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Lehekülgede arv dokumendis
2012-05-02
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Karl Menning
Õppematerjali autor
Urban Forestry Gene W.Grey Frederick J.Deneke Ants Nokkur Metsandus I Content Introduction Early history History Distribution Composition Popular species Benefits Planting trees Conclusion Introduction Ø An urban forest is a forest or a collection of trees that grow within a city, town or a suburb. Ø Urban forests plays an important role in ecology of human habitats in many ways: they filter air, water, sunlight, provide shelter to animals and recreational area for people. They moderate local climate and slowing wind. History of Urban Forestry Early History Ø Trees have been esthetically important to people since the earliest civilization.
Forestry Importance: · Environmental-protective importance Oxygen Cleans the air/soils/ground water Protects the soil from erosion · Timber Firewood Woodwork Building materials Timber cellulose paper · Mushrooms/berries/juices · Habitat of different species Measuring the amount of forest: · Fixing the area under the forests (ha/%) -> In Estonia 47.4%, 2.143 mil/ha It doesn't take into account the amount of timber · To measure the amount of timber (m3) -> 352.7 mil/m3 It doesn't take into account the annual increase · To fix different species of trees (%) -> Pine 40%, Birch 30%, Spruce 20% · To measure the annual increase of timber (m3, ha, year) -> 9 mil. m3/ha/year Main principle of the economy of forests: Annual cutting should be equal to annual
Internet connection available even in forests. For example, if Belgium’s network has the 3G coverage and they are just beginning to build 4G then Estonia already uses 4G network all over the country. In addition, Estonia is not only kown as „e-country“ but it has also resources like arable land and wood which help along developing the country’s economy. Estonia’s large amount of forests favours development of forestry and wood industry. Estonian forests relatively rapid growth (forest area has grown in the last half-century two times and the forest reserves by 2.5 times) allows using the wood without endangering the regenerative capacity of the forest. Other real important resource is also oil shade. Estonia manages to produce its own energy by mining every year about 15 million tonnes of oil shade having its findings about 0.4% of world’s total
Different types of forests and their forms of usage TARTU 2010 Forest A forest (also called a wood, woodland, wold, weald, holt, frith) is an area with a high density of trees. Forests cover approximately 30% of land and 9.4% of all the planet earth. They are also responsible for regulating our planet's climate and act as large purifiers of airs, by absorbing carbon dioxide, and giving out oxygen. Different types of forests Forests are divided into following main types: o Tropical forest o Subtropical forest o
2 percent of total, petroleum was next at 28.6 percent, hydroelectricity at 20.7 percent, coal at 11.4 percent, and atomic energy at 5.1 percent. The United States has traditionally been Canada's largest market for energy exports, purchasing 90 percent of the nation's fuel and energy exports. Energy production accounts for 8 percent of the nation's economy. Approximately 65 percent of energy production is in Alberta, which is also the home of the nation's oil industry. The number-two producer was British Columbia at 13 percent, followed by Saskatchewan at 8 percent, and Quebec at 5 percent. The atomic industry is centered in Quebec. Economy Canada has the seventh-largest economy in the world. Most of the businesses are privately- owned, although the government does play a major role in the health-care system and operates many services including transportation and utility companies. The Canadian economy is diverse and highly developed
Estonian Economy Estonians earn about half of the average European income, despite the fact that the economic growth during the recent years has been very fast and the differences have been diminishing. Although the extremely vigorous period of economic reforms is now over, the changes that Estonia is presently going through are far more extensive than those in the developed countries. The Estonian economy is diverse industry and transport, as well as commerce and different branches of services are all equally important. Due to the available natural resources Estonian economy largely relies on the branches related to the forest; Estonian energy sector is based on oil shale, a resource quite rare elsewhere in the world. Finland and Sweden are the most important trade partners. The Estonian economy profits significantly from the business generated by more than 2 million tourists a year, most of whom come from Finland.
Finland is strongly competitive in manufacturing principally the wood, metals, engineering, telecommunications, and electronics industries. Finland excels in hightech exports such as mobile phones. Except for timber and several minerals, Finland depends on imports of raw materials, energy, and some components for manufactured goods. Because of the climate, agricultural development is limited to maintaining selfsufficiency in basic products. Forestry, an important export earner, provides a secondary occupation for the rural population. Finland had been one of the best performing economies within the EU in recent years and its banks and financial markets avoided the worst of global financial crisis. However, the world slowdown hit exports and domestic demand hard in 2009, with Finland experiencing one of the deepest contractions in the euro zone. A recovery of exports,
Fernández said it was essential to act now before South America's dolphins go the same way. The pink river dolphin, or boto, is already classified as vulnerable by the IUCN's Red List of Threatened Species Rare Fat-Tailed Dwarf Lemur The species of dwarf lemur found at the DLC, Cheirogaleus medius, is native to the dry deciduous forests common in western and southern Madagascar. These small lemurs can live in primary forests, established secondary forests as well as the gallery forest of the southern spiny desert. Typically solitary foragers, the dwarf lemurs have a diverse diet consisting mostly of fruit and flower nectar. While they are thought to be less carnivorous than mouse lemurs, they too eat insects and small vertebrates. Dwarf lemurs may be responsible for pollinating some species of baobab trees. In addition, they play an important role in the ecology of the tropical forest by aiding in the dispersal of small seeds. As a part of their
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