Introduction: Hi, I'm here to talk about the advantages and disadvantages of using legal English. How many of you have had to use/have had any interaction with legal English? Well, I, myself, apart from learning it in this class, have never, but many others have. Legal English dates back to thousands of years and it is an essential part of law. Lately, in some cases, legalese has been smoothly replaced with plain language and for some it is unacceptable. So, why use legal English when there is already plain language that can be used instead? Body 1: Firstly, we all like to follow traditions, right? So do most lawyers. You know Latin was and is important for English law, the practice of using Latin word versus in case names (for "against") still occurs daily. Why change something that has been used and appreciated for thousands of years? Law is known for it's conservatism and legalese might have maintained so well because many lawyers h...
BRITISH CULTURE Etiquette Table of contents Everyday etiquette Time Eating etiquette English literature Sports Everyday Etiquette In general the British prefer to be introduced to strangers, if at all possible wait for a third party introduction when meeting someone new. Great Britain (especially England) is a non touching culture. When greeting someone a handshake accompanied by a "Pleased to meet you" is appropriate. When departing be sure to shake everyone's hand, a general group wave as is often done in the United States is not looked on favorably. Strong eye contact is not overly common among strangers and casual acquaintances, too much eye contact is considered and invasion of privacy. Eye contact is used when one really wants to make a point, when speaking with close friends, and when interest in a person or topic wants to be stressed. Bad To...
ENGLISH IN MY LIFE The British, defeated Bonaparte at the battle of Waterloo and peace settled across Europe after many years of war, the defeat of France saw the rise of Britain upon the world stage and the beginnings of the wholesale export of the English language across the globe, in the last century Britain an America again defeated tyranny in Europe the English language has evolved through popular culture , movies, music , sport , business and especially with the shrinking of the world through use of the internet to become what it is now a truly international language. Here in Estonia with our history of domination by foreign powers the last being the former soviet union an having our own language suppressed an languages imposed on us , it is a relief to see the importance of the English language an people have embraced it as a second language of Estonian people, it is the language that ev...
Me and languages Nowdays it is very common that one person can speak more than one language. There are people who have to learn different languages at school and people who do it , beacause they want to educate themselves. I think that every person should speak at least 3 languages. My mother tongue is Estonian. I can speak and write it very fluently. I like to read books in estonian and listen songs in Estonian. I know some people who prefer to do it in English. But for me it is more enjoyable to do it in my mother tounge. English is one of the most common languages in the world. Therefore it is very important to speak it. I started learning English in the third grade like most of the students. Before the lessons at school I had already learned the basic of English. My sister is older than me and I was really interested in studying with her. Also very helpful things were cartoons and hollywood films. In...
English a global language Aleksander 10B This essay explores British and English history and its influence to the world. English is spoken all around the world. We can even say that it is a international language. It begun when Great Britain started founding colonies. Empire growed from the 17'th century up to 1920's. It was said that the sun never sets on British empire. It had expanded all over the world. In the colonies, English started to change, it had spread all around the world, just like the empire. It was leading country in the world for a very long time. It had strong economy and the strongest navy that any one had ever seen, so it was till the world wars. The British Isles, because of their good geographical position have been conqured only twice. And both occasions had a great influence...
Me and languages. To begin with, language is a congrecation of thoughts and feelings through a system of signals, such as voice sounds, gestures, or written symbols. Communication or language is a process every child learns from birth and during our life we will usually learn many different languages. Due to the fact that both of my parents are Estonians , my mother tongue is Estonian, therefore I can speak and write in it very fluently. I also prefer read the books in Estonian. I know that some people like to do it in some other languages, in English for instance. I am really amused by the Estonian literature. I like to read books and stories from Andrus Kivirähk and F.R. Kreutzwald. English is one of the world most spoken language. You can hear it everywhere, no matter which part of the world are you in. In the third grade of elementary scool I started to learn English a...
How does the United States influence Estonia? The United States of America is one of the most influential countries in the world. Its’ influence can be seen even in Estonia. Estonian national security is built upon being a member of NATO and it is dependent on Article 5. Therefore, it is important for us to be in good political relations with America because it is the most influential member of the organization. To stay in good terms some of our political decisions might be affected by the United States, however, it will stay out of the public view. Although Estonia is not directly dependant on America economically but as the United States’ economy has an effect on the global economy, we are bound to be influenced indirectly. In the cultural aspect, Americanisation is taking spreading all over the world. In our everyday life, we are exposed to American culture because it is everywhere: music, films, food. With th...
ENGLISH IDIOMS Nõmmik Vilian Apprentice 10 "A" class Ahtme Gymnasium Kohtla-Järve Relevance of the topic Ø The English language becomes the means of international communication, the language of trade, education, politics, and economics. People have to communicate with each other. It is very important for them to understand foreigners and be understood by them. Goal of my research work Ø Goal of my research work is to prove that idioms in the English language are integral part of it, which make our speech more colorful and authentically native. Tasks I like to achieve the following tasks: 1. To classify idioms; 2. To study the problem of the translation of idioms; 3. To understand the aim of the modern usage of idioms; 4. To distinguish different kinds of idioms; 5. To...
Charles John Huffam Dickens was born on 7 February 1812 in Landport, Portsmouth, in Hampshire, the second of eight children to John Dickens. He was the most popular English novelist of the Victorian era and one of the most popular of all time. He created some of literature's most memorable characters. His novels and short stories have never gone out of print Sharles visited America twice, where he gave lectures, raised support for copyright laws, and recorded many of his impressions of America. In 1835 he met and became engaged to Catherine Hogarth. In 1844 Dickens and his family toured Italy, and were much abroad, in Italy, Switzerland, and France, until 1847 He died on the 9 June 1870 after a stroke. Much of his work first appeared in periodicals and magazines in serialised form, a favoured way of publishing fiction at the time. Other writers of the time would complete entire novels before serial publication commenced, but Dickens o...
Different nations. There has always been a moving and mixing of people, caused by different reasons. As a result of this process people now have mixed cultures and many cultural conflicts. It should be easy and good to live in a town full on different cultures, but it may cause some trouble to. Countries with rich diversity usually do not have a race problem.Small countries with only one or two nationalities can be the centre of such problem.The people in these countries do not have any experiences with other origins people, because they aren't used to it. When they see, for example, a black-skinned person ,they start whispering.However, people who grew up in countries with wide diversity, are much more tolerant. They meet different origins and skin colours every day. Different cultures make the country interesting place to live.They can introduce their customs and culture to others and in time the c...
Literature of the 14th century The highpoint of medieval literature, the best writer of late medieval lived then. William Langland 1332-1376 the last important poet of alliterative verse. His masterpiece "The Vision of Piers Ploughman" how important working hard is, the labour of peasants is the base of the welfare of the people. A passionate protest against social injustice. A time when peasants were slowly rising against their feudal lords. Descriptions of different social classes. Religious mysticism. Two great principles: 1) all men are equal before God; 2) honest labour is dignified. It is a dream allegory. A young maiden named Youth, Greed is an old witch. The greatest writer of this period and the whole of medieval times Geoffrey Chaucer (1340?-1400): · The father of English poetry · The creator of English versification · The first poet to use various metres · Laid the foundation of the new literary English ...
Introduction English is spoken on all five continents. With regard to the numbers of speakers it is only exceeded by Chinese and Spanish. But in terms of geographical spread it stands at the top of the league. The varieties of English in the modern world are divided into four geographical groups as follows. British Isles America United States (with African American England English) Wales Canada Ireland The Caribbean Africa Asia, Pacific West Africa South- and South-East Asia East Africa Australia and New Zealand South Africa ...
1. How many public holidays or Red-Letter Days are there in Britain? Name them. 8 public holidays in Britain: two at Christmas, one for the New Year(which was only introduced in the late 1970s) two at Easter and three Bank Holidays. 2. What is the same and what is different about the way Christmas is celebrated in England and Estonia? In England, there's common to sing Carol's and for children, Christmas means pantomimes plays based on fairy tales which combine comedy, dance and song. A traditional Christmas dinner includes roast turkey with roast potatoes, a range of vegetables, cranberry sauce etc., followed by Christmas pudding and Christmas cake. The pulling of crackers(and the wearing of paper hats) before the meal is quite popular. Afterwards many watch the Queen's traditional Christmas address on TV at 3 pm. Christmas actually contains of 3 days: Christmas Eve, Christmas Day and Boxing Day. The ...
Story about English humor At first, I have to say that English humor is very frightening and quite shocking for us, Estonians. But if to talk about British people and their humor then for them, it's more than everyday life. It is something they are use to see and hear every day, day after another. They do not take it that serious as the other nationalities would and they are definitely the best laughers at themselves. The brightest memory I have from those two videos is that guy in the wheelchair. Unbelievable how selfish and rude they are! And no-one can do anything about that. If they say so then all the people around them have to act like they wish. They are absolutely innocently taking the advantage of other innocent people. Certainly we cannot talk about all disabled people from that point of view, but the exception affirms the rule. And in Britain, you can find a lot of exceptions. The second thing whi...
Studying abroad Essay Nowadays, when borders are opened and we have so many opportunities to travel and see the world, some of us look jobs abroad, but someones go to educate themselves. Studying abroad is becoming more and more popular in young people. But why is that so? Studying and living abroad puts one young person to very difficult situation, he or she has to become independent. You do not have your parents right next to you, you have to handle everyday -life yourself. Maybe the beginning itself is hard, but it is definately useful. You learn to live life on your own. One of the disadvantages is language barrier, especially when you are going to country, where the English is not a spoken language. So the previous work with that new language is vital. Also when you are in that atmosphere you learn new language very quickly. And here comes ad...
Rowan Sebastian Atkinson Rowan Sebastian Atkinson is born 6 January 1955 and is an English actor, comedian, and screenwriter who is best known for his work on the sitcoms Mr. Bean and Blackadder. Atkinson (the youngest of four brothers) was born in Consett, County Durham, England. His parents were Eric Atkinson (a farmer and company director), and Ella May, who married on 29 June 1945. His three older brothers are Paul (who died as an infant), Rodney (a Eurosceptic economist who narrowly lost the United Kingdom Independence Party leadership election in 2000) and Rupert. He attended Newcastle University and Oxford University where he earned degrees in electrical engineering. (During that time, he met screenwriter Richard Curtis, with whom he wrote and performed comedy revues.) Later, he co-wrote and appeared in Not the Nine O'Clock News, which was a huge success and spawned several best-selling books. (...
road signs All speed limit signs in the Republic changed to the metric system in 2005. Some direction signs still show distance in miles so tourists often mix them up. There are usually about 10 signs or more on one post , and its really hard to see them when driving, so tourists disturb traffic quite often when slowing down to read the signs All the signs are multilingual ,due to high percentage of English speakers Forests Ireland has only about 8 % of his whole land covered with forests. Centuries ago people cut the forests and didn't think about the future so nowadays there is mostly peat ( turvas) which Ireland uses to produce energy. Economy Ireland had a big economic boom in the late 20'th century, but now the Republic of Ireland is ranked the second wealthiest per capita country in the European Union. Education in Ireland is free at all levels, including college. The construction sector, which is inherently cyclical in nature, ...
THE ANGLO-SAXON PERIOD English literature came when the Angles, the Saxons, the Jutes and the Frisians invaded Britain. During this time English was called Anglo- Saxon or Old English. In the chronicles of Roman history (composed in Latin) is said that Britain makes its first appearance in written language when Romans invade the England. BEOWULF most important poem, surviving in a 10th-cent manuscript. The historical period of the poem's events can be dated in the 6th to 8th century. Much of the material of the poem is legendary and paralleled in other Germanic historical-mythological literature in Norse, Old English, and German. GEOFFREY CHAUCER (1340-1400) Politician and writer, fought in France during the 100 years war. He visited Genoa and Florence where he became acquainted with Italian literature and in particular with the works of Dante, Petrarch and Boccaccio. The French period (up to 1370). early works were ba...
History of English literature Periods: 1. Anglo-saxon or early literature (499 - 1066) 2. Second or Norman or late Medieval period (1066 - 13/14 century) 3. Renaissance or Modern period (13-14 century present) Anglo-Saxon period · All of the literature had its roots in folklore · Texts were orally transmitted, the anglosaxons had no written language · Two types of singers: 1) scop (attached to the royal court, wrote poetry and songs, performed them); 2) gleeman (travelled, mostly sang other peoples' songs, not their own songs; performers of scop songs) · The oldest known song Widsith (The Far Traveller/Wonderer); tells of a gleeman who travels in Europe, of his love of noble deeds, speaks of the shortness of life http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Widsith · The other known song Deor's Lament. Can be called the first English lyrics, about 40 lines. Talks about a scop who is not happy w...
16th century (Tudors) 1. Henry VII - avoided wars, careful with money, didnt have expensive parties, was a rather shadowy figure 2. Henry VIII- brilliant scholar, excellent knight, good-looking, ambitious, self- centered, loved expensive clothes and parties. Wasted his fathers money very quickly and had 6 wives. His first wife couldnt give birth to a baby boy and they only had a daughter. His next wife only gave birth to a girl too. His next wife gave birth to a boy but died after the labor. He didnt like his 4th wife so he sent her back. His fifth wife was young and beautiful but had many lovers and Henry didnt like it so she was sent to the Tower and was beheaded. HIs 6th wife survived. 3. Edward- was sickly and ruled only for a few years and then he died 4. Mary Tudor/Bloody Mary- was catholic and killed many protesntants. Ruled only f...
LEXICOLOGY 1. Size of English vocabulary 1) Old English – 50,000 to 60,000 words Vocabulary of Shakespeare OE – homogeneous; 1/3 of the vocabulary has survived • 884,647 words of running text About 450 Latin loans (Amosova) • 29,000 different words (incl. work, working, Viking invasions added 2,000 worked, which are counted here as separate 2) Middle English – 100,000 – 125,000 words) English becomes heterogeneous (Norman French, • 21,000 words English, Latin), hybrid of Germanic and Romance languages Norman French influence – about 10,000 words, 75 % are still in use (Baugh) Latin influence continues 3) Early Modern English – 200,000 – 250,000 English becomes a polycentric language; polyglot, cosmopolitan lang...
Technical translation Technical translation Forms a part of specialised translation The other part is comprised by institutional translation (politics, commerce, finance, government, etc.) Can be considered somewhat culture-free (not really true?) Universal: not confines to one speech community Characteristic features: Terminology (5-10%), only that much, but it makes the text hard to translate Format: technical report, but also instructions, manuals, notices, publicity Grammatical features in English: passives, third persons, empty verbs, present tenses. Technical Style Free from emotive language, connotations, sound-effects, original metaphor Part of technical translator’s job often is to rephrase poorly written language and convert metaphor to sense. Varieties of Technical Style Academic or scientific styl...
PASSIVE VOICE TEST FOR FORM 10 NAME: Task 1. Turn active voice sentences into passive voice. Only keep the agent (by phrase= where absolutely necessary. Please remember that tense form (tegusõna aeg) should remain the same when the sentence is transformed into passive. E.g. Chimps eat bananas (Present Simple Active) Bananas are eaten by chimps. (Present Simple Passive) They were playing the piano. (Past Continuous Active) Piano was being played. (Past Continuous Passive) 1. They will finish the house next month. 2. The house will be finished next month. 3. Susan has completed the essay. 4. The essay has been completed by Susan. 5. People should have left the bird alone. 6. The bird should have been left alone. 7. We cannot repair their car. 8. Their car cannot be repaired. 9. The owners had sent the money to a Swiss bank. 10. The mone...
ELT Methodology (FLGR.01.041) 27.12.2012 Home Assignments. I Youtube clips: · A vision of K-12 students I personally think that Estonian learners are also digital learners. They spend more time at the computers or laptops or iPads etc. than read books or move outside. And another thing is that teachers are less capable in using technological appliances. But the latter mentioned fact is an advantage for us teachers as well. It gives us an opportunity to provide our students to experience success. They can help and assist us if we need some technological help. Another thing is that in schools, in classes generally students are not allowed to use their appliances, so it means they have to communicate verbally as well. I think that teachers ...
Architecture Early Anglo-Saxon buildings in Britain were generally simple, constructed mainly using timber with thatch for roofing. The Anglo-Saxons built small towns near their centres of agriculture. In each town, a main hall was in the centre. The architectural character of Anglo- Saxon ecclesiastical buildings range from Coptic influenced architecture in the early period; basilica influenced Romanesque architecture; and in the later Anglo-Saxon period, an architecture characterised by pilaster-strips, blank arcading, baluster shafts and triangular headed openings. There are few remains of Anglo-Saxon architecture, with no secular work remaining above ground. All surviving churches, except one timber church, are built of stone or brick and in some cases show evidence of re-used Roman work. Art Anglo-Saxon art is mainly known today through illuminated manuscripts. Although they are the most well known to have survived. Perhaps the bes...
This is a post-refereeing final draft. When citing, please refer to the published version: Cohen, S.A. (2011). Lifestyle travellers: Backpacking as a way of life. Annals of Tourism Research, 38(4), 1535-1555. DOI: 10.1016/j.annals.2011.02.002 LIFESTYLE TRAVELLERS: Backpacking as a way of life Scott A. Cohena Bournemouth University, United Kingdom a corresponding author: School of Tourism, Dorset House, Talbot Campus, Poole, Dorset, BH12 5BB, United Kingdom. Tel: +44 1202 961261 Fax: +44 1202 515707 Email: [email protected] ABSTRACT Scholarship on backpackers speculates some individuals may extend backpacking to a way of life. This article empirically explores this proposition using lifestyle consumption as its framing concept and conceptualises individuals who style their lives around the enduring practice of backpacking as ‘lifestyle travellers’. Ethn...
STYLISTICS 1. Style, stylistics, a survey of stylistic studies The term ,,style" is polysemantic. Latin ,,stilus"--a writing instrument used by the ancients for writing on waxed tablets. Soon, the meaning was extended to denote the manner of expressing one's ideas in written or oral form. Jonathan Swift said: ,, Style is proper words in proper places" Present day--half a dozen meanings: · the characteristic manner in which a writer expresses his ideas (Style of Byron) · the manner of expressing ideas characteristic of a literary movement or period (symbolism, romanticism) · the use of lg. typical of a literary genre (comedy, drama, novel) · the selective use of lg that depends on spheres of human activity. These are called functional styles or registers (fiction, newspaper) Stylist...
1) Standard and non-standard varieties of English Standard varieties of English are the varieties of the English language that are considered to be a norm and are spoken and written by the minority (educated people). This is the optimum for educational purposes. The standard varieties of English are: BrEng (British), EngEng (English), NAmEng (North-America), USEng (United States), CanEng (Canada), AusEng (Australia), NZEng (New Zealand). Standard English (British English) is the most widely accepted and understood among native speakers, learned by foreigners. It is used in broadcasting, TV, news etc. It doesn't concern pronounciation (accent), but grammar and vocabulary. It includes formal and informal styles. British Standard English grammar and vocabulary, together with the RP accent should be called English English. RP (Received Pronounciation) is an accent that originates from South-East of England. A social accent, associated o...
English literature is one of the oldest literatures in Europe; dates back to the 6th century AD. Oral literature, i.e. not written down, spread from person to person. In 449 AD Anglo-‐Saxon tribes invaded England – beginning of the Anglo-‐Saxon period in English literature. The first form of literature was folklore, carried by scops and gleemen, who sang in alliterative verse (a kind of simple poetry). Prose developed much later. The first form of recorded English literature was the epic Beowulf, which was produced sometime near the end of the 7th and beginning of the 8th century. It has no ...
Diana Ostrat Essey How does the United States influence Estonia? The United States of America with it's global economic and political superpower is one of the most influential countries in the world and therefore it’s influence can also be felt in Estonia. Fluctuations in Estonia’s status as an independent country have had significant impact on the amount of influence from other countries, whether it is the language, eating habits or lifestyle. But how has United States influenced Estonia after we gained our independence? Estonia is not economically dependent on the United States as they are not one of our most important trading partners, but as the economics of the United States has a great influence on the world economy, they can still indirectly have an influence on Estonian economy. ...
1. STYLE The term "style" is polysemantic (has many meanings): a Latin word "stilus" originally meant a writing instrument used by ancient people. Already in classical Latin the meaning was extended to denote the manner of expressing one's ideas in written or oral form. Jonathan Swift defined style as "proper words in proper places". In present day English the word "style" is used in about a dozen of principle meanings: 1. the characteristic manner in which a writer expresses his/her ideas (e.g. style of Byron) 2. the manner of expressing ideas, characteristic of a literary movement or period 3. the use of language typical of a literary genre (e.g. the style of a comedy, drama, novel). 4. the selective use of language that depends on spheres / areas of human activity (e.g. style of fiction, scientific prose, newspapers, business correspondence, etc.). STYLISTICS Stylistics is the study of s...
Summary • Early history of translation studies – Cicero and St. Jerome (what did they do/how/why are they relevant to translation studies?) St. Jerome – Greek scholar, did some translation work. Lived during the 4th century. Jerome is best known as the translator of the Bible into Latin. A previous version (now called the Old Latin) existed, but Jerome's version far surpassed it in scholarship and in literary quality. Jerome was well versed in classical Latin (as well as Greek and Hebrew), but deliberately translated the Bible into the style of Latin that was actually spoken and written by the majority of persons in his own time. This kind of Latin is known as Vulgate Latin (meaning the Latin of the common people), and accordingly Jerome's translation is called the Vulgate. Cicero – Lived during the 1st century BC. Roman politician, philosopher & translator. Theory ‘‘word-for-word’’ & ‘‘sense-for-sen...
SCHOOL Academic English course Hypermobility. The effect of hypermobility on flexibility. A research paper Student: Grade: 10 Tutor: Tallinn 2016 Joint Hypermobility Syndrome (JMS) is a condition which describes joints that are able to bend further than normal. The syndrome is generally induced by changes in bone structure. It occurs in about 10%-25% of the world’s population.1 Joint hypermobility causes several effects, both positive and negative. This essay describes the syndrome briefly as well as discusses the benefits and consequences of the condition. However, the expedience of the condition outweighs the negative issues JMS can bring about. Hypermobile joints are a serious case in which the tissue...
Tallinn English College Topic Great Britain 2007 1. Introduction The official name of Great Britain is `the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (or short United Kingdom)' The population is about 60.4 million. The capital is London. Other biggest cities include Birmingham, Bristol, Portsmouth, Glasgow and Swansea. English is the main language of Great Britain, but Welsh is officially recognized in Wales and Gaelic in Scotland. 2. Geographical position The British Isles is the geographical term for a group of about 5000 islands off the coast of mainland Europe. The largest island is Great Britain, which is also the largest island in Europe. It consists of England, Wales and Scotland. The next largest island is Ireland, which is made up of Northern Ireland and the Irish Republic. Britain and Northern Island together form the United Kingdom. When referring to Britain ...
1 SYNTACTIC STYLISTIC DEVICES SYNTACTIC STYLISTIC DEVICES are based on a peculiar place of the word or phrase in the utterance (text, sentence, etc).This special place creates emphasis irrespective of the lexical meaning of the words used. Categories: syntactic stylistic devises based on: SDD: based on ABSENCE OF LOGICALLY REQUIRED ELEMENTS OF SPEECH ELLIPSIS ELLIPSIS or ELLIPTICAL SENTENCES means leaving out one or both principle members of the sentence that is the subject or predicate. NT: Where is the man I'm going to marry? - Out in the garden. (no subject) What is he doing out there? - Annoying father. Here, in the dialogue, ellipsis creates the colloquial tone of the utterance. It also renders realistically the way the characters speak. The elliptical sentences convoy/render carelessness, familiarity, harshness. It...
English lexicology 1. Size of English vocabulary Vocabulary is a sum total of words used in a language by speakers or for dictionary-making. Active and passive vocabulary. The Old English vocabulary was homogenous. There were about 50 000 – 60 000 words, 1/3 of which have survived. o About 450 loans from Latin o About 2000 from the Viking invasions. The Middle-English vocabulary became a heterogeneous hybrid of Germanic and Romanic languages. 100 000 to 125 000 words. o About 10 000 loans from Norman French, 75% are still in use o Continuing Latin influence Early Modern English. 200 000 – 250 000 words o English becomes a pluricentric language. o Polyglot. Cosmopolitan language Modern English. 500 000 words o At present at least 1 billion lexical units 2....
1. Nimeta inimese meeled ja Inimese meelteks on: kirjelda eraldi iga meeleprotsessi 1. Maitsemeel. Maitsemeele elundiks on toimimist täpselt (nt milline elund, keel, millel paiknevad maitsmispungad ning kus asuvad retseptorid, nende nendes omakorda maitseretseptorid. nimetused, mida nad teevad jne). Retseptorid võtavad vastu informatsiooni ja saadavad edasi närviimpulsse kõrgematesse ajukeskustesse. Kõik retseptorid reageerivad erineval määral. 2. Kuulmismeel. Kuulmismeele elundiks on kõrv ning retseptoriteks on karvarakud, mis asuvad kõrvas. Karvarakud võtavad vastu stiimuli, milleks on õhumolekulide ...
Personal statement ,,Whatever course you decide upon, there is always someone to tell you that you are wrong. There are always difficulties arising which tempt you to believe that your critics are right. To map out a course of action and follow it to an end requires courage." - Ralph Waldo Emerson This quato, mentioned before, gives me confidence to do great things myself in life and pursue them into bigger ones one day ahead. In these moments i like to remember what Napoleon Hill once said: ,,If you can´t do great things, do small things in a great way." The things is, that everyone has to start somewhere, to find their own way in this life-that is the reason why i am writing this letter at this very moment, to let you know, that i am ready to make a change. To introduce myself, i would use one word-determined. I am 19 years old girl from Estonia and i live in two cities at the same time. During...
FGI 1081 Stilistika (Irina Ladusseva) Kab. 420 2 AP Ends with an exam; lasts only for 1 semester. At the exam you get 2 questions and an exercise (50 sentences: establish the device used, recognize it, and name it). Care about the pronunciation of the terms. Books: - I. Galperin "Stylistics" - I. Ladusseva "Rhythm and Text" - I. Ladusseva "Vocabulary and Style" - I. Ladusseva "Stylistic practice: Book I, Book II" - I. Ladusseva "A Guide to Punctuation" EXAMINATION TOPICS: 1. Style, stylistics, a survey of stylistic studies ...
Teacher's questions FAMILY, HOME AND EVERYDAY LIFE 1. What colours do you like? Why? I like many colours. Coloured things are more interesting than monochrome things. But I have got my favourite colour. My favourite colour is pink. I like yellow and orange too. These colours are quite womanly. I don't like dark colours. Dark colours are too dark for me. 2. What do you think of the colour scheme of your school? I think that my school is beautiful. My school has got quite good look. In the outside the school is light. But in the inside the schoolrooms are quite colourful. I don't like the gym colour scheme. I think that pink and blue are not very good choice. I think that it's quite funny. But other rooms are in normal colours. 3. If money where not a problem, what would your future home look like? There will be many changes in my home look. Mostly I will enlarge the rooms. I need more livi...
Fact from the last Irish census, Sean was the most popular boys name and Emma was the most popular girls name. Ireland has won the Nobel prize for literature on four occasions with George Bernard Shaw, William Butler Yeats, Samuel Beckett and Seamus Heaney. Irish aviation fact = Shannon became the worlds first duty free airport in 1947 There is no death penalty in Ireland. Ireland is a neutral state and is not a member of N.A.T.O. The famous Titanic ship was built in Belfast. Henry Ford of Ford Motor Company was the son of an Irish emigrant. John Kennedy, the thirtyfifth President of the U.S.A.was born in Massachusetts in 1917. The Kennedy family were descendants of Irish emigrants to the U.S.A. in the nineteenth century. Kilkenny born architect James Hoban designed the White House and also the official residence of the Irish president, Aras an Uachtarain. Bushmills, Couny Antrim is the Worlds Oldest Whiskey Distillery base...
ENGLISH LITERATURE Ancient Britain Lived on the British Isles in the 1st millenium. They most probably came from Eastern Europe and belonged to the Celtic race and also spoke Celtic. They were primitive hunters- gatherers, farmers. Some Celtic words are still used in modern English, however they are used mostly in place names. For example: · avon river · cumb valley · ford shallow place in the river Ancient Britons had their own religion and priests or druids and temples. In the year 55 BC Britain became a Roman province. Romans were highly developed and had their own language latin, which has also greatly influenced English. The military occupation of the Isles ended in 410 AD. The Romans eventually brought Christianity to Britain. Hadrian's wall on the border of Scotland and England. It began constru...
1.Lexicology as a science L. studies the voc of lg as a system. Word-learning, lexis-logos. The task of L is to establish the general features of modern Engl voc. Theoretical L. gives a complete picture of voc. Practical value lies in using and appretiating the lg more conciously. There is diachronic (historical) L that studies origin and development; syncronic studies voc at a given historical period. There are general L (studies words disregarding particular features of any particular lg); special L (studies specific features of a separate lg, there is Engl that bases on general L); contrastive (compares vocabularys in different languages). 2. Connection of L with other linguistic disciplines a) the word performes a certain grammatical function (nt, he always misses the class, how many misses are there; the girl powders her nose, soliders face powder)In speech words are combined according to grammatical rules. The plural of nouns m...
MASS MEDIA By ''mass media '' we intend to those means of communication which can reach large or mass audiences. The most important are probably Television, Radio, the Press and Internet. The English-speaking peoples have always allowed more freedom of speech and of the press than most other countries. This gave them an advantage from the start in communications. The ground work for mass communications in the 20th century was laid in the 19th century by two inventions which allowed people to communicate by wire. These were the electric telegraph and the telephone. The telegraph was invented in Britain in 1837. They were being used in the Civil war. It allowed messages to be sent electrically over telegraph wires. This was much faster and more reliable than sending messages by horse messenger. the telephone was invented In 1876 by Alexander Graham Bell. The first radio broadcasts wer...
Fiji covers a total area of some 194,000 square kilometres (75,000 sq mi) of which around 10% is land. Fiji is the hub of the South West Pacific, midway between Vanuatu and the Kingdom of Tonga. The archipelago is located between 176° 53 east and 178° 12 west. The 180° meridian runs through Taveuni but the International Dateline is bent to give uniform time to all of the Fiji group. With the exception of Rotuma, the Fiji group lies between 15° 42 and 20° 02 south. Rotuma is located 400 kilometres north of the group, 670 km from Suva, 12° 30 south of the equator. Fiji consists of 322 islands (of which 106 are inhabited) and 522 smaller islets. The two most important islands are Viti Levu and Vanua Levu. The islands are mountainous, with peaks up to 1,300 metres (4,250 ft), and covered with thick tropical forests. Viti Levu hosts the capital city of Suva, and is home to nearly three quarters of the population. Other important towns incl...
CANADA REVISION QUESTIONS 2010 1. The main physiographic regions of Canada. Canada may be divided into seven physiographic regions: Arctic Lowlands, Cordilleran Region, Interior Plains, Hudson Bay Lowlands, Canadian Shield (Forest Lands), St Lawrence Lowlands and Appalachian Region. Divisions are based on each area's relatively similar physical geography and landforms. Physiographic regionalization is defined here as the process by which regions with relatively homogeneous physical geography are determined 2. Who are the native people of Canada? Into which three groups can they be divided? Canada's constitution specifies three categories of aboriginal peoples: Indian (First Nations), Métis, Inuit. According to Canadian census 2011, 1.4 mln people of Aboriginal origin (4.3%): 852,000 First Nation...
The Renaissance In the history the Middle Ages were followed by the Renassance period. During this period a new class called bourgeoeisie came into being. This is the period when monarchies based on nationality were estabilished. The Renaessance started in Italy In the 14th century. Then it spread all over Europe, reached England in 16th century. The struggle for power culminated in a war called The War of Roses. It was a civil war between two dynasties, families. They had different emblems on one side the Yorks (white rose) other Lancasters (red). They couldn't decide who gets the throne. War ended 1485. A new dynasty came to throne, Tudor, the first king in this dynasty was Henry Vll. When he came to throne a period of stability followed because he built a nation based state. He was good at diplomacy.He could avoid quarrels and wars with neigbouring countries. France, Spain - greatest enemies.So he ...
1. Ancient Britain: the Celtic tribes. 2000 years ago there was an Iron Age Celtic culture throughout the Br Isles. It seems that the Celts, who had been arriving from Europe from the 8th cent BC onward, intermingled with the peoples who were already there. The Celts were extremely talented people, creative and artistic. More than 1 Celtic tribe invaded Br. The descendants of ancient Celts live in Wales, Scotland, Cornwall and Ireland. They lived in primitive society. Druids priests, more powerful than chiefs. Acted like prophets. 2. Stonehenge From prehistoric period. Was built on Salisbury plain between 2500 and 1500 bc. One of the most famous and mysterious archaeological sites in the world. One of the mysteries is how it was built at all with the technology of the time. Another is its purpose. It appears to function as a kind on astronomical clock and we know it was used by the Druids for ceremonies marking the passing ...
BRITISH NATIONAL SYMBOLS Research work CONTENTS CONTENTS.....................................................................................................................................2 INTRODUCTION............................................................................................................................3 1. BRITISH NATIONAL SYMBOLS..............................................................................................5 1.1 Great Britain and British story................................................................................................5 1.2 National Symbols and Nation Building..................................................................................5 1.3 The Use of Flags throughout History.....................................................................................6 1.4 The Early Modern Flags. United Kindom: Union Jack.........................................
1. The Jacobean masque Elizabethan one nation culture, now cultural polarisation between the new courtly culture and the rest of the country. Court in cultural isolation. Ben Jonson. King and courtiers were close to universally recognised ideal types (conflict with the reality). Mysticism. Emergence of perspective view, stage machinery, artificial light, revolution. The stage cast the monarch in the focal point (the lines of perspective of the stage met there. Inigo Jones. Masque an educative vehicle, towards classical antiquity and architecture. Tide towards absolute monarchy. Masque – linked poetry and moral philosophy into art. Music, dance, poetry, lavish illusionistic scenic display to express the doctrines of divine kingship. Great impact. Like gods come down to earth. 2. The Caroline masque Charles decided on subject matter, and acted and danced in masques. Now the regal divinity even more obvious. Ben Jonson. Divine m...
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