Church Bells The North Tower The South Tower The Organ The first one was built in 1884 The second one was built in 1923
Anastassia Sevtsenko The Republic of Ireland Northern Ireland Climate January and February are the coldest months of the year. Temperatures 4 - 7 °C July and August are the warmest. Temperatures 14 - 16 °C Ethnic groups Natural resources natural gas petroleum peat copper lead limestone silver President of Ireland Mary McAleese Currency Before the introduction of the euro notes and coins in January 2002, Ireland used the Irish pound. Export goods machinery and equipment computers chemicals pharmaceuticals animal products Import goods data processing equipment machinery and equipment chemicals petroleum and petroleum products textiles clothing THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION! used sources :
Cork and Kerry Lakes of Killarney one of the main attractions Splendid scenery Rich in ruined castles and abbeys The town of Cork a city built on water. Boasts the lively October jazz festival and a bohemian spirit Bantry House the home of the White family since 1739. It houses an eclectic collection of art and furnishing from all over Europe The Lower Shannon Covers the counties of Clare, Limerick and Tipperary The Rock of Cashel a fortified abbey on a limestone outcrop. It was the seat of the Kings of Munster for over 700 years Bunratty Castle built in the 15th century by the local Gaelic clans The Burren a vast limestone plateau Cliffs of Moher rise to a height of 200m and extend for 8 km The West of Ireland Sparsely populated Features mountains, low stone walls and peat bogs Galway a fastgrowing university town. About 75% of the people speak Gaelic Connemara National Park founded in 1980. Visitors can see
pedestrians and bicycles · Crosses: East River · Designer: John Augustus Roebling · Opened: May 24, 1883 · Total length: 1825 m · Architectural style: Gothic · Connects Manhattan and Brooklyn · Longest suspension bridge in the world until 1903 · The first steelwire suspension bridge · On the first day, 1800 vehicles and 150 300 people crossed Brooklyn Bridge · Emily Warren Roebling was the first to cross the bridge · The towers are built of limestone, granite and Rosendale cement Notable events · First jumper: Robert E. Odlum on May 19, 1885 · First bungee jump: Thierry Devaux on June 1993 (illegally) · On March 1, 1994, Brooklyn Bridge shooting · The 2003 plot · In 2006, a Cold War bunker discovery It has been shown in films such as... · Captive Woman · The Fifth Element · Deep Impact · Godzilla · Aftershock: Earthquake in New York · I Am A Legend · Life After People · Cloverfield
Thailand The Kingdom of Thailand draws more visitors than any other country in southeast Asia with its irresistible combination of breathtaking natural beauty, inspiring temples, renowned hospitality, robust cuisine and ruins of fabulous ancient kingdoms. From the stupa-studded mountains of Mae Hong Son and the verdant limestone islands of the Andaman Sea, to the pulse-pounding dance clubs of Bangkok and the tranquil villages moored along the Mekong River, Thailand offers something for every type of traveller. By far the best time to visit is between November and February when the weather is kind and the beaches are at their finest. This period is Thailand's main season for national and regional festivals. The peak season is November to late March, with secondary peak months in July and August.
Architect: 3Xn Presentation made by Kadri Lajal Little about 3X n Danish architectural practice 1986 Kim Herforth Nielsen, Bo Boje Larsen, Jan Ammundsen GXN Horten Headquarter 10,000 m2 2009 Copenhagen, Denmark Shape which saves energy Material Fiberglass and travertine The "innovation" Fibreglass is a fiber reinforced Traventine form of polymer made of a plastic. Easily limestone deposited by mineral formed using molding processes. springs. Lightweight and extremely strong. Interior Optimum daylight conditions The spine of the building Matches with exterior Insulating foam core Two layers on fiberglass Layer of travertine "The building is a good example of how environmentally friendly objectives can be combined with beautiful architecture" - Kim
nature What is nature? Nature, in broadest sense, is material world- all the universum. In smaller sense, nature is part of world, which is not influenced by humen activity. Where come from word nature? The word nature is derived from the Latin word natura, or "essential qualities, innate disposition", and in ancient times, literally meant "birth". Natura was a Latin translation of the Greek word physis which originally related to the intrinsic characteristics that plants, animals, and other features of the world develop of their own accord. Most Beautiful Places Of The World We quite often see and read about manmade wonders of the world but have we ever thought about natural wonders surrounding us. Top ten natural wonders of the world is very hard to get 100% consensus on because there are so many wonderful places on Earth. Grand Canyon Yosemite Valley Great Barrier Reef Aurora Borealis or Northern Lights ...
3. Yes Yes 4. Yes No 5. Yes No 6. No No 7. Yes Yes 8. Yes Yes 9. Yes No 10. No No 11. 132 pound 91 pound Teine ülesanne! 1. Estonia is rich in natural sights. 2. The landscape in Northern Estonia is mainly flat. 3. You can visit us at any time. 4. High limestone cliffs are popular with tourists. 5. Estonian forests are known for their rich wildlife. 6. Due to the maritime climate coastal areas have a unique bird life. 7. In the springtime you can often see rivers in flood. 8. I'm fascinated by the hilly landscape of South Estonia. Kolmas ülesanne! 1. At; on; up 2. -; by 3. On; with 4. For; on, off 5. In; - 6. On; -; in 7. In; on 8. Out; at, in Neljas ülesanne! 1. In/small a 2. Famous/ its for 3
Estonian National Emblems and Symbols There are several important emblems and symbols of Estonia of which many are also known for the rest of the world. Estonian national emblems are the blue- black-and-white national flag, the national anthem and the coat of arms. The symbols are national flower (the cornflower), national bird (the barn swallow) and national stone (limestone). Estonian flag was originally the flag of the Estonian Students' Society which was consecrated in 1884. During Soviet rule, the flag was prohibited and it was first used again in Tartu in 1988. The national anthem is entitled as "My Native Land, My Pride and Joy". The melody was composed in the centre of the 19 th century by Friedrich Pacius and the Estonian lyrics were written by Johann Voldemar Jannsen. It was adopted as the official national anthem in 1920.
8 Located on the eastern shores of the Baltic Sea Läänemere ida kaldal asuma 9 Slightly Veidi 10 Border Piir 11 Border Piirnema 12 Seperate Eraldama 13 Swallow Suitsupääsuke 14 Cornflower Rukkilill 15 Limestone Paekivi 16 Part of the European Union Euroopa Liidu osa 17 Old Town Vanalinn 18 Medieval buildings Keskaegsed ehitised 19 The seat of Estonian government Eesti valitsuse asukoht 20 University town Ülikooli linn 21 Holidaymakers Puhkajad
The Great Wall of China Main Facts · approximately 6700 km long · over 2000 years old · up to 16m high, 9.1m wide at base and 3.7m wide at top · average height 10m, witdh 5m History of the Wall · 1st wall in 218-208 BC (3000 miles long) · 4th wall in 1368-1620 · Ming dynasty ruled China · They built thousands of towers and forts · Over 1 million people died Construction of the Wall · made of quarried limestone or granite · in some areas made of fired brick · again over 1 million men died · that's over 300 men per mile · Qin made 70% of population build the wall Importance of the Wall · at first it was ment to keep enemies away, later to keep away semi- nomadic thiefs · nowadays a very popular tourist attraction · Simatai - wall in original state · Beijing reconstructed part · Thousands of tourists every day Parts of the Wall
The Blarney Stone Georg Kuusk & Pärtel Sarap What is that? The Blarney Stone is a block of limestone, built into the walls of the Blarney castle. The stone was set into a castle tower in 1446. It is a very popular tourist site in Ireland, tourists all over the world come to watch the gardens around the castle and kiss the stone. Origins
Tallinn Town Hall is the only surviving Gothic town hall in Northern Europe. It has still remained the most important representational building in town. 6. Jägala Waterfall The Jägala Waterfall is a natural waterfall in Northern Estonia on Jägala River. A wonderful 7,8 m high waterfall running down the limestone edge is the highest in 4 Estonia. Water has smoothed the limestone edge for centuries. As a result a 12-14 m deep and 300 m long valley has been created. The oldest known written record of a water mill in Estonia (from the early 13th century) dates from here. 7. Lahemaa National Park The Lahemaa National Park was created in 1971 to protect the characteristic North- Estonian landscapes and the national heritage of the area. This was the first national
Arti Hunt IT-14E The Republic of Estonia is a country in Northern Europe. Estonia is located on the eastern coast of the Baltic Sea. The capital of Estonia is Tallinn Estonia has an area of 45 227 km2 In Estonia, there are about 1 340 021 people The colours of Estonian flag are blue, black and white National flower is cornflower National bird is swallow National stone is limestone National anthem is ,,Mu isamaa , mu õnn ja rõõm’’ National Coat of Arms is a golden shield which includes three lions in the middle, with oak branches along the side of the shield. Estonia has 1521 islands and the biggest of them are Saaremaa and Hiiumaa. Estonia is divided in to 15 different counties. The biggest cities in Estonia are Tallinn, Tartu , Pärnu, Narva In Tartu there is the biggest and oldest University in Estonia
The statistics say that about 90 % of the Republic's populace is Roman Catholic, 3% identify themselves as Protestants, and the remainder claim no religious beliefs, or belong to the small communities of believers such as Muslims, Jews and Jehovah's Witnesses The St. Paul's cathedral was dedicated to St. Patrick, the patron saint of Ireland. natural resources The primary Natural resources of Ireland, include natural gas, petroleum, peat(turvas), copper, lead(plii), dolomite, limestone(lubjakivi), gypsum, silver and some zinc Ireland has virtually no coal deposits, even though it's just 60 miles from Wales, one of the world's richest coal fields. On the left picture you can see a limestone pavement situated in the west coast of Ireland. and on the right picture you can see a gypsum mine. Presidents There have been 8 presidents in Ireland. Mary Therese Winifred Robinson was the first female
only 318 meters above sea level. The largest industrial urban areas are in East-Estonia and there are some beautiful nature reserves in West-Estonia. Estonia is mainly agricultural country. Estonia is famous for its thousands of lakes and beautiful nature. One of the most interesting sights is the Jägala waterfall. The largest lake is Lake Peipus. The Rivers Pärnu has the largest river basin. There are vast thickly forested areas in Estonia. Main natural rsources are sand, limestone and oil-shale. The climate is temperate by the sea but inland winters are rather severe. Estonia is democratic republic and its parliament is called Riigikogu. The natioanal currency is the Estonian kroon. The largest town of Estonia are the capitaan ette, l Tallinn which is the indusrial and cultural centre of country, Tartu, a university town, Pärnu, a seaside resort, Kohtla-Järve, the centre of oil-shale mining, and Narva, known for its textile undustry
Designers: Ivo Nikkolo, Kristina Viirpalu, KÄT, Piret Ilves, SOMA jewellery, Liisa Soolepp. TALLINN'S `'MANHATTAN'' The quarters filled with glass-walled skyscrapers in the very centre of Tallinn are often playfully called Manhattan. Formally the name of the area is maakri. Tallinn's Manhattan is mainly dominated by banks, media houses and offices of national and international companies. FAHLE APARTMENT& OFFICE BUILDING A limestone building. Renovated 2007. It has luxury apartments and offices. Used to be a paper factory. THANK YOU FOR LISTENING
Sweden, German and Russia. The clock of liberty, 2004. Kiek in de Kök ● The cannon tower, founded in 1475-1483. Kiika kööki, peek into the kitchen, from up there it was possible to peek into the enemy’s kitchen. The walls are 4 m thick, can see the cannons stuck in there. Tallinn City Museum. ● Town Wall (Unesco) - one of the greatest towers of Tallinn’s Town Wall, Old Town declared the UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1997 Toompea ● Toompea is a limestone hill in the central of Tallinn. It towers about 30-40 metres above the surrounding areas. According to the legend, its the tumulus moundn over the grave of the national hero Kalev, erected stone by stone by his grieving wife Linda. While we don’t want to question this wonderful theory, there is an alternative version which says that Toompea is just a naturally formed limestone hill.
islands. From the north flat and from the east is Estonia hilly. It's highest peak is Suur Munamägi(318 m). Sometimes flooding occurs in the spring in Estonia. It's biggest lakes are Lake Peipsi and Lake Võrtsjärv. It's biggest islands are Saaremaa and Hiiumaa. In Estonia there is 26.5% arable land, 0.35% permanent crops and 73.15% other land. Natural resources in Estonai are oil shale, peat, phosphorite, clay, limestone, sand, dolomite, arable land, sea mud. The population of Estonia is about 1,341,000 people. Estonia, as a new member of the World Trade Organization, is steadily moving toward a modern market economy with increasing ties to the West, including the pegging of its currency to the euro. The economy benefits from strong electronics and telecommunications sectors. Estonia has been a member of the European Union from May 2004. The economy is greatly influenced by
Prehistoric Britain · They built forts on hilltops and · When the English Channel was pro-tected them with ditches and formed by meltic ice(around 6000 BC), ramparts. Britain was part of the European land mass. · The earliest inhabitants lived in limestone caves. · About 3000 BC the British Isles were inhabited by a people as known as the Iberians. · Celts and Iberians both lived under · They used stone axes and made the primitive system: there was no antlers and bones into leather-working private property, no classes and tools. exploitation.
Alzheimer's disease. The countries that are producing the majority of the pollutions that causes acid rain are not that badly affected (Germany, Britain, USA). Instead the wind direction means the acid rain falls in the other places (in Europe : Scandinavia, USA; Canada) Cultural effects Acid rain and the dry deposition of acidic particles contribute to the corrosion of metals (such as bronze) and the deterioration of paint and stone (such as marble and limestone). These effects significantly reduce the societal value of buildings, bridges, cultural objects (such as statues, monuments, and tombstones), and cars. Famous buildings like the Statue of Liberty in New York, the Taj Mahal in India and St. Paul's Cathedral in London have all been damaged by this sort of air pollution. Acid rain can also damage stained glass windows in churches, railway lines and steel bridges. The acid rain slowly eats away them all. Building
popular tourists destination because of its beautiful white sandy beaches and palm- trees. The Kingdom of Thailand in general draws more visitors than any other country in Southeast Asia. The population of Thailand is 64 million. The Ssymbols of Thailand are: · The Thailand Flag (which contains of three colours-red, white and blue); · Stubas monuments dedicated to Buddha (stuba-studded mountains can be found of Mae Hong Son and the verdant limestone islands of the Andaman Sea); · Thai Boxing(contents of which they promote in the streets with loudspeakers); · Tuk Tuks (which are very funny taxies, with no windows and doors. Usually they are red and could be found in different shapes); · Asian Elephants (Thailand people make money by selling riding tours with elephants for tourists). Elephants have their guides men who spend their whole life together with the particular elephant
Durability of concrete In this presentation I'm focusing on the durability of concrete. First I'll give a brief overview of concrete, we have to know what does it actually means and where is it used? (slide) Basically concrete is a construction material composed of cement, aggregate (generally gravel, limestone, or granite, plus a fine aggregate such as sand) also water, and chemical admixtures.(slide) Concrete is used to make pavements, architectural structures, foundations, roads, bridges, marine- and parking structures, brick/block walls and footings for gates, fences and so forth. Mainly it is used because of its high durability and availability, but also because it is cheaper than to use wood for example. Concrete is used more than any other man-made material in the world.(slide)
· Jägala Waterfall (height 8 m) is one of the highest and fastest flowing. Over thousands of years the falling water has worn out the edge of the limestone banks and as a result a steep-sided valley about 300 m long and 12-14 m deep has been created. The oldest written information about a water mill (the beginning of the 13th century) derives from this place. The best impression of the mightiness of the waterfall can be obtained in the period of high waters in spring and autumn. · Narva Stronghold is the oldest and biggest stronghold in Estonia (built in 13-
TOOMPEA CASTLE Toompea Castle is a castle on Toompea hill Perched on a limestone cliff and towering over the rest of the city Time has been generous to Toompea castle -the well-protected fortress has been almost impregnable Location History Story of rulers and power in Estonia As times and rulers changed so did power and mentalities Today, we can find here buildings mostly dating from 3 periods: - the medieval order's stronghold with its impressive western wall and towers
to import substitution, while raising income levels and improving rural living standards for both settled and nomadic communities alike. This has a positive influence on the population balance and helps to prevent population drift to urban centers. A further important aspect of agricultural development in the Kingdom is its role in maintaining the ecological balance through combating desertification. Something interesting Sixty million years ago, a thick layer of limestone was slowly formed at the bottom of a shallow sea. Today, that same rock formation lies beneath the vast deserts of Saudi Arabia. Alongside the Dahna sand dunes, not far from Riyadh, the Umm-Er- Radhuma limestone is riddled with countless holes known locally as Dahls. Since the 1980's a number of beautiful and sometimes curious caves have been found in this area and reports on them have appeared in various publications Qasr Zabal at Sakakah. Words 1
Kuressaare Castle The convent building of Kuressaare castle is the only medieval fortification in the Baltic States that has not undergone considerable alterations and due to that is an internationally important architectural monument. This castle is built of limestone. The roof is made of red stone. The construction of the stronghold was closely connected with the Estonians fight against the German feudals. The first documented data about Kuressaare castle originate only from 1380s. Kuressaare castle remained the residence for the bishops of Saare-Lääne Bishopric until the beginning of the Livonian War. At the end of the XIV and the beginning of the XV century the castle was surrounded by a new mighty 625 m long and 7 m high belt of walls, erected
Central part is mostly covered by the Cambrian Mountains, they are especially rugged and beautiful in the north, and they are more rounded in centaral Wales. Southern Wales is largely a plateau deeply cut by river valleys. Best areas for crop farmind, Fertile - viljakas Copper mine - vasekaevandus Poor soil väheviljakas muld tides tõus ja mõõn recreation area - puhkeala china clay - portselanisavi mild climate pehme kliima limestone - paekivi moor nõmm natural resource loodusvara gentle slopes lauged nõlvad raise sheep kasvatama lambaid rolling plain lainjas tasandik coal deposit - kivisöelasundid pasture - karjamaa heather kanarbik fishing village kaluriküla steep järsk evergreen shrub igihaljas põõsas below sea level allapoole merepinda
South-Estonia offers superb varieties to have a picnic on the picturesque landscape. Inlanders appreciate our scenic contrasts on the peninsulas and there are also about 1,500 islands in Estonia. The biggest island is Saaremaa where you can admire the beauty of Kuressaare Castle and Kaali meteorite crater. The flag of Estonia is really simple but beautiful. There are only 3 colours blue, black and white. The national flower is the cornflower and the national stone is limestone. In Estonian coat of arms there are 3 lions. The national anthem is ,,My Fatherland, my Delight and Joy". The melody of our national anthem is the same that of the national anthem of Finland. Estonians hold up their traditions. My country is famous for its Song and Dance festivals which are held in every 4 years. At Christmas, every year we eat the same Christmas food the blood sausage and sauerkraut. The national food of Estonia is kama. It is finely milled flour mixture
,,My Fatherland, My Happiness and Joy" was adopted as the national anthem of the Republic of Estonia in 1920, and again in 1990. The lyrics were written by Johann Voldemar Jannsen and are set to a melody composed in 1848 by Frederik (Friedrich) Pacius. In addition to the three main state symbols , Estonia has chosen her own national flower(Cornflower) and national bird(barn swallow). Estonia even has her own national stone(limestone) and national fish(Baltic herring), which seem to be a rarity among other national symbols. All four have gained official status. Estonia is one of the smallest country in the European Union but it's modern and competitive in it's development.
The white circle binds them together. The blue stripe along the margin was added for distinction when the flag is hanging; with the stripe, not only the red shows while the flag is hanging. In 1796, the Constitution of the State of Tennessee provided for an official Great Seal. Although the style of the present seal has changed, the basic elements remain similar to the 1796 provisions Mockingbird, Tuliptree, Iris, Limestone. Geography Tennessee is divided into three different regions: the Great Smoky Mountains, the Highlands and the Lowlands. Tennessee covers 42,146 square miles, making it the 36th largest of the 50 states. 41,220 square miles of Tennessee are land areas. 926 square miles of Tennessee are covered by water. The highest point in Tennessee is Clingman's Dome at 6,643 feet above sea level. The lowest point in Tennessee is 178 feet at the Mississippi River.
1800s. By the end of 1850s, money was being raised collectivley in order to build a larger and more durable church for the use of Estonians. The construction lasted from October 1862 to December 1870, the two towers on the west side were enlarged in 1882. The architect of the project was Otto Pius Hippius from St.Petersburg. Along with the reconstruction of Tallinn’s largest place of worship, the Charles congregation was re-established as well. This time the church was built of hewn limestone blocks, in the historical neo- Roman style, on the basic plan on a Latin cross. The inside of the church is exceptionally large and open, the ceiling being supported by a special arch supporting system and the sides characterized with arched windows. The benches inside can fit a total of 1500 people. When the first service was held there, exactly 200 years after the consecration of the first wooden church, the reconstruction was not completely finished –
From the time of the Reformation church has been part of the Lutherian tradition St Olaf's became a Baptist church in 1950 From 1944 until 1991, the Soviet KGB used Oleviste's spire as a radio tower and surveillance point Horse mill Only preserved horse mill in the Baltic States Used if the city was surrounded with enemies; winter frost Worked until 1757, later as a warehouse Houses limestone museum The Great Coastal Gate Built during 14th century... Sadly has not been preserved. It was important to secure it. It was only 100 meters from the gate to the sea. Fat Margareta Initially called Rosary Thickness of the tower is 2.5-5.5m Height 16-22m Originally a cannon tower 155 portholes Was also used as a prison Estonian Maritime Museum
Hinterland is mainly agricultural. Estonia is known for its thousands of lakes and beautiful nature. One of the most interesting sight is Jägala waterfall. The largest Lake called Peipsi separates Estonia from Russia. The biggest river basin is around the Pärnu river. There are very large forested areas in Estonia and wood is an important export article. Unfortunately is Estonia quite poor in other natural resources. The main mineral resources are sand, limestone and shale. The climate in Estonia is moderate, but hinterland winters are pretty rough. Fortunately, the volcanoes, hurricanes, floods and eartsquakes have no threats to Estonia. Estonia is a democratic parliamentary republic and is devided into fifteen counties. The Parliament of Estonia is called Riigikogu. The Riigikogu elects and appoints several high officials of the state, including the President of the Republic.
The highest and most topographically variagated region in Estonia is in the south-eastern part of the country. The Sakala Upland plains offer contrast to the hills of Ottepää, Karula and Haanja. At 318 metres, Suur Munamägi ('Great Egg Hill') is not only the highest point in Estonia, but of all the Baltic countries. The country has 3974 km of coastline, while the land border, in comparison, is only a mere 633 km. The coast varies from limestone cliff in the north to sandy beaches in the west. Most of Estonia's many islands belong to the West Estonian archipelago. The largest islands are Saaremaa with 2671 sq km, Hiiumaa with 989 sq km and Muhu with 200 sq km. The sea between these islands and the Mainland Väinameri is very shallow (less than five metres deep on average) and rich in shoals. The water of the Baltic Sea is brackish. Its average saltinity is only one fourth of that of the sea in general
Peamiselt hele lubjakivi. Siia gruppi kuuluvad Sadestunud 270 miljonit punased liivakivid ja aastat tagasi. aleuroliidid. Sisaldab mitmeid fossiile Sadestunud 315-285 (käsnad, sammalloomad) miljoni aasta eest. Grand Canyon Supergroup Paks kivimikihtide seeria, mida leidub vaid Suures Kanjonis. Peamiselt settekivimid (ka mõned moonde- ja tardkivimid) Ladestunud 1200 - 740 miljonit a tagasi Photo by: Carl Bowman Bass Limestone: Thickness: 260-300 feet Basement rock Click to edit Master text styles Suure Kanjoni ,,aluskivim" Second level moodustus 1,8 miljardit Third level Fourth level aastat tagasi, kui Põhja- Fifth level Ameerika kontinent põrkas kokku vulkaaniliste saartega
appearance in 140204. It was as early as 1248 when King Eric IV Ploughpenny of Denmark granted the Lübeck Charter to Tallinn. Relying on that document a town council was elected from amongst merchants of the Hanse and started convening in the Town Hall. It is possible to state on the basis of research findings that a meeting place of the magistracy and a goods depot in the form of a small, fortified town hall, constructed of local limestone, existed in its present location already in the mid-13th century. The town hall first mentioned in a real estate record in 1322 had a large meeting room (consistorium) and, considering the times, a huge warehouse (cellarium civitatis). Three walls and seven windows representing Tallinn's oldest secular architecture have come down to our days from that building. In the first quarter of the 14th century the existing building was extended and the basement enlarged
Tallinn Tallinn is situated on the southern coast of the Gulf of Finland, in north-western Estonia. A limestone cliff runs through the city. It is exposed, for instance, at Toompea and Lasnamäe. However, Toompea is not a part of the cliff, but a separate hill. Coastline is 46 kilometres long.The highest point of Tallinn, at 64 meters above the sea level, is situated in the district of Nõmme, in the south-west of the city. The first human steps, that archeologists found, are about 5000 years old. Tallinn`s first fortress was built in Toompea, in 1050
who arrived in 1800's. The settlers came mainly from Britain. The country was once part of the British Empire. Today, it is an independent member of the Commonwealth of Nations. Economy The economy of new zealand has long depended on farming and foreign trade. The sale of butter, cheese, meat and wool to other countries provides much of the nation's income. Tourism has also become an importand source of income. New Zealand has few minerals. The most important include coal, oil, gold, iron, limestone and natural gas. The underground steam in the volcanic area of the north island is an important source of power. New Zealand produces enough meat and dairy products to feed its own people as well as millions of people in other countries. Government New Zealand is a constitutional monarchy. The nation recognizes Queen Elizabeth II or Britain as its monarch. The queen appoints a governor general to represent her. The
The Historic Centre (Old Town) of Tallinn is an exceptionally complete and well-preserved medieval northern European trading city on the coast of the Baltic Sea. The city developed as a significant centre of the Hanseatic League during the major period of activity of this great trading organization in the 13th-16th centuries. The combination of the upper town on the high limestone hill and the lower town at its foot with many church spires forms an expressive skyline that is visible from a great distance both from land and sea. The upper town (Toompea) with the castle and the cathedral has always been the administrative centre of the country, whereas the lower town preserves to a remarkable extent the medieval urban fabric of narrow winding streets, many of which retain their medieval names, and fine public and burgher buildings, including town wall, Town Hall,
The best- known smalles islands are Naissaar, Aegna, Ruhnu, Kihnu, Väike-Pakri, Suur-Pakri etc. 3. Relief Lying in the north-western part of the East-European Plain, Estonia is mostly flat with an average elevation of about 50 metres above sea level. South-eastern and eastern parts of Estonia are higher than the western parts. The relief of the present-day landscape was shaped during the Ice Age. Ice sheet has carried large boulders and limestone blocks here, not to mention that the hilly terrain in Estonia was also shaped by the continental ice and the melting water. The land is rising 25 cm every one hundred years. In folklore, many features of the relief are explained by the activities of giants such as the legendary national hero Kalevipoeg. The Haanja and Otepää Uplands are particularly rich in Hills. It is here that You find Big Egg Hill, the highest point in the Baltic states with 318 metres above sea level. 4
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