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Seliin-Doris Tšinjakov
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features (concentrated in Europe, rare outside of Europe) and some other possible common features. Examples: Definite and indefinite articles, e.g., a book vs. the book Relative clauses with relative pronouns, e.g., I woke up a student who had nodded off ‘have’-perfect, e.g., has done Nominative experiencers, e.g., I like, I need Participial passive, e.g., you are invited Particles in comparative constructions, e.g. She is older than me 2. Is Estonian a typical SAE language? Why do you think so? SAE in Estonian: Relative clauses with relative pronouns, e.g., raamat, mida ma lugesin ‘the book that I read’ Comparative construction with the particle kui ‘than’, e.g., suurem kui hiir ‘bigger than a mouse’. But cf. also Estonian hiirest (ELA) suurem ‘bigger than a mouse’, where the standard is marked with the elative case! Finnish isompi kuin hiiri ~ hiirtä (PRT) isompi ‘bigger than a mouse’
YORKSHIRE ENGLISH Introduction The history of the Yorkshire variety, sometimes known as The Broad Yorkshire, or Tyke, can be traced back to 400 AD, with the arrival of Angles, Saxons, and other Germanic tribes on the mainland of Britain. Yorkshire is located in the north of today's Britain and even though allowing for boundary changes, has remained the biggest county in England. The English language has become one of the most known lingua franca. Language is used for trading, diplomatic and academic context, as well as other social channels built on communication. Yorkshire dialect has remained a peculiar pronunciation and grammar as well as its connection to early English and some other North Germanic languages, which makes it appealing to research about. Talking about the English language, we often hear more about the southern dialects and the Standard British dialect. (Waddington-Feather, 1970; McArthur, n. d)
There are over 1,400 lakes in Estonia, biggest being Lake Peipsi and Lake Võrtsjärv, while the deepest is Rõuge Suurjärv. The two longest rivers are the Võhandu and the Pärnu and the widest is Emajõgi. About 50% of the country is covered by forests while wetlands cover 30%. The landscape of Estonia, through covering a small area, is varied and unique. Lake Peipsi is Estonia's largest lake and Europe's fourth largest freshwater lake. 5. Symbols The flag The Estonian blue-black and white national flag was originally the flag of the Estonian Students' Society and was consecrated in Otepää Church in 1884. Today there is a memorial plaque on the church wall commemorating the event. The Flag Museum, opened in an annex in 1996, attracts tourists who take an interest in the history of the flag. After about half a century, during which it was prohibited by the Soviet authorities, the flag was seen again in public for the first time in Tartu in May 1988
List of Contents page Facts and figures 3 Geography 3 Climate 3 Nature 4 History 5 Economy 6 Culture 6 Biggest towns 7 Language 8 3 Facts and figures The Republic of Estonia is a small country. Covering only 45, 228 sq km it is slightly bigger than Denmark, Belgium or Switzerland. Estonia's population is under 1.4 million. The official language is Estonian but since very many Russians live here Russian is also wide spread. The capital of Estonia is Tallinn. The currency used in Estonia is Eesti kroon. The Estonian national flag is blue-black-white. It was originally the flag of the Estonian Students' Society. The flag was first consecrated in Otepää Church in 1884. For a while, during the Soviet occupation, the flag was banned but it was again seen in public in Tartu in May 1988.
Germanic *hailigon > Old English halgian to consecrate, to bless, halga sacred, a saint, Middle English halwe (see Prologue to the Canterbury Tales: ferne halwes distant shrines metonymic from the meaning "saint" TO HALLOW (as in "Our Father who art in heaven,hallowedbe thy name"), HALLOW meaning "saint" (the latter is a French loan (ALL HALLOWS' DAY, HALLOWEEN). The metonymic link between "being in one piece" and "being healthy" is fairly universal (cf. the two meanings of the Estonian word "terve" a Finno-Ugric, i.e. a non-Indo European word! or Russian "" (whole) and "" to heal (NB! Modern medicine uses "treat" and "cure" the latter when the result is positive, "heal" is generally used in alternative medicine as is "", cf also Healer and as names for Jesus). The use of a word denoting "health" in greetings and other ritual formulas ( as in HAIL!) is also fairlyuniversal (cf. Estonian "terviseks" and "tere"<"terve", Russian "()" < ""; ancient Romans used "Vale
heritage. At the beginning of the 19th century growing linen spread and became the basis of the legendary wealth of Mulgi farms. The ancient barn-dwellings and decaying manor houses are the mute witnesses of those times. The riches and cultural heritage of Mulgimaa owe to the diligence and tenacity of the local people. Village handicraftsmen and masters have always been honoured. Mulgikapsad (stewed sauerkraut with barley groats), Estonian cheesecakes and kama (a roasted meal-mixture) have not lost their popularity. However, linen growers have now been replaced by cereal grains growers and many farms have specialised on raising sheep or horses. And as the song goes: "Mulgimaa it's a place where life is good. It's a land of vast woods, fertile fields and nature's charms, the home of prosperous Estonian farms..." Tourism and handicraft in Lõuna-Viljandimaa
Estonia, officially the Republic of Estonia (Estonian: Eesti or Eesti Vabariik) is a country in the Baltic region of Northern Europe. It is bordered to the north by Finland across the Gulf of Finland, to the west by Sweden across the Baltic Sea, to the south by Latvia (343 km), and to the east by the Russian Federation (338,6 km). The territory of Estonia covers 45,227 km² and is influenced by a temperate seasonal climate. The Estonians are a Finnic people closely related to the Finns, with the Estonian language sharing many similarities to Finnish. The modern name of Estonia is thought to originate from the Roman historian Tacitus, who in his book Germania (ca. AD 98) described a people called the Aestii. Similarly, ancient Scandinavian sagas refer to a land called Eistland, close to the German term Estland for the country. Early Latin and other ancient versions of the name are Estia and Hestia. Until the late 1930s, the name was often written as Esthonia in most English speaking countries.
Tallinna Mustamäe Humanitargümnaasium Valeria Jefremenkova ENGLISH AS A GLOBAL LANGUAGE INGLISE KEEL KUI ÜLEMAAILMNE KEEL Research work Supervisor: Jevgenija Kozlova Tallinn 2016 1 Table of Contents СONTENT…………………………………………………………………………………...2 INTRODUCTION…………………………………………………………………………...3
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