õpimapp (1)

Passive voice
Umbisikuline tegumood
Kui tegija pole oluline või pole teada.

• The Present Simple Passive
  

am
is + III pv
are
Examples : I am watched .
A book is read.
Marks are given .

• The Past Simple Passive
  

was
were + III pv
Examples: I was watched.
A book was read.
Marks were given .

• The Future Simple Passive
  

will be + III pv
Examples: I will be watched.
A book will be read.
Marks will be given.

• The Future Simple Passive in the Past
  

would be + III pv
Examples: I would be watched.
A book would be read.
Marks would be given.

• The Present Progressive Passive
  

am
is + being + III pv
are
Examples: I am being watched.
A book is being read.
Marks are being given.

• The Past Progressive Passive
  

was
were + being + III pv
Examples: I was being watched.
A book was being read.
Marks were being given.

• The Present Perfect Passive
  

have
has been + III pv
Examples: I have been watched.
A book has been read.
Marks have been given.

• The Past Perfect Passive
  

had been + III pv
Examples: I had been watched.
A book had been read.
Marks had been given.

• The Future Perfect Passive
  

will have been + III pv
Examples: I will have been watched.
A book will have been read.
Marks will have been given

• The Future Perfect Passive in the Past
  

would have been + III pv
Examples: I would have been watched.
A book would have been read.
Marks would have been given.
Isikulise tegumoe umbisikuliseks muutmine
Subject Object
John love Mary
Mary is loved by John
Lause muutmine
John gives flowers to Mary.
Mary is given flowers by John.
Flowers are given to Mary by John.
Prepositons of place
Kohamäärsõnad

• In – sees
  
• On – peal
  
• Under – all
  
• Behind – taga
  
• In front of – millegi ees
  
• Between – vahel
  
• Above – kohal
  
• Up – üles
  
• Down – alla
  
• Into – sees
  
• Out of – väljas
  
• Towards – suunas
  
• From –
  
• By – juures
  
• Near – lähedal
  
• Across – risti
  
• Over – üle
  
• In the middle of – millegi keskel
  
• Opposite – vastas
  
• Around – ümber
  
• Along – piki, mööda
  
• On to -
  
• On the top of – millegi tipus olema
  
• Off – maha , ära
  
• Up to – millegini
  
• Next to – kõrval
  
• Beside – kõrval
  
• In the corner of – (toa) nurgas
  
• On the corner of – (tänava) nurgal
  
• On the right/left – paremal/vasakul
  
• To the right/left – paremale/vasakule
  
• Below – allpool
  
• Past – mööda
  
• Against – vastu
  
• Among – hulgas
  
• At – kusagile
  
• To – kuskil
  

Erandid !

• In the picture / photo
  
• In the sky
  
• On the beach / coast
  
• On chair
  
• In the armchair
  
• On a map
  
• At school/ work /home/sea/ station / airport /port jne.
  
• I live in Kase street
  
• I live at 10 Kase street
  
• I´m on holiday
  
• On the ground floor
  
• I live in the country
  
• In the field
  
• On a farm
  
• On a menu
  
• At the door
  
• On foot
  
• By bus
  
• At the bottom of page
  
• On an island
  
• I sleep in bed
  
• On the wall
  
• At contsert
  

Prepositions of time
Ajamäärused
In – sajandil – in the 2nd century

• aastaajad – in summer
  
• aastad – in 1975
  
• päevaajad – in the morning , in midday
  
• in a minute – hetkepärast
  
• in an hour - tunni pärast
  
• ajaperioodid – in the middle ages
  

On – nädalapäevad – on Friday

• järgarvud ajamäärustes – on 1. June
  
• omadus + päev – on a cold day
  
• kindlal päevaajal - on Friday morning
  
• puhkus – on vacation
  

At – kellaajad – at 6 o´ clock

• öösel – at night
  
• At noon
  
• At weekend
  
• At midnight
  
• Pühad – at Christmas
  
• At the moment
  
• At present
  
• At lunch time
  

At last / least
Lõpuks / vähemalt
From ...to / From ... till
Kuskilt
For – kui kauaks ( We went for holidays ten days )
By – mitte hiljem kui
P.S. Ajamäärsõnu ei kasutata selliste sõnadega nagu : today , tomorrow , tonight, yesterday , this...(day) , last..., next..., every..., all..., some ..., each..., one ..., any...!
Tegusõna BE

Tegusõnal BE on olevikus kolm vormi:

I am
He, she, it is
We, you, they are
Ainsus
1. isik I am young
2. isik You are strong
3. isik He is cleaver
She is pretty
It is cheap
Mitmus
1. isik We are happy
2. isik You are kind
3. isik They are rich
Küsiv vorm (mida eesti keelde tõlgitakse kas-küsimuse abil) moodustatakse sõnade järjekorra muutmise teel:
He is lazy . – Is he lazy?
She is pretty. – Is she pretty?
Lihtminevikus kasutatakse ainsuses vormis was, mitmuses aga vormi were.
I, he, she, it was
We, you, they were
Must , mustn´t , have to , don´t have to .
Modaalverb must väljendab käsku või kohustust . Endast rääkides väljendab must rääkija sisemist veendumust .
You must learn this poem by heart . I must go now , it´s late .
(Antakse käsk) (Sisemine veendumus )
Kui räägitakse kellegi teise poolt antud käsust , reeglitest , olukorrast tingitud asjaoludest siis kasutatakse have to.
We have to learn this poem by heart. (Õpetaja poolt antud käsk )
You have to pay to park here . (Reeglid , eeskirjad )
She has to wear glasses. (Olukorrast tingitudasjaolu)
Must saab kasutada ainult oleviku ja tuleviku kohta . Teiste ajavormide puhul kasutatakse have to .
We had to learn two poems by heart last week .
Mustn´t väljendab keeldu .
You mustn´t tell anyone about it . It´sa secret .
Don´t have to väljendab kohustuse puudumist ( ei pea , pole vaja )
You don´t have to tell them . They know about it allready .