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Passive voice Umbisikuline tegumood Kui tegija pole oluline või pole teada. · The Present Simple Passive am is + III pv are Examples: I am watched. A book is read. Marks are given. · The Past Simple Passive was were + III pv Examples: I was watched. A book was read. Marks were given. · The Future Simple Passive will be + III pv Examples: I will be watched. A book will be read. Marks will be given. · The Future Simple Passive in the Past would be + III pv Examples: I would be watched. A book would be read. Marks would be given. · The Present Progressive Passive am is + being + III pv are Examples: I am being watched. A book is being read. Marks are being given. · The Past Progressive Passive was were + being + III pv Examples: I was being watched. A book was being read. Marks were being given. · The Present Perfect Passive have has been + III pv
Passiv: A letter has been written by Rita Future 1 Active: Rita will write a letter Passiv: A letter will be written by Rita Past Perfect Active: Rita had written a letter Passiv: A letter had been written by Rita TENCE FORM ACTIVE VOICE PASSIVE VOICE Present Simple/Indefinite I pv (he, she, it I pv + -s) am/is/are + III pv Past Simple/indefinite II pv. or -ed was, were + III pv Future Simple/Indefinite will+I pv will be + III pv Present am/is/are + -ing am/ is/are being + -ing Progressive/continuous
garden. Kui me tahame teada, kes või mis oli tegija, saame moodustada passiivi küsimuse Who/ What ... by?: Who was the book written by? Passiivi moodustatakse be (is/ was jne) + mineviku kesksõna (past participle) ehk III põhivorm (done/ cleaned/ seen jne). Aktiivilause sihitisest saab passiivilause alus. Aktiivilause tegusõna jääb samasse ajavormi, kuid muutub passiivseks. Aktiivilause alus ehk tegija jäetakse ära või pannakse lause lõppu prepositsiooni by järele: Present simple passive am/ is/ are + III pv (cleaned/ seen jne) Many accidents are caused by careless driving. Present simple active: Somebody cleans this room every day. passive: This room is cleaned every day. Past simple passive was/ were + III pv (cleaned/ seen jne) We were woken up by a loud noise during the night. Past simple active: Somebody cleaned this room yesterday. passive: This room was cleaned yesterday. These rooms were cleaned yesterday.
PASSIVE SENTENCES Active (subject+verb) Passive (object+verb) Present Simple Passive am/is/are + III PV She writes books. The books are written _________ Present Continuous Passive am/is/are + being + III PV She is writing a book. The book is being written.______ Present Perfect Passive Have/has + been + III PV She has written a book. The book has been written._____ Past Simple Passive was/were + III PV She wrote a book. The book was written._________ Past Continuous Passive was/were + being + III PV She was writing a book. The book was being written.____ Past Perfect Passive had + been + III PV She had written a book. The book had been written._____ Future Simple Passive will + be + III PV She will write a book. The book will be written.______ Future Perfect Passive
He would go to Tallinn tomorrow if he had time. German: the subjunctive Wenn du Zucker hättest, könnten wir jetzt Tee trinken. `If you had sugar, we could drink tea now.' English: They demanded that he leave the room. If I were you, I wouldn't buy this car. - transitivity: sleep, kiss Manam (a Kairiru-Manam language; Malalyo-Polynesian) dang i- aka- gita i water be hot `he heated the water' II. Relational categories for verbs: voice The workers painted the house. The house was painted by the workers. Das Buch wird von zwei Autoren geschrieben. `The book is being written by two authors.' Heute Abend wird viel getanzt. `There will be a lot of dancing tonight.' III. Agreement categories for verbs: I am/he is/they are sleeping he sleeps Grammatical categories for adjectives I
PASSIVE VOICE Active: S + V + O Passive: S + Be + PP(V3ed) + by + O (tense) EX: My father planted this tree last year. This tree was planted by my father last year. TABLE OF ENGLISH TENSES IN PASSIVE VOICE The Simple Present Tense Active: S + V(s/es) + O Passive: S + am/is/are + PP + by + O EX: He reads books every day. Books are read (by him) every day. TABLE OF ENGLISH TENSES IN PASSIVE VOICE The Present Continuous Tense Active: S + am/is/are + Ving + O Passive: S + am/is/are + being +PP + by + O EX: He is writing a novel at the moment. A novel is being written (by him) at the moment. TABLE OF ENGLISH TENSES IN PASSIVE VOICE The Present Perfect Tense Active: S + Has/Have + V3ed + O Passive: S + has/have + been +PP + by + O EX: He has just finished a novel. A novel has just been finished (by him). TABLE OF ENGLISH TENSES IN PASSIVE VOICE
ought to shall shan't should will won't would wouldn't Can and be able to: · Can you play the piano? · I'm not able to come to the game on Friday. Must and have to: · The tennis match must be over by now. (I'm sure it is). · I have to get up early tomorrow to catch the train to the office. 9. The passive voice: The Passive uses the SUBJECT + TO BE + PAST PARTICIPLE Subject verb `to be' past participle Simple present: The house is cleaned every day. Present continuous: The house is being cleaned at the moment. Simple past:
The Passive Voice Table of Contents The Passive Voice................................................................................. 2 Tenses in the Passive Voice ................................................................ 2 Modal Verbs and Future in the Passive Voice ................................. 3 The Passive with ’get/have’ ................................................................ 4 When to use the Passive ..................................................................... 5 Verbs with two objects ........................................................................ 5 The Passive with ’by/with’ .................................................................. 6 Talking about what other people say ................................................ 6 The Passive Voice The subject is the starting point of the sentence, the thing we are talking about
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