Turismiettevõtte personalitöö Seminari tööleht 2 Kasutatav kirjandus: Effects of staff bonus systems on safety behaviors. 1. Mõningate uurimuste tulemuste põhjal (nt Cooper, 2001) võib väita, et töötajate premeerimisel vigastusteta töötamise eest võivad olla negatiivsed tagajärjed? Millised? Töötajate premeerimisel vigastusteta töötamise eest võivad olla negatiivsed tagajärjed, sest töötajad hakkavad tehtud vigu/õnnetus/haigusi varjama ning ei teata nendest. Seeläbi muutuvad probleemid „nähtamatuks“ ning neid ei parandata. Pigem peaks
käitumise baasil loogikasüsteemi. Mis on HTML5 ja ’’drag-and-drop’’? HTML5 on markeerimiskeel, mille eesmärgiks on luua korralik veebileht brauserist ja platvormist sõltumata. Drag-and-drop on hiireliigutus millega kasutaja valib visuaalse objekti seda haarates ehk siis hoides paremat hiireklõpsu all ja lohistades seda teisele virtuaalsele objektile või siis teise virtuaalsesse objekti. Funktsioonid Sündmuste süsteem ja käitumised (Event system and behaviors) Põhiline meetod kuidas programmeerida mänge ja rakendusi Construct 2-es on läbi ’event sheets’ ehk sündmuste lehtede kaudu. Igal sündmuse lehel on nimekiri sündmustest, mis koosnevad olukorra seisundist või mingisuguse asja valla pääsemisest. Kui need tingimused on täidetud saab läbi viia tegevusi ja ülesaindeid. Sündmuse loogika nagu OR ja AND ning ka alam-sündmused lasevad raskemaid süsteeme programmeerida ilma, et peaks õppima rasket programmeerimiskeelt.
· Children living in a large high-rise, high-density planned neighborhood of 5277 families reveal that children find most of their psychologically valued settings within the neighborhood outdoor spaces such as designated play areas and developed parks. · They are aware of differences in experience between such valued `places' and other `spaces'. They choose the places because these places offer some key environmental attributes--spatial, physical, and social--that support behaviors that children want to engage in. · Due to these attributes, behaviors in places are different from behaviors in other spaces, with the former being more purposive, social, creative, and dependent on particular affordances of the setting. · This observational analysis showed that settings children mention to be important to them are utilized more often (about twice as much) than their counterparts, showing a variety of behaviors, incorporating more intentional activities (as
Programming techniques may include features such as information hiding, data abstraction, encapsulation, modularity, polymorphism, and inheritance. It was not commonly used in mainstream software application development until the early 1990s. Many modern programming languages now support OOP. Class Defines the abstract characteristics of a thing (object), including the thing's characteristics (its attributes, fields or properties) and the thing's behaviors (the things it can do, or methods, operations or features). One might say that a class is a blueprint or factory that describes the nature of something. For example, the class Dog would consist of traits shared by all dogs, such as breed and fur color (characteristics), and the ability to bark and sit (behaviors). Classes provide modularity and structure in an object-oriented computer program. A class should typically be recognizable to a non-
– Helping customers in manner that ― Poor attention to detail exceeds their expectaition ― Poor knowledge of product,what you – Fast and convenient support are selling/presenting – Your interest in customers problem Important Things in Customer Service – Create a great first impression – Listen to customers carefully – Make the customers feel special Customer Service Skills and Key Behaviors – SKILLS : Key behaviors: – Clear communication1.Welcome customers to the store with a warm, friendly and genuine – Empathy greeting – patience 2. Use the customer’s name whenever possible 3. Give customers your undivided attention 4. Maintain a positive attitude with every customer How to improve skills?
Sotsiaalpsühholoogia 1. SP kui teadus SP osa psühholoogiateadusest. SP maastik: eneseteadvus ja identiteet, sotsiaalne taju ja hoiakud, inimestevahelised suhted ja sotsiaalne mõju, suhtlemine, grupid ja grupiprotsessid ... Gordon Allport (1954): "Social psychology is an attempt to understand and explain how the thoughts, feelings, and behaviors of individuals are influenced by the actual, imagined or implied presence of other human beings". Tänapäeval: "SP is the study of the causes and concequences of interpersonal behaviour" (Schachter, Gilbert, Wegner, 2012) SR = inimestevaheliste suhete ruum - seaduspärasused, seletused, mõõtmine, sekkumine ... Populaarne SP: sõprade leidmine ja suhete hoidmine, mõjutamine, juhtimine ja eestvedamine, suhtlemisõpetused, üksindus ja üksildus ...
Eating disorders According to the medical dictionary, eating disorders are a group of behaviors often fueled by unresolved emotional conflicts symptomized by altered food consumption. The most common types of eating disorders are anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa. Why do some people start with such harmful nutritional habits? Firstly, one reason for this could be media. Advertisers heavily market weight-reduction programs and present anorexic young models as the paradigm of sexual desirability. Also, clothes are designed and
When you execute a person, what is the difference between you and the criminal who has committed the crime of killing another individual. Furthermore, capital punishment can be inappropriate and unjust. It's not necessary.There is always a solution to the problem, instead of putting people to death sentence we could simply put them behind bars as he or she may improve himself. For instance, persons who have served life sentences have most of the time change their attitudes and their behaviors and have also made worthwhile contribution to the society.
Human interaction plays a vital role in our existence. It isn't abnormal for people to learn from each other or act according to the social norm set by others. In their teens, people begin to form strong connections with other individuals their own age this may inherently play a role in how we act. The connection made between friends is usually much stronger than between family members. With teens, there is always a `rebellious' factor in play, which may make them adapt certain behaviors or ideas from our friends, in order to appease the inner rebel inside of us. Teenagers act according to the norm that is prominent in the group they are apart of. For example, the punk movement will possibly penetrate different groups and to feel apart of the group, teens will also dress accordingly. On the other hand, our parents behavior will have an influence on us, especially in our younger years. The way we are brought up and how our parents communicate with us is directly correlated to
features that we- other mammals have. Such as four-chambered heart,hair, they are warm- blooded. They are the only mammals, other than seacows , that live their entire life in the water, and the only mammals that have adapted to life in the open oceans. Whales are not fish, because they have lungs and they breath air with them.What is special about the whales is their size. They are enormous. Whales are about 29 m long, height is the 9 sotry building. Many whales exhibit behaviors such as breaching and tail slapping that expose large parts of their bodies to the air. These mammals communicate with one another using whale songs, which often sound very high-pitched to the human ear. These songs are unique and fascinating even may be scary. Whales are moving in pods.The bond between mother and calf is the strongest. Members of a pod may protect one another. The toothed whales travel in large, sometimes stable pods,they frequently hunt their prey in groups,
to be overweight. They usually tend to grab a snack while watching TV or even eat their supper or afternoon snack in front of a TV. Of course, television can be educational and teach children something, such as self- defense whilst also teaching them fighting. Nevertheless, kids who view violent acts are more likely to show aggressive behavior but also fear that the world is scary and that something bad will happen to them. TV characters often depict risky behaviors, such as smoking and drinking, and also reinforce gender-role and racial stereotypes. Anyways TV is pointless thing and I don`t suggest it because it ruins our life and makes us FAT!
vaid ühe või kahe iseloomuomaduse uurimist. 2. nišši loomine: Despite the abundance of evidence that alcohol affects many aspects of a drinker’s mood, affect, and behavior, researchers (Winograd et al., 2012) have only recently begun to describe these effects within a single organizational framework, specifically, the five-factor model of personality. Indeed, this comprehensive approach is well-suited for capturing the wide range of effects experienced and behaviors exhibited by drinkers under the influence of alcohol, often referred to as “drunken comportment” (MacAndrew & Edgerton, 1969). This conceptualization of intoxication 3. Nišši hõlmamine: rakendades viie faktori meetodit Sissejuhatus: Üldine väide: üldistus või definitsioon. Või põhilised ideed, oluline teave. Definitsioon: määratakse klass, tuuakse eristatavad kriteeriumid, mis objekti teiste sama klassi objektidest eristab. Nt defineerides "koer": imetaja, kes haugub.
lives from a place of authenticity and worthiness? How do we cultivate the courage, compassion, and connection that we need to embrace our imperfections and to recognize that we are enough— that we are worthy of love, belonging, and joy? This book is full of powerful topics such as self-compassion, acceptance, and gratitude. As a researcher, she observed human behavior so she can identify and name the subtle connections, relationships, and patterns that help us make meaning of our thoughts, behaviors, and feelings. In the process of collecting thousands of stories from diverse men and women who lived all over the country—ranging in age from eighteen to eighty-seven— She saw new patterns that she wanted to know more about. Yes, we all struggle with shame and the fear of not being enough. And, yes, many of us are afraid to let our true selves be seen and known. But in this huge mound of data there
Contemporary views Sand's reputation came into question when she began sporting men's clothing in public. In addition to being comfortable, Sand's male dress enabled her to circulate more freely in Paris than most of her female contemporaries could. It gave her increased access to venues (meeting places) from which women were often barred -- even women of her social standing. Also scandalous was Sand's smoking tobacco in public. These and other behaviors were exceptional for a woman of the early and mid-19th century, when social codes were of the utmost importance. As a consequence of many untraditional aspects of her lifestyle, Sand was obliged (kohustatud) to relinquish (loovutama) some of the privileges appertaining (juurde kuuludes) to a baroness. Poet Charles Baudelaire was a contemporary critic of George Sand: "She is stupid, heavy and garrulous (lobisev). Her ideas on morals have the same depth of judgment and delicacy of
Identify who in your life is body-positive – or even body-neutral. Think of people who celebrate their body for what it can do, and people who refuse to comment on others’ physical appearances. Spending time with these people can be especially helpful while you are struggling with your own internalized body-shaming, and help you view yourself – and others – more positively. Confront those who perpetuate body-shaming. Once you’ve become more aware of your own body-shaming behaviors, you may notice how often your friends, family or co-workers do it. Talk to them. Discuss why it bothers you and help them see how it may also be hurtful to them. Find something (or things!) you LIKE about your body. We spend so much time witnessing advertisements about how to make our eyelashes millimeters longer and how to get whiter teeth that it’d be nice to counter some of that by celebrating what we do have. Maybe, despite your body image struggles, you love a new hairstyle
Psychological Bulletin Copyright 2006 by the American Psychological Association 2006, Vol. 132, No. 5, 667691 · Robert I. Berkowitz; Thomas A. Wadden; Andrew M. Tershakovec; et al. Behavior Therapy and Sibutramine for the Treatment of Adolescent Obesity: A Randomized Controlled Trial. JAMA. 2003;289(14):1805-1812 (doi:10.1001/jama.289.14.1805) · Kayla de la Hayea, Garry Robins, Philip Mohr, Carlene Wilson. Obesity-related behaviors in adolescent friendship networks. Social Networks 32 (2010) 161167 · Jerlym S. Porter, Melanie K. Bean, Clarice K. Gerke, Marilyn Stern. Psychosocial Factors and Perspectives on Weight Gain and Barriers to Weight Loss Among Adolescents Enrolled in Obesity Treatment. J Clin Psychol Med Settings (2010) 17:98102 7
organisastioonis. Kasutatud allikad Abugre, J. (2011). APPRAISING THE IMPACT OF ORGANIZATIONAL COMMUNICATION ON WORKER SATISFACTION IN ORGANIZATIONAL WORKPLACE. Problems Of Management In The 21St Century, 17-15. Keyton, J., Caputo, J. M., Ford, E. A., Fu, R., Leibowitz, S. A., Liu, T., Polasik, S. S., Ghosh, P., Wu, C. (2013). INVESTIGATING VERBAL WORKPLACE COMMUNICATION BEHAVIORS. Journal of Business Communication 50(2), 152 - 169. Kumar, B. P., Giri, V. N. (2009). EXAMINING THE RELATIONSHIP OF ORGANIZATIONAL COMMUNICATION AND JOB SATISFACTION IN INDIAN ORGANIZATIONS. Journal of Creative Communications, 4, 3, 177-184.
Family values are good or bad, which depends on parents, because they teach how to behave outside the home. Material values are things that allow us to survive, these are the basic needs, like food, clothes and protection from the environment. Spiritual values are the importance we give to non-material aspects in our lives. These are the parts of our needs and makes ust o feel fulfilled. They add meaning and foundation to our life, as do religious beliefs. Moral values are the behaviors we give to the society. Anna-Maria Many people can not buy expensive things, that does not mean, that they does not have valuable things. They value things, what they have, like home, family, friends etc. They can not miss those expensive things, because they never had these things. I think people with less things and more friends and family love, are happier, because they have the time to spend
Sotsiaalpsühholoogia 1. Sissejuhatus SP kui teadus, SP kujunemislugu M.Heidmets, 2013 kevadsemester Sotsiaalpsühholoogia · SP osa psühholoogiateadusest. SP maastik: eneseteadvus ja identiteet, sotsiaalne taju ja hoiakud, inimestevahelised suhted ja sotsiaalne mõju, suhtlemine, grupid ja grupiprotsessid ... · Gordon Allport (1954): "Social psychology is an attempt to understand and explain how the thoughts, feelings, and behaviors of individuals are influenced by the actual, imagined or implied presence of other human beings". · Tänapäeval: "SP is the study of the causes and concequences of interpersonal behaviour" (Schachter, Gilbert, Wegner, 2012) · SR = inimestevaheliste suhete ruum - seaduspärasused, seletused, mõõtmine, sekkumine ... Sotsiaalpsühholoogia · Populaarne SP: sõprade leidmine ja suhete hoidmine, mõjutamine, juhtimine ja eestvedamine, suhtlemisõpetused, üksindus ja
105 Burka, J. B., & Yuen, L. M. (2008). Procrastination: Why you do it, what to do about it 106now. Boston: DaCapo Press. 107 Chu, A. H., & Choi, J. N. (2005). Rethinking procrastination: Positive effects of "active" 108procrastination behavior on attitudes and performance. The Journal of socialpsychology, 109143( 3), 245-264. 110 Ferrari, J. R. (1994). Dysfunctional procrastination and its relationship with self-esteem, 111interpersonal dependency, and self-defeating behaviors. Personality and Individual 112Differences, 17(5), 673-679. 113 Beswick, G., Rothblum, E. D., & Mann, L. (1988). Psychological antecedents of student 114procrastination. Australian psychologist, 23(2), 207-217. 115 Joonas, P. (2014). Prokrastineeriv käitumine ja eelistused sekkumisprogrammi osas. 116Publitseerimata bakalaureusetöö. Tartu Ülikool. 117 Knaus, W. J. (2002). The procrastination workbook: Your personalized program for
quality, emotion and speaking style, as well as prosodic features such as rhythm, intonation and stress. 1 Likewise, written texts have nonverbal elements such as handwriting style, spatial arrangement of words, or the use of emoticons. Kinesics is the study of body movements, facial expressions, and gestures, as well as dress. Kinesic behaviors include mutual gaze, smiling, facial warmth or pleasantness, childlike behaviors, direct body orientation, and the like. Oculesics The study of the role of eyes in nonverbal communication is sometimes referred to as "oculesics". Eye contact can indicate interest, attention, and involvement. Gaze is comprised of the actions of looking while talking, looking while listening, amount of gaze, and frequency of glances, patterns of fixation, pupil dilation, and blink rate.
vajadustest Longenecker, Dwyer, Stansfield väljakutsed organisatsioonidele · elance.com · Workforce of One · liidrite kasvatamine · andmeanalüüsi tagamine · glassdoor.com · holistiline lähenemine top 5 drivers of sustainable engagement (Towers Watson Global Workforce Study, 2012) Priority areas of focus Behaviors and actions that matter to employees Leadership · Is effective at growing the business · Shows sincere interest in employees' well being · Behaves consistently with the organization's core values · Earns employees' trust and confidence Stress, blance and · Manageable stress levels at work workload · A healthy balance between work and life
change. Change will never come about if the unit of change on which one focuses is the individual rather than on the institution as an organization. What is being sought is not a mere cosmetic change but a change of basic orientation. Stephen Covey brings this out in a clear manner in The 7 Habits of Highly Effective People, when he states: If we want to make relatively minor changes in our lives [and institutions], we can focus on our attitudes and behaviors [our prejudices and discriminations]. But if we want to make significant, quantum change, we need to work on our basic paradigms. To try to change our attitudes and behaviors does very little good in the long run if we fail to examine the basic paradigms from which these attitudes and behaviors flow (p. 31). This is not possible without a complete change of orientation. Human service organizations like
compulsive gambling or shopping, are sometimes called net compulsions. Others, such as reading or playing computer games, are troubling only to the extent that these activities interfere with normal life. Supporters of disorder classification often divide IAD into subtypes by activity, such as excessive, overwhelming, or inappropriate pornography use, gaming, online social networking, blogging, email, or Internet shopping. Opponents note that compulsive behaviors may not themselves be addictive. Cutting Self-harm (SH) or deliberate self-harm (DSH) includes self-injury (SI) and self-poisoning and is defined as the intentional, direct injuring of body tissue most often done without suicidal intentions. These terms are used in the more recent literature in an attempt to reach a more neutral terminology. 4. Interesting facts · One in ten people who drink become alcoholics. It may only take using a drug like
Toitumise ja töömälu vahelised seosed Üha enam tõuseb meedias teemana üles tervislik toitumine ja räägitakse palju sellest, mida ja kui palju peaks sööma. See võib inimestes suurendada soovi ja samas ka survet tarbida just tervlislikku toitu. Siiski on liigsöömine ja ülekaalulisus arenenud maades suur probleem. Mind on pannud mõtlema just olukorrad, kus inimesed üritavad pidada dieeti või luua endale uusi toitumisharjumusi, kuid mingil põhjusel see ei õnnestu. Miks on see nii? Põhjuseid on kindlasti palju, aga loengu teemadest lähtuvalt otsustasin ma uurida töömälu ja toitumise vahelisi seoseid, kuna töömälu ülesandeks on ebasoovitavate ihade ja kiusatuste allasurumine. Bryani ja Tiggermani (2001) uurimusest selgus, et ülekaalulistele naistele ettekirjutatud dieet ei mõjutanud kognitiivset sooritust (sealhulgas töömälu). Dieedil olemine suurendas kontrollitunnet enda kaalu ja söömiskäitumise üle. Samas mõju...
PSYCHOLOGY PART 1: CORE Biological level of analysis Outline principles that define the biological level of analysis. 1) Behavior can be innate, because it is genetically based. Evolution may play a key role in behavior. 2) Animals may be studied as a means of understanding human behavior. 3) There are biological correlates of behavior. Cognitions, emotions and behaviors are products of the anatomy and physiology of our nervous and endocrine system. Explain how principles of the biological level of analysis may be demonstrated in research. 1) Correlational studies: Study by Buss, who hypothesized that across cultures, men will prefer to marry younger women because of greater reproductive capacity and women will place greater value on a potential mate's earning potential to provide survival advantages
in the fetus as those in the parent. Though the developing child is "unaware" of the details (i.e., the stories) evoking the mother's emotional response, they are aware of the emotion's physiological consequences and sensations. While developing in the safety and confinement of the uterus, the child is provided a preview of the environment as it is defined by the parent's perception and behavior. Parental behaviors are generally cyclic, and when repeated, they serve to habituate the developing behavioral chemistry in the fetus. Consequently, parental perceptions and responses to environmental stress are imparted to the offspring and serve in programming its behavioral expression. Behavioral "memories" are in part related to the appearance of specialized cell and tissue protein receptors which serve as "filters" in remembering past signals. Behavioral "filters"
Kasulik suhete mõistmiseks Mõistekaart 1 Kuidas saab rolliteooriat kasutada sotsiaaltöö praktikas? 9 Kirjandusallikate loetelu Loetelu raamatutest, kust leiab lisainfot Rolliteooria kohta: 1. Biddle, Bruce J. (1979). Role Theory--Expectations, Identities, and Behaviors. New York: Academic Press. 2. Biddle B. J., Thomas E. J. (1966). Role Theory: Concepts and Research. Wiley 3. Harnisch S., Frank C., Maull H. W. (2012). Role Theory in International Relations. Routledge: Reprint edition 4. Bertrand, Alvin L. (1972). Social organization: A general systems and role theory perspective. Philadelphia: F.A. Davis Co. 5. Brown, Dennis & Zinkin, Lois (1994). The psyche and the social world. London: Routledge. 6. Clayton, Max
1. Society- people who interact in such a way as to share a common culture. The cultural bond may be ethnic or racial or geographical, based on gender, or due to shared beliefs, values, and activities. 2. Culture- beliefs, behaviors, objects, and other characteristics common to the members of a particular group or society. 3. A unitary state- a state governed as one single power in which the central government is ultimately supreme and any administrative divisions (subnational units) exercise only powers that their central government chooses to delegate. The majority of states in the world have a unitary system of government. 4. A federal state-- a political entity characterized by a union of partially self-
African Americans age 13 to 19 represent only 15 percent of the U.S. teenage population, but accounted for 66 percent of new AIDS cases in 2003. The reasons for this disparity are not completely understood; in fact, African American youth have lower rates of drug abuse than Whites and Hispanics. This remains a strong research priority area for NIDA. In general, middle and late adolescence is a time when young people engage in risk-taking and sensation-seeking-behaviors that may put them in jeopardy of contracting HIV. Regardless of whether a young person takes drugs, unsafe sexual practices increase a person's risk of contracting HIV. But drugs and alcohol can increase the chances of unsafe behavior by altering judgment and decision making. Why Do People Use Illegal Drugs? Sometimes kids and teens try drugs to fit in with a group of friends. Or they might be curious or just bored. A person may use illegal drugs for many reasons, but often because they help
Wilhelm Wundt (Germany) and William James (USA)- founders. General Principles and Unique Individuals: Psychology's main purpose is not to describe the distinctive characteristics of a particular individual. Its main goal is to get at the facts that are general for all of mankind. Psychology hopes to find a route back to understand the individual event. It tries to find explanations to some behaviors and once such explanations are found, they may lead to practical applications; to hel counsel and guide, and perhaps to effect desirable changes. BIOLOGICAL BASES OF BEHAVIOR Any question about bodily movement must inevitably call for some reference to the nervous system, for tu us it is quite clear that the nrevous system is the
kontekstis. Järgnev onan mittetäielik nimekiri: Different applications using ODF as a standard document format have different methods of providing macro/scripting capabilities. There is no macro language specified in ODF. Users and developers differ on whether inclusion of a standard scripting language would be desirable.[55] The ODF specification for tracked changes is limited and does not fully specify all cases, resulting in implementation-specific behaviors. [56] In addition, OpenDocument does not support change tracking in elements like tables or MathML.[57] It is not permitted to use generic ODF formatting style elements (like font information) for the MathML elements.[57] Worldwide adoption[edit] Main article: OpenDocument adoption One objective of open formats like OpenDocument is to guarantee long-term access to data without legal or technical barriers, and some governments have come to view open
• However, globalization has created just as many challenges as opportunities for brands that venture overseas. Because consumers have so many more options for similar products, companies must ensure that their products are high in quality and affordability. Additionally, these products cannot be marketed identically across the globe. International marketing takes more into consideration than just language – it involves culture, market saturation, and customer behaviors. American and European companies especially have turned their international marketing efforts into something more than just exporting – they have adapted their branding to account for differences in consumers, demographics, and world markets. • Companies who have done this very well include Coca-Cola, who discovered that the word ‘Diet’ carries a negative connotation in Latin America and changed the
The notion of the significance of purpose- or telecology- of pictorial behavior in the discourse about development of graphic abilities has been at the center of a map- like model of development that has emerged as an alternative to the traditional stage models (Darras & Kindler, 1996: Kindler & Darras, 1997a, 1997b, 1998). This model regards emergence and development of pictorial imagery as a semiotic process occurring in an interactive social environment that leads to pictorial behaviors that may engage single or multiple modalities of expression. This framework acknowledges psychobiological factors that found development of pictorial activity while emphasizing the role of culture in validating or deselecting specific pictorial systems. It constitutes an attempt to decolonize discourse about artistic development by pointing to the usefulness and value of pictorial repertoires that have remained outside of the acclaim of the Western art world and yet play a
Significant changes from UML1.X-now address real time flow,incorporated Petri Net concepts -decompose activity into multiple actions -activity parameters and pins Useful because they focus on workflow-don’t have to reference a prticular object so ideal to map complex alternarive flows in a use case. Visual map of a set of activities and possible transitions between them –activities by one or more operations. Activity Modeling •The sequence and conditions for coordinating other behaviors • … using secondary constructs to show which classifiers are responsible for those behaviors. • Focus is on what tasks need to be done, in what order, rather than who/what performs each task Interfaces UML1.X supports only in 1 direction, UML2.0-bidirectional interface. Package Diagrams-organises the model,dependency indicates a usage relationship between contents of the packages,use it to model the high-level organization of the system,indicate visibility on owned elements,import
Sotsiaalpsühholoogia SISSEJUHATUS Sotsiaalpsühholoogia SP osa psühholoogiateadusest. SP maastik: eneseteadvus ja identiteet, sotsiaalne taju ja hoiakud, inimestevahelised suhted ja sotsiaalne mõju, suhtlemine, grupid ja grupiprotsessid Sotsiaalpsühholoogiat huvitab inimvaheliste suhete maailma Gordon Allport (1954): "Social psychology is an attempt to understand and explain how the thoughts, feelings, and behaviors of individuals are influenced by the actual, imagined or implied presence of other human beings". SR = inimestevaheliste suhete ruum - seaduspärasused, seletused, mõõtmine, sekkumine ... Populaarne ehk tarbepsühholoogia: sõprade leidmine ja suhete hoidmine, mõjutamine, juhtimine ja eestvedamine, suhtlemisõpetused, üksindus ja üksildus ... Teaduslik psühholoogia see, milles võib kindel olla
nimeks semeetilised interaktsioonid selline käsitlus, juhib tähelepanu, et interaktsioonis toimuv on keerukas, mitmekihiline, võib olla väga keerukas kommunikatsioon, semeetilised interaktsioonid võivad olla ka baroksed (üleküllased), eriti vanades väljakujunenud rituaalides. Whenever a regular behavior or habit of an individual or species is interpreted as a sign by some other individuals (conspecific or alter-specific) and is reacted upon through the release of yet other regular behaviors or habits, we have a case of semethic interactions. (Hoffmeyer 2008: 189) Hoffmeyeri järgi põhinevad semeetilised interaktsioonid organismide võimel ära tunda keskkonnaressursse ja näha ette tulevaid sündmusi (st kasutada märke). Mõnes ökosüsteemis määravad eri liikide vahelised ühted kogu koosluse näo ja meil on alust rääkida ökoloogilistest koodidest, mis on: 1) Avatud, s.t ühelgi liigil pole täit infot või kompetentsi ökoloogilise koodi
....114 17. SP uurimismeetodid. Uurimistöö eetika.....................118 1. Sotsaalpsühholoogia • SP – osa psühholoogiateadusest. SP maastik: eneseteadvus ja identiteet, sotsiaalne taju ja hoiakud, inimestevahelised suhted ja sotsiaalne mõju, suhtlemine, grupid ja grupiprotsessid ... • Gordon Allport (1954): “Social psychology is an attempt to understand and explain how the thoughts, feelings, and behaviors of individuals are influenced by the actual, imagined or implied presence of other human beings”. • Tänapäeval: “SP is the study of the causes and concequences of interpersonal behaviour” (Schachter, Gilbert, Wegner, 2012) • SR = inimestevaheliste suhete ruum - seaduspärasused, seletused, mõõtmine, sekkumine … • Populaarne SP: sõprade leidmine ja suhete hoidmine, mõjutamine, juhtimine ja eestvedamine, suhtlemisõpetused,
thoughts, feelings, motives etc. Teadmine enda kohta. spetsiifilised, üksikud omadused. · Eneseteadvustamine, enesereflektsioon (self-awareness): a psychological state in which one is aware of oneself as an object, just as one is aware of other objects such as buildings or other people. Enesest mõtlemine, analüüsimine, reflekteerimine - inimese tähelepanu pööramine endale, enda tegevustele. · Enesehinnang (self-evaluation): evaluation of one's own behaviors, physical appearance abilities or other personal attributes against internalized standards or social norms. Hinnang endale · Eneseväärtustamine (self-esteem): attitude towards oneself along a positive-negative dimension. People generally strive for high self-esteem. Püüdlus positiivse enesehinnangu suunas püüe suhet iseendaga korrastada viisil, et saaks endast hästi arvata.
grow up with the belief that you were a good and valuable person. By the age of three, this belief would lock in and become a funda- mental part of the way you view yourself in relation to your world. Thereafter, no matter what happens to you, you would hold to this belief. It would become your reality. If you were raised by parents who did not know how powerful their words and behaviors could be in shaping your personality, they could very easily have used destructive criticism, disapproval, and physical or emotional punishment to discipline or control you. When a child is continually criticized at an early age, he soon con- cludes that there is something wrong with him. He doesn’t under- stand why it is that he is being criticized or punished, but he
National Joint Committee on Learning Disabilities (1997): “LDs is a generic term that refers to a heterogeneous group of disorders manifested by significant difficulties in the acquisition and use of listening, speaking, reading, writing, reasoning, or mathematical abilities. These disorders are intrinsic to the individual, presumed to be due to central nervous system dysfunction, and may occur across the life span. Problems in self-regulatory behaviors, social perception, and social interaction may exist with LDs but do not by themselves constitute a learning disability. Although a learning disability may occur concomitantly with other handicapping conditions (for example, sensory impairment, mental retardation, serious emotional disturbance) or with extrinsic factors (such as cultural differences, insufficient or inappropriate instruction), they are not the result of those conditions or influences
- Mõlema kahjustusega on halvad näoväljenduste lugemisel. Otsmikusagara roll sotsiaalses tunnetuses ja käitumises. - Subjektiivne mõnutunne, sensoorsed mõnud, hüved töödeldakse seal - Kirjelda temporaalsagara epilepsiaga patsiendi emotsioone, kognitsioone ja käitumist. The general clinical impression is that temporal-lobe patients exhibit a clear personality change. For example, epilepsy patients and their friends were asked to complete rating scales of behaviors such as “anger,” “sadness,” or religiosity, and the patients were found to display a distinctive set of traits (Bear and Fedio, 1977), summarized in Table 20.3, sometimes referred to as temporal-lobe personality (see also Section 15.3). The epileptic patients self-reported a distinctive profile of humorless sobriety, dependence, and obsession. Raters differentiated the temporal-lobe patients on the basis of nearly every trait in Table 20
whose maternal instincts are under the automatic control of that single sound. The ethologists tell us that this sort of thing is far from unique to the turkey. They have begun to identify regular, blindly mechanical patterns of action in a wide variety of species. Called fixed-action patterns, they can involve intricate sequences of behavior, such as entire courtship or mating rituals. A fundamental characteristic of these patterns is that the behaviors comprising them occur in virtually the same fashion and in the same order every time. It is almost as if the patterns were recorded on tapes within the animals. When a situation calls for courtship, a courtship tape gets played; when a situation calls for mothering, a maternal behavior tape gets played. Click and the appropriate tape is activated; whirr and out rolls the standard se- quence of behaviors. The most interesting aspect of all this is the way the tapes are activated. When
klassis. Magistriprojekt. elassroom. Bahav-ioral Disorders, 5, 156-162. TÜ psühholoogia osakond. 13. Colton, D. L., & Sheridan, S. M. (1998). Conjoint 18. Fox, C. L., & Boulton, M. J. (2003a). Evaluating the behavioral con-sultation and Social Skills Training: effectiveness of the Social Skills Training (SST) program for Enhanshing the play behaviors of boys with attention victims of bullying. Educational Research, 43(3), 231-247. Fox, deficient hyperactivity disorder. Journal of Educational C. L., & Boulton, M. J. (2003b). A Social Skills Training (SST) and Psychological Consulta-tion, 9(1), 3-28.' program for victims of bullying. Pastoral Care, June, 19-26. 14. Connor, D. F. (2002). Aggression and antisocial 19. Frederickson, N. L., & Furnham, A. F. (2004). Peer-
National Joint Committee on Learning Disabilitie s (1997): “LDs is a generic term that refers to a heterogeneous group of disorders manifested by significant difficulties in the acquisition and use of listening, speaking, reading, writing, reasoning, or mathematical abilities. - These disorders are intrinsic to the individual, presumed to be due to central nervous system dysfunction, and may occur across the life span. - Problems in self-regulatory behaviors, social perception, and social interaction may exist with LDs but do not by themselves constitute a learning disability. - Although a learning disability may occur concomitantly with other handicapping conditions (for example, sensory impairment, mental retardation, serious emotional disturbance) or with extrinsic factors (such as cultural differences, insufficient or inappropriate instruction), they are not the result
eluaja. Keskendub ka sellele, kuidas kujundada lastel häid terviseharjumusi, kuidas inimeste seas regulaarset trennitegemist populariseerida jne. TP tegeleb ka haiguste tekkepõhjustega (etioloogia) ning nende seostega tervise, haiguse ja düsfunktsiooniga. 3. Tervisekäitumise definitsioon 68 Tervisekäitumised (health behaviors) on käitumised, mida inimesed võtavad ette oma tervise parandamiseks või hoidmiseks. Üldiselt- käitumised, mis on seotud inimese tervisliku seisundiga (sh tervise kahjustamine). 4. Tervisekäitumise muutmine: terviseuskumuse mudel Hoiakute muutmine ja tervisekäitumine. Hoiakute muutmise lähenemised eeldavad, et kui anname inimesele korrektset infot tema kehvade terviseharjumuste tagajärgede kohta, võib inimene olla motiveeritud neid harjumusi tervislikkuse suunas muutma
). Nevertheless, the scientific study of changes in Ajaloolisi momente I personality, emotion, and social behavior (!) following brain injury (!) lags far behind the • Darwin 1872: “The Expression of Emotions in Man and Animals” - kujunenud study of cognitive functions, in large part because it is difficult to define, record, and evolutsioonis, mõistetav erinevate liikide emotsioonide kontekstis. Psühholoogiat ei evaluate (!) these behaviors (!).” mõjustanud. • James-Lange emotsioonipostulaat: emotsioonid tekivad ajus kehaliste muutuste “The “emotions” are excellent examples of the fictional causes to which we commonly tõlgendamisel. attribute behavior.”B.F
5. How are 3D models changing the submittal process? 6. What is changing during steel erection? 7. What tools are being used to collaborate complex designs between various project participants from different companies? The case study method and design is well-suited to this thesis because of its ability to answer the research questions appropriately. “The case study is preferred in examining contemporary events but when the relevant behaviors cannot be manipulated” (Yin, 2009). Yin’s (2009) definition of a case study is: “...an empirical inquiry that investigates a contemporary phenomenon within its real-life context, especially when the boundaries between phenomenon and context are not clearly evident...[It also] copes with the technically distinctive situation in which there will be many more variables of interest than data points, and as one result relies on multiple
Fogg suggested to his sister, and that one change (the smallest meaningful change that created momentum) led her to buy running shoes and stop eating dessert, neither of which he suggested. These subsequent decisions are referred to in the literature as "consonant decisions," decisions we make to be aligned with a prior decision. Take the pressure off and do something small. Take the pressure off and do something small. Remember our target to log ve sessions of new behaviors? It's the ve sessions that are important, not the duration of those sessions. Rig the game so you can win. Do what's needed to make those rst ve sessions as painless as possible. Five snow akes are all you need to start the snowball effect of consonant decisions. Take the pressure o and put in your ve easy sessions, whether meals or workouts. The rest will take care of itself. In 2008, a 258-pound Phil Libin decided to experiment with laziness. He wanted to lose weight. This is common
force, or purpose as well as mind, spirit, or remembrance. Mentors in stories act mainly on the m i n d of the hero, changing her consciousness or redirecting her will. Even if physical gifts are given, Mentors also strengthen the hero's mind to face an ordeal with confidence. Menos also means courage. AVOIDING M E N T O R CLICHÉS T h e audience is extremely familiar with the M e n t o r archetype. T h e behaviors, attitudes, and functions o f W i s e O l d W o m e n and M e n are well known from thou sands o f stories, and it's easy to fall into clichés and stereotypes — kindly fairy godmothers and white-bearded wizards in tall M e r l i n hats. To combat this and 120 MEETING WITH THE MENTOR keep your writing fresh and surprising, defy the archetypes! Stand them on their heads,
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