Mercy kill as a way out Mercy killing has always been a controversial topic, some believe that practicing it should be punished because it could lead to bad consequences but others think a person should never be punished just for helping. Mercy killing should not be punished. People with terminal illness usually experience a lot suffering and when they have a choice whether to live in pain and be a burden to their family and hospital or die in peace, many usually prefer the second choice. Some prefer to die with dignity and if mercy killing would be punished they simply would have the freedom of choose. On the other hand mercy killing should be punished. If mercy killing becomes something usual younger people might start thinking life has a smaller value. A tremendous amount of resources is used to keep the terminally ill people alive and doctors might start using euthanasia as something to save up the resources...
Introduction: Hi, I'm here to talk about the advantages and disadvantages of using legal English. How many of you have had to use/have had any interaction with legal English? Well, I, myself, apart from learning it in this class, have never, but many others have. Legal English dates back to thousands of years and it is an essential part of law. Lately, in some cases, legalese has been smoothly replaced with plain language and for some it is unacceptable. So, why use legal English when there is already plain language that can be used instead? Body 1: Firstly, we all like to follow traditions, right? So do most lawyers. You know Latin was and is important for English law, the practice of using Latin word versus in case names (for "against") still occurs daily. Why change something that has been used and appreciated for thousands of years? Law is known for it's conservatism and legalese might have maintained so well because many lawyers h...
The Republic of Singapore SilverKera 10.B GAG Some statistics · An island country · Southern tip of the Malay peninsula · Total area of 710 km2and a population of 5 312 400 · Population density 7 315/ km2 · Left-handtraffic A brief history of Singapore · Comes from the Malay wordSingapura · British colony in 1819 · Occupied by Japan in 1942-1945 · 1959 self-governing state · 1963 joined Malaysia · 1965 complete independence Legal system · Legal system based on English common law · Trial by jury removed in 1970 · Caning · Mandatory death penalty · "Possibly the highest execution rate in the world relative to its population" Economy · Location made it an important trading post · In 2011 ranked 2ndfreest economy · Singaporean dollar · Port of Singapore · Worlds highest % of millionaires (1 out of 6) · No minimum wage and high income ineq...
Essential Vocabulary - I The role of law in society 1. juriidilised kohustused – legal obligations 2. kannatanud pool, kahjukannataja – injured party 3. vaidlusi lahendama (kohtus) – to settle a dispute in a court of law 4. riskeerima tehingute tegemisega – to risk making transactions 5. õigusnõustamist otsima – to seek legal advice 6. tagama, et leping kehtiks – to ensure that the contract would be valid 7. õiguslikke vahendeid kasutama – to use legal means 8. harjuma õiguslikke vahendeid kasutama – to get accustomed to using legal means 9. omama teadmisi millestki – to have knowledge of smth 10. ette kirjutama, ettekirjutus, ettekirjutav – to prescribe, prescription, prescriptional 11. karistust kandma – to serve punishment (ka to suffer a penalty) 12. vägivaldselt käituma (kellegi suhtes) – to act violently towards smb 13. a...
VÕRDLEVA ÕIGUSTEADUSE ALUSED SEMINARID SEMINARIDE LÄBIMINE ON KOHUSTUSLIK EKSAMILE PÄÄSEMISE EELDUS 2013/2014 õa kevadsemester (Avatud ülikool) I SEMINAR 21. märts 2014 kl 8.30-10.00 1. Kontinentaal-Euroopa õiguse ajalooline kujunemine. a. Euroopa ülikoolide ühtne õigus ja ülikoolide töö eesmärgid. b. Rooma õiguse retseptsioon. c. Kodifikatsioonid. d. Loomuõiguskoolkond vs ajalooline koolkond. 2. Kontinentaal-Euroopa õiguse struktuur. a. Eesti õigusperekondliku kuuluvuse analüüs ajaloolises läbilõikes. 3. Kontinentaal-Euroopa õiguse süsteem. a. Eesti õiguse süsteemi diakrooniline käsitlus (seadusandluse ja kohtusüsteemi näitel) 4. Ius commune allikad: a. Õiguse allika mõiste. b. nende ajalooline kujunem...
11.02.09 INGLISE KEEL Palju aega läheb. 10 nädalat aint. One of the ESP courses. What we are going to do, what is needed: · What we do - 1 test, on words. · 2 Essays, that means that we have to look into academic writing · Homereading we read a case from European Court of Justice thingy. · Oral thing. · 90% you have to attend · Have to prepare for class and take part of it etc What we learn: Terms Expressions / collocations (nt obey/abide by the law) Explaining AWOL absence without a leave Legal English can be divided into 3 levels. We learn the first one, which is needed for the other two! You have to know the vocabulary etc. Second level has to do with legal contracts... The third level both 1 and 2 and explaining... We learn the vocabulary + explaining. Process of law-making draft law/bill (seaduseelnõu) is developed draft is sent to the parl...
Pidgins, creoles and standard language Pidgin language A simplified language Mainly employed in trade NOT the native language of any community may be built from words, sounds, or body language from multiple other languages and cultures No particular rules Chinese Pidgin English a pidgin lexically based on English and influenced by Chinese developed in 17th century in China Began to decline during the 19th century, when standard English began to be taught in schools Chinese Pidgin English Some characteristics: Based on a vocabulary of 700 English words Grammar and syntax are simple and positional (grammatical categories are indicated by the position of words in a sentence) Lack of plural personal pronouns Chinese Pidgin English Example sentences: Hab gat rening kum daun (Have got raining come down) “There is rain coming down” Tumoro mai no kan kum (Tomorrow my ...
Anglo-Saxon period Celts-came from Germany,2000-1200BC began to migrate to Britain,spoke Celtic language,were known as Britons,lived in small villages,round wooden huts-mainly farmers-no towns,organised in tribes with a king/queen as a leader,intertribal wars were very common,the Ancient Britons:one of the Celtic tribes living in Britain 4thBC,believed in different gods,governed by a class of priests-druids who had great power. Romans in Britain:55BC came to conquer Britain(Julius Caesar),brought their own civilization,taught Britons to build roads,bridges,houses,baths,temples,protected Britain for several hundred years,4thBC Romans left Britain,43AD Queen Boadicea of Iceni tribe lost their battle with Romans. Who were the next invaders and where did they come from? Anglo-Saxons came from northern Germany,Denmark and northern Holland. What was their lifestyle like?Anglo-Saxons liked fighting,drinking,gambling,life expectancy not very lo...
As both asian and European markets use the internet more and more to conduct business, there will be an increasing need for language choice for the different markets.English is so often used on the internet that it might make you think everyone in the world speaks English, or at least give you the impression that it is the worlds most widekyspoken language.If this were true, it would, off course, bring benefits for worldwide communication and understandig, thought it could also possibly become a threat to cultural diversity.English certainly seems to be everywhere, from films to pop music and TV, and from 15 business to science and other fields. Information varies, but suggests that about 75% of the pages on the web are in english.Yet English is the mother tongue for only 5,4% of the worlds population, while a further 7% of the worlds population are proficient speakers of English. This means that only around 12% of the worlds population...
Private School of Audentes Links between English speaking countries and Estonia Author: Kristin Liiv Supervisor: Mari Martma Tallinn 2006 2 Table of contents Introduction..........................................................................................................................4 First links............................................................................................................................. 5 20th century..........................................................................................................................5 Recognition.......................................................................................................................... 9 Conclusions...............................................................................................................
Canada Canada is a country occupying most of northern North America, extending from the Atlantic Ocean in the east to the Pacific Ocean in the west and northward into the Arctic Ocean. It is the world's second largest country by total area, and shares land borders with the United States to the south and northwest. Canada is a federation composed of ten provinces and three territories; in turn, these may be grouped into regions. Western Canada consists of British Columbia and the three Prairie provinces (Alberta, Saskatchewan, and Manitoba). Central Canada consists of Quebec and Ontario. Atlantic Canada consists of the three Maritime provinces (New Brunswick, Prince Edward Island, and Nova Scotia), along with Newfoundland and Labrador. Eastern Canada refers to Central Canada and Atlantic Canada together. Three territories (Yukon, Northwest Territories, and Nunavut) make up Northern Canada. ...
s Born: 849 at Wantage, Oxfordshire Parents: Aethelwulf, King of Wessex, and Osburh Relation to Elizabeth II: 32nd great-grandfather House of: Wessex Crowned: 871 Married: Ealhswith of Mercia Children: 5 children Died: 899 Buried at: Winchester ·Only King to have epithet"the Great" ·Defended England against Danish invasion and founded the first English navy ·He encouraged the translation of scholarly works from Latin and promoted the development of the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle. ·A new legal code came into force during his reign. ·At the age of 19 in 868 he is recorded as fighting beside his brother in Mercia against the Danes In 878, the Danes under their leader, Guthrum overran Wessex. Alfred and his remnants went into hiding. At Easter time in 879, Alfred set up a base in the region of Athelney. The great Saxon kingdoms of England had been reduced to one man who ruled a small area of...
TOPICS For the PRELIM Year 1 Put down 10-12 relevant terms and retell about: 1. Prescriptive and descriptive law Prescriptive law – prescribe how people ought to behave Descriptive law – describes the way people or natural phenomena behave Break the law – do something illegal Penalty – punishment Government – system by which a state or community is controlled Law – the system of rules System of courts – all judicial institutions Enforce – to make people obey the law Authority – a group of people with official responsibility for a particular area of activity /the moral or legal right or ability to control Prescribe – to tell someone what they must have or do, or to make a rule of something Impose The word law can have several meanings, it can be divided into prescriptive and descriptive law. Descriptive law – describes the way people or natural phenomena behave, e. g. law of gravity Prescriptive law – prescribe how people...
Scotlan History The history of Scotland begins around 10,000 years ago, when humans first began to inhabit Scotland after the end of the Devensian glaciation, the last ice age. Of the Stone Age, Bronze Age, and Iron Age civilization that existed in the country, many artifacts remain, but few written records were left behind.People lived in Scotland for at least 8,500 years before recorded history dealt with Britain. The written history of Scotland largely begins with the arrival of the Roman Empire in Britain, when the Romans occupied what is now England and Wales, administering it as a Roman province called Britannia. To the north was territory not governed by the Romans -- Caledonia, by name. Its people were the Picts. From a classical historical viewpoint Scotland seemed a peripheral country, slow to gain advances filtering out from the Mediterranean fount of civilisation, but as knowledge of the past incr...
Mary I Mary I, called Mary Tudor (1516-1558), Queen of England (1553-1558). Mary was born in London on February 18, 1516, the daughter of Henry VIII by his first wife, Catherine of Aragón. Because Henry divorced Catherine, Mary was declared illegitimate. Nonetheless, Henry included her in his will, and on the death of her half-brother, Edward VI, on July 6, 1553, she became the legal heir to the throne. Although Lord High Chamberlain John Dudley, Duke of Northumberland, favoured the succession of his daughter-in-law, Lady Jane Grey, and proclaimed her queen on July 10, the country supported Mary. As a Roman Catholic, Mary began her reign by sweeping awa...
England Art and Culture The art and culture of a country like England shape and determine, to a large extent, the very identity of that place. To experience this aspect of England, one immerses themselves in its people, places, and the unique elements that define it. In general, art and culture is revealed in the following aspects: · Architecture·Language(s)·Sports ·Cuisine·Literature ·Music·Philosophy·Folklore·Laws and legal system ·Religion·Science·Symbols England is a land of creativity and innovation. Locals and visitors are assured of new and exciting elements that are continuously being refreshed. This is especially true of epicentres such as London and Manchester. There are even specific projects that are designed to engender such creativity amongst the local population. Examples of this type of initiative are the Tate Liverpool and the Tate Modern in London. But museums and galleries are not the only homes of art. Sculpt...
England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom.It shares land borders with Scotland to the north and Wales to the west; the Irish sea is to the north west, theCeltic sea to the south west and the North Sea to the east, with the English Channel to the south separating it from continental Europe. The mainland of England consists of the central and southern part of the island of Great Britain in the North Atlantic but England also includes over 100 small isl such as the Isles of Scilly and the Isles of weight.The area now called England has been settled by people of various cultures for about 35,000 years, but it takes its name from the Angles, one of the Germanic tribes who settled during the 5th and 6th centuries. England became a unified state in AD 927, and since the Age of Discovery, which began during the 15th century, has had a significant cultural and legal impact on the wider world. The Kingdom of Englan which after 1284 ...
STUDY QUESTIONS ON CHAPTER 3 · Battle of Stamford Bridge 1066- Battle, that took place on Stamford Bridge between Norwegians who were led by Harald and England (king Harold Godwinson). During the battle many Norwegian leaders were killed. Norwegians lost the battle, and it is very often taken to mark the end of the Viking Age. · Battle of Hastings 1066- Occurred on 14th October 1066 during the Norman conquest of England, between the Norman-French army of William the Conqueror and the English army under king Harold II. During the battle Harold was killed and the Normans won. It was the end of Anglo-Saxon era. · Bayeux Tapestry- Embroidered cloth nearly 70m long, which depicts the events leading up to the Norman conquest of England concerning William, Duke of Normandy and Harold, Earl of Wessex, later king of England and culminating in the battle of Hastings. · Debate poem- ...
Population 1. Size, its changes 2. Distribution 3. Towns 4. Ethnic makeup 5. Age breakdown 6. Religion(s) 1. Size. 1 July 2006 population estimates by UK National Statistics: % (mid- Part Population (mid-2006) 2006) England 50,762,900 83.8 Scotland 5,116,900 8.4 Wales 2,965,900 4.9 Northern Ireland 1,741,600 2.9 United Kingdom 60,587,300 100 Although Britain is quite small in terms of land area (245,000 sq km), it has a large population of nearly 61 million, which ranks the 21st in the world (Britain is the 21st most populous state in the world) and the third largest in the European Union. The size of population is chan...
Revision questions for the test on Old English and Medieval Literature. 1.) How is literature analysed and studied? What is the difference between the diachronic and synchronic view? Literature is studied and analysed by reading the piece of work profoundly and work on all the aspects of the piece. Diachronic is development in history Synchronic is particular state at any given moment 2.) Give a general overview of Celtic Britain, Roman invasion in 55-54 BC, Anglo-Saxon invasion and the second Roman "invasion" of Great Britain, who were the leaders, what influence did they leave on the culture of Great Britain? Celtic Britain was during the Bronze Age, there were many small tribal kingdoms fighting one another. Many megalithic monuments were built around that time, e.g. Stonehenge, the Avebury ring. The Roman Invasion 55-54 BC, Julius Caesar ruled Rome, Rome built the Hadrian's wall (73 miles long, built in 121 127 AD) agains...
Stonehenge One of the best known ancient wonders of the world, 5000 years old Megalith monument, built by western mediterraneans during 3000-1600 BC Circular structure, large standing stones, aligned with rising sun at teh solstice Attlers and bones were sued to dig pits that hold the stones The Celts in Britain and their legacy 700-200 BC celts invade Britain Gaels or Goehls(Ireland and Scotland),Cymri(Wales) and Brythons(gave name to Brittany) Fierce fighters,superb horsemen.Most of them farmers, lived in thatched houses Good at art, craftmanship, used iron Divided into tribes, ruled by kings, only in face of danger would they choose a single leader Legacy- hill-forts, farms, churches, field system, woodland, pasture, weapons, iron objects, langugae, culture Caesar in Britain The great Roman Emperor Firts came 55 BC to gather information, celts ...
Võlaõigu se ü ld osa k od utöö 2011 sü giss emestril : lü h iu u rimu s: Teema: Principles of International Commercial Contracts (PICC) Koostanud: 1. Millist valdkonda käsitletav instrument reguleerib? Eraõiguse Ühtlustamise Rahvusvahelise Instituudi (UNIDROIT) poolt esmakordselt 1994 aastal välja antud Rahvusvaheliste kaubanduslepingute põhimõtted (PICC) reguleerib rahvusvahelisi kaubanduslepinguid ja lepinguõigust. V. Kõve kirjutab oma doktoritöös, et PICC reguleerib "oma preambula järgi üksnes rahvusvahelisi ärilepinguid (commercial contracts) Pooled võivad 1 PICC kohaldada oma suhetele kokkuleppel nn lex mercatoria põhimõttel". 2. Milline on instrumendi õiguslik olemus (nt konventsioon, mudelseadus, seadus)? Tegemist on seadusandjatele eeskujuks oleva mudelseadusega. "Tegemist on mudelseadustega, mida kasutatakse õiguse allikana (va...
Architecture Early Anglo-Saxon buildings in Britain were generally simple, constructed mainly using timber with thatch for roofing. The Anglo-Saxons built small towns near their centres of agriculture. In each town, a main hall was in the centre. The architectural character of Anglo- Saxon ecclesiastical buildings range from Coptic influenced architecture in the early period; basilica influenced Romanesque architecture; and in the later Anglo-Saxon period, an architecture characterised by pilaster-strips, blank arcading, baluster shafts and triangular headed openings. There are few remains of Anglo-Saxon architecture, with no secular work remaining above ground. All surviving churches, except one timber church, are built of stone or brick and in some cases show evidence of re-used Roman work. Art Anglo-Saxon art is mainly known today through illuminated manuscripts. Although they are the most well known to have survived. Perhaps the bes...
Anglo-norman period (1066-1300) The normans · The name derives from "the Northmen" · Descendants of the Vikings · Seized the north-western part of France · The area known as Normandy · Adopted French customs and Christianity · Norman-French (their version of French). 1066 · Edward the Confessor dies in January · Harold Godwinson crowned as king in Westminster Abbey on the same day · Another candidate for the throne William, Duke of Normandy · Gathered an army · Invasion delayed (bad weather) · Harald, king of Norway, invades England from the North · A battle at Stamford Bridge · Harald's army defeated, leaders killed · The end of the Viking Age · The Normans land in Britain (a few days after Stamford Bridge) · The Battle of Hastings · Harold defeated ...
descriptive law (kirjeldav õigus) - laws which simply describe how people or even natural phenomenas usually behave nation (riik) - country with its own goverment citizen (kodanik) - person native of a country; realationship between country and a person stranger (välismaalne) - person who is unfamiliar, from another country penalty (karistus) - punishment fixed by law, as for a crime or from any soical groups goverment (valitsus) - organization which controlls a stre or community System of Courts (kohtusüsteem) - organization applying law in the name of states to commit a crime (kuritegu läbi viima) - breaking a law, usually given out by the goverment fine (trahv) - certain sum of money person pays for breaking a law corruption (korruptsioon) - dishonest or unethincal conduct by a person entrusted with a position of authority suspension (kõrvaldamine) - form of punisment that people recieve for violating rules and regulations Civil Acti...
The United Kingdom The United Kingdom consists of England, Scotland, Wales and North Ireland and it is situated in the Atlantic Ocean near the mainland of Europe. The population of the UK is 58.6 million and area is 244,110 sq km. Britain has a temperate humid climate. Its characteristic features are mild winters, warm summer, no temperature extremes, abundant rain all year round and frequent changes of weather. The mild climate is partly due to the warm Gulf Stream and partly to the south westerly winds. Occasional winds from the east in winter may bring cold and dry weather. The distribution of rainfall is influenced by the Atlantic Stream. The mountainous areas of the north and west have more rain than the lowlands of the south and east. Wales is located on a peninsula in central-west Britain. The entire area of Wales is about 20,779 km². Wales borders by England to the e...
Chinese americans Chinese Americans (traditional Chinese or simplified Chinese) are Americans of Chinese descent. Chinese people came to the United States from Singapore, Vietnam, Malaysia, Indonesia, Burma, the Philippines, and Taiwan.[6] The first Chinese immigrants arrived in 1820 according to U.S. government records. 325 men are known to have arrived before the 1848California Gold Rush[7] which drew the first significant number of laborers from China who mined for gold and performed menial labor.[8] [9][10] There were 25,000 immigrants by 1852, and 105,465 by 1880, most of whom lived on the West Coast. They formed over a tenth of California's population. Nearly all the early immigrants were young males with low educational levels from six districts in the Guangdong province.[11] ...
*Estonians conquered by the crusaders 1208 *Reformation 16th century establishments of new school, Estonians first book appeared in 1525 *Tartu University 1632 founded by King Gustavus II Adolphus, classical university, member of the Coimbra group *Abolition of serfdom 1816 *Song festival 1869 in Tartu, an organiser was J.V.Jannsen, 822 singers, men only *Declaration of independence 24th February 1918 *War of independence 1918-1920 during the Russian Civil War, resulted in a victory for Estonia *Deportation 1949 *Estonia becomes independent 20th August 1991 *Joining EU 1st May 2004 Language: Estonian language, belongs to the Balti-Finnic group of the Finno-Ugric languages, closely realted to Finnish and rather remotely to Hungarian; Latin alphabet with 32 letters , 5 of which occur only in foreign words, the phenomes include 9 vowels and 18 consonants; words are borrowed from Latin, Greek, English etc.; sinc...
UNIT 1 Writing in the Business World Writing gives structure and form to our ideas. In the business world this is done for a purpose: to persuade, recommend, offer advice, give an order, etc. The business text must therefore be easily and quickly read and its message must be understood exactly as intended. If you learn to recognize and avoid the more common errors of information control, grammar and style, you will achieve this aim. You will write more confidently and more correctly if you check everything you write. Pay particular attention to the following: · Appropriate Subject Heading Take care to prepare your reader by introducing the subject appropriately in your subject heading. · Carefully Organized Information If a reader needs to be persuaded or convinced, your information will need careful planning and organizing. · Correct Grammar and Sp...
Praktiline töö Teaviku leidmine raamatukogude elektronkataloogidest, elektroonilistest, digitaal ja virtuaalraamatukogudest Leidke vastused järgmistele küsimustele. Kirjutage vastused töölehele. Kirjeldage otsingu läbiviimise käiku (kataloogi osa, otsingukategooria, otsisõna, piirangud). 1. Avage RR otsinguportaal. Leidke AÜ Kongressiraamatukogu (Library of Congress) ja Rootsi raamatukogude koondkataloogist LIBRIS teavikuid Fjodor Saljapinist. Kasutage erinevaid otsingu võimalusi (erinevad nimekujud, otsingukategooriad). Esitage otsingu tulemusena leitud kirjete arv. Kuidas otsingu läbi viite? Library of Congress: Esmalt otsisin lihtotsinguga Fjodor Saljapini järgi, aga vasteid ei tulnud. Seejärel proovisin ,,Shaljapin" ning endiselt ...
The Republic of Cameroon Cameroon · A unitary republic of central and western Africa · Bordered by Nigeria to the west; Chad to the northeast; the Central African Republic to the east; and Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, and the Republic of the Congo to the south. · Cameroon's coastline lies on the Bight of Bonny, part of the Gulf of Guinea and the Atlantic Ocean. · The country is called "Africa in miniature" for its geological and cultural diversity. History · The territory of present day Cameroon was first settled during the Neolithic · Portuguese sailors reached the coast in 1472 · The German Empire claimed the territory as the colony of Kamerun in 1884 and began a steady push inland. · An economic crisis took effect in the mid-1980s to late 1990s as a result of international economic conditions, drought, falling petroleum prices, and years of corruption, mismanagement, and ...
THE HISTORY OF JOURNALISM REPORT SUBMITTED TO: JELENA SCHMIDT SUBJECT: ENGLISH BY NIKITA GUSTSHIN TMHG 19.04.2012 "The History of Journalism" What is "Journalism"? Journalism is the investigation and reporting of events, issues and trends to a broad audience. Though there are many variations of journalism, the ideal is to inform the intended audience. Along with covering organizations and institutions such as government and business, journalism also covers cultural aspects of society such as arts and entertainment. The field includes editing, photojournalism, and documentary. His...
Society and culture of english-sspeaking countries Introduction 1. The countries of the world where the English language is spoken. 2. Approximate number of mother tongue speakers of English approximately 350-400 million native speakers. Which place does English occupy in the world by its number of speakers?After which language? English occupies second place by its number of speakers after Mandarin Chinese. 3. What is the difference between English as a Second Language, English as a Foreign Language and English for Specific Purposes? Give examples of situations where they are used. English as a Second Language (ESL or TESL) is a traditional term for the use or study of the English language by non-native speakers in an English-speaking environment. That environment may be a country in which English is the mother tongue (e.g., Australia, the U.S.) or one in which English has an established role (e.g., India, Nigeria) English as a...
Summary • Early history of translation studies – Cicero and St. Jerome (what did they do/how/why are they relevant to translation studies?) St. Jerome – Greek scholar, did some translation work. Lived during the 4th century. Jerome is best known as the translator of the Bible into Latin. A previous version (now called the Old Latin) existed, but Jerome's version far surpassed it in scholarship and in literary quality. Jerome was well versed in classical Latin (as well as Greek and Hebrew), but deliberately translated the Bible into the style of Latin that was actually spoken and written by the majority of persons in his own time. This kind of Latin is known as Vulgate Latin (meaning the Latin of the common people), and accordingly Jerome's translation is called the Vulgate. Cicero – Lived during the 1st century BC. Roman politician, philosopher & translator. Theory ‘‘word-for-word’’ & ‘‘sense-for-sen...
Canada. Canada is a very big country in the continent of North America. It is about 10 million square kilometres and that makes it the second largest country in the world after Russia. Quebec (the province) is six times as big as the UK. Canada borders the Atlantic Ocean, the Pacific Ocean, the Arctic Ocean and the USA. The capital of Canada is Ottawa and other main cities are Toronto, Montreal and Vancouver. It is a very developed country. Montreal is the largest city and it is called the Paris of North America because most of the people there speak French. The population of Canada is 28 million people. It is a very multicultural country. People from many different countries have come to live there. The natives are Eskimos and Indians. Eskimos have their own self-governing homeland called Nunavut. In Canada there are also 2 official languages English and French. One third of th...
Decriminalizing Cannabis in Estonia. Estonia is the leading country in Europe with the highest number of drug fatalities per capita, deaths by fentanyl are raising and current drug policy is not doing its job. According to the most recent data, Estonia's overdose mortality rate is seven times the average in the EU. This is a big concern for a country as little as Estonia, and also a reason why the decriminalizing cannabis topic has grown so popular lately. Cannabis, as a soft drug, is criminalized in Estonia and that fact leads people to go after stronger drugs because by the law they are on the same scale. The popularity of “China white” is growing in Estonia, as it is so easily accessible, but so does the mortality rate because it is very easy to overdose on fentanyl. Estonia should re- form its drug policy because stricter laws and punishments do not change society for the better and current drug polic...
Canada A Mari Usque Ad Mare Official language(s) English, French Inuktitut, Inuinnaqtun, Cree, Recognised regional languages Dëne Sliné, Gwich'in, Inuvialuktun, Slavey, Tlch Yatiì Languages in Canada North American country consisting of ten provinces and three territories located in the northern part of the continent, it extends from the Atlantic Ocean in the east to the Pacific Ocean in the west, and northward into the Arctic Ocean spanning over 9.9 million square kilometers, Canada is the world's second largest country by total area its common border with the United States is the longest land border in the world. Some facts The land that is now Canada was inhabited for millennia by various groups of Aboriginal peoples beginning in the late 15th century, British and French France ceded ...
1. Ancient Britain: the Celtic tribes. 2000 years ago there was an Iron Age Celtic culture throughout the Br Isles. It seems that the Celts, who had been arriving from Europe from the 8th cent BC onward, intermingled with the peoples who were already there. The Celts were extremely talented people, creative and artistic. More than 1 Celtic tribe invaded Br. The descendants of ancient Celts live in Wales, Scotland, Cornwall and Ireland. They lived in primitive society. Druids priests, more powerful than chiefs. Acted like prophets. 2. Stonehenge From prehistoric period. Was built on Salisbury plain between 2500 and 1500 bc. One of the most famous and mysterious archaeological sites in the world. One of the mysteries is how it was built at all with the technology of the time. Another is its purpose. It appears to function as a kind on astronomical clock and we know it was used by the Druids for ceremonies marking the passing ...
Years 1154-1485 Henry I was the first unquestioned ruler. One of the most important kings in the Middle Ages. He had lands in Britain & France. Then the government was the monarch, a person, not a place. He had more land than any pervious king. After his marriage to Eleanor of Aquitaine, he also ruled the lands south of Anjou. His empire stretched from the Scottish border to the Pyrenees. England provided most of its wealth, but the heart was Anjou. Henry II began to regain royal control. During the war some barons had become very powerful. He pulled down some of their castles. He tried to restore law & order. He wanted the same kind of justice to be used everywhere. He appointed his own judges to travel around the country. They dealt with crimes & disagreements over poverty. Serious offences were tried in the king's court. At first they had no special knowledge or training. They were trusted to use common se...
THE U.K Different Parts The United Kingdom is a short way of saying the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. The UK is the political name for those countries which share a parliament in London. All of them were at one time independent kingdoms with their own monarch. Now they are all part of the same kingdom and share the same monarch. The UK consists of Northern Ireland, Scotland, England and Wales. The peoples of these countries are British subjects; they hold British passports and therefore their nationality is British. The british Isles is the geographical name for all the islands off the west coast of Europe. These islands also include The Republic of Ireland, which is politically independent of the Britsh government. Many people refer to the inhabitants of the British isles as 'the English', but England is only one of the countries. The other countries are Scotla...
British Cuisine Some people criticize English food. They say it's unimaginable, boring, tasteless, it's chips with everything and totally overcooked vegetables. The basic ingredients, when fresh, are so full of flavour that British haven't had to invent sauces to disguise their natural taste. What can compare with fresh pees or new potatoes just boiled and served with butter? Why drown spring lamb in wine or cream and spices, when with just one or two herbs it is absolutely delicious? If you ask foreigners to name some typically English dishes, they will probably say "Fish and chips" then stop. It is disappointing, but true that, there is no tradition in England of eating in restaurants, because the food doesn't lend itself to such preparation. English cooking is found at home. So it is difficult to a good English restaurant with a reasonable prices. In most cities in Britain you'll find Indian, Chinese, French and Italian r...
The United States of America Geography The United States of America is situated in the central part of the North American continent. Its western coast is washed by the Pacific Ocean, and its eastern coast by the Atlantic Ocean and the Gulf of Mexico. It borders on Canada in the north and on Mexico in the South. The U.S.A. consists of 51 states and the District of Columbia. The state of Alaska is separated from the rest of the U.S.A. by Canada. Hawaii, which became the fiftieth state in 1959, is in the Pacific Ocean, halfway between the continents of America and Asia. The area of the United States of America is over nine million square kilometres. The continental part of the U.S.A. consists of two highland regions and two lowland regions. The highland regions are the Appalachian Mountains in the east and the Cordilleras in the west. The Appalachian Mountains run parallel to the Atlantic coast almost from the Gu...
English Literature ,Victoria Age 1) Overview of the Victorian age · Periodization During the reign of Queen Victoria (1837-1901) · Why is the Victorian Age compared to the Elizabethan Age? Both are associated with the reign of a very popular queen; Victorian age idealised the Elizabethan Age; many changes in different fields- economy, religion etc.; focusing more on people's attitudes, political developments etc; Victorian age was inspired by Elizabethan era; Britain became an empire · What were the most important changes in politics, religion and social life that occurred during the Victorian age? Politics: 1848 Chartist movement (voting right for the working class); women's suffrage movements; feminist outburst (wanted to have business openly; own property, voting etc.); world dominion (British empire); Economy: Industrialization; urbanization (people moved to towns no agriculture & food); laissez- faire eco...
LEXICOLOGY 1. Size of English vocabulary 1) Old English – 50,000 to 60,000 words Vocabulary of Shakespeare OE – homogeneous; 1/3 of the vocabulary has survived • 884,647 words of running text About 450 Latin loans (Amosova) • 29,000 different words (incl. work, working, Viking invasions added 2,000 worked, which are counted here as separate 2) Middle English – 100,000 – 125,000 words) English becomes heterogeneous (Norman French, • 21,000 words English, Latin), hybrid of Germanic and Romance languages Norman French influence – about 10,000 words, 75 % are still in use (Baugh) Latin influence continues 3) Early Modern English – 200,000 – 250,000 English becomes a polycentric language; polyglot, cosmopolitan lang...
TRADERUN MOODUL TRADERUN MODULE BUSINESS PECULIARITIES IN THE EU, RUSSIA AND EASTERN PARTNERSHIP COUNTRIES ÄRI ERIPÄRAD EUROOPA LIIDUS, VENEMAAL JA IDAPARTNERLUSRIIKIDES Lecturers: Ryhor Nizhnikau (responsible) Giorgi Gaganidze, Sergei Proskura, Andres Assor P2EC.00.202 (UT code), RIE 7044 (TLU code) Reading materials: Business peculiarities in Russia Lugemismatejal: Äri eripärad Venemaal Created by Sergei Proskura Tartu 2013 TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................................................................... 3 1. LEGALIZATION OF A COMPANY WITH A FOREIGN OWNER IN RUSSIA ....................................... 4 1.1. Laws ....
Investor's Handbook A Legal Guide to Business in Georgia · Start Up · Privatization · Labor Legislation February 2011 1st Edition 1 CYAN MAGENTA YELLOW BLACK 1 This brochure is a publication by the Georgian National Investment Agency (GNIA) and was prepared by Georgian law firm Mgaloblishvili, Kipiani, Dzidziguri (MKD). The Brochure is intended to be a general guidance on start up, privatization and labor relations. It is thus not expected to be a substitute for detailed research or exercise of professional judgment on above mentioned topics. Companies and individuals operating in Georgia or planning to operate, are strongly advised to obtain current and detailed information from experienced professionals. None of the organizations mentioned above, nor their members, employees o...
CANADA REVISION QUESTIONS 2010 1. The main physiographic regions of Canada. Canada may be divided into seven physiographic regions: Arctic Lowlands, Cordilleran Region, Interior Plains, Hudson Bay Lowlands, Canadian Shield (Forest Lands), St Lawrence Lowlands and Appalachian Region. Divisions are based on each area's relatively similar physical geography and landforms. Physiographic regionalization is defined here as the process by which regions with relatively homogeneous physical geography are determined 2. Who are the native people of Canada? Into which three groups can they be divided? Canada's constitution specifies three categories of aboriginal peoples: Indian (First Nations), Métis, Inuit. According to Canadian census 2011, 1.4 mln people of Aboriginal origin (4.3%): 852,000 First Nation...
History exam *Stonehenge - is a monument located in England. It is one of the most famous prehistoric sites in the world and is composed of earthworks surrounding a circular setting of large standing stones. The surrounding circular, earth bank and ditch, have been dated to about 3100 BC. Stonehenge was produced by a culture with no written language. Many aspects of Stonehenge remain subject to debate. There is little or no direct evidence for the construction techniques used by the Stonehenge builders. *The Celts in Britain and their legacy The Cets lived in Britain in The Iron Age. They were warring tribes who were battleful amongst themselves as well as inter-tribal war. They were not centrally governed. The Celts brought iron working, iron ploughs and metal swords, horses, wheels and chariots - all these things gave them an instant superiority over the native tribes. The Celts built a number ...
History of Great Britain Prehistory (55BC) no written records 6th 3rd c. BC the Celts came to British isles hill figures, hill forts, stone circles ( Stonehenge ) RomanBritain (55BC 400AD) Julius Caesar, named the country Albion Hadrian's Wall, villas, roads, the town of Bath The AngloSaxon, Danish and Norman invasions Germanic tribes settled and stayed Anglia Christianity was brought, religion became important, churches were built 8th century = raids by the Vikings and the Danes 1016 1042 : Under Danish rule ( York was the capital ) 1042 : local AngloSaxons regain their rule 1066 : Normans arrive ( the Norman conquest ) Medieval Britain (106615th c.) the Battle of Hastings William the Conqueror a new AngloNorman state the feudal system introduced the rule of the king and church strengthened centralised country, military rule Scotland, Wales and Ire...
BUSINESS PLAN MP CANNED FOOD LIMITED 2018 Business and owner details Business name MP CANNED FOOD LIMITED Owner(s) name MARTIN PÕLD Business address and postcode 12 CARLISLE STREET LEICESTER LE3 6AF Business telephone number +447726779223 Business email address [email protected] Home address and postcode (if different from the above) Executive summary 1.1 Business summary: My business idea is simple: MP CANNED FOOD LIMITED is importing canned food (meat products and ready meals) from Estonia to the United Kingdom. Unique products like "Wild Boar In Its Own Juice", "Elk In Its Own Juice" and "Venison In Its Own Juice" are hard to find in the United Kingdom. We are selling Rannarootsi and Frank Pott brands and sell them online, http://www.mpwildgame.co.uk Future plans are to start trading also in Leicester Market in November/December as a Market Stall, supplying deli shops (including North European and Internation...
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