Ajad, reeglid (8)

Past Simple
( lihtminevik )
-ed / II pv.
Kasutus: Ago, yesterday , last.
?/- Did
Tegevus:
1. Toimus minevikus ja on lõppenud.
„I met him yesterday“
2. Used To, mineviku harjumused.
„I used to play tennis .“
Past Continius
(kestev minevik )
was/were + ing
Kasutus: When, while , as
Tegevus:
1. ajutised sündmused.
2. 2 või enam tegevust
„While i was reading , he was garding.“
3. minevikus katkestatud tegevus
„I was having a shower, when the phone rang .“
4. konktreetne kellaaeg minevikus
„ I was watching TV yesterday at 5!“
Present Perfect
(täisminevik,olevikuaeg)
have/has + III pv.
Kasutus: Never, ever, already , yet, before , since , for.
Tegevus:
1. tegevused alg. Minevik -> now
„I have been a teacher for 5 years .“
2. mineviku situatsiooni resultaat olevikus
„I have lost my purse.“
3. kogemused
„Have you been in USA?“
Have Gone – Have Been
Go Verbid :
She has gone to Austria ( Ta läks Austriasse.)
She has been to Austria ( Ta on käinud Austrias .)
Past Perfect
(enneminevik)
had + III pv.
Kasutus: For, since, after, by (time), before.
Üle õla vaatamine, mis kunagi lõppes.
Tegevus:
1. Tegemist, mis lõppes enne teatud momenti või teist tegevust minevikus.
„I had seen the film before.“
„Tom had already come home when Ann arrived .“
2. Tegevus algas enne antud momenti minevikus, kestis siis edasi või lõppes enne seda. Kogu tegevus või alguspunkt on teada.
„George had lived in Tallinn for 2 years.“
„Ted hadn’t worked since June .“
Present Perfect Continius
(kestev täisminevik)
have/has been + ing
Rõhutatakse tegevuse kestvust – How Long ?
„I have been waiting for you 12 hours !“
Past Perfect Continius
(kestev enneminevik)
had been + ing
Tegevus:
Tegevust, mis algas enne teatud momenti minevikus, kestis sellel hetkel või lõppes just enne seda momenti.
Rõhutatakse tegevuse kestvust.
„Tom was nervous. He had been waiting for 2 hours since 9 o’ clock .“
„Why didn’t you come to our party last night ? – Sorry, i was too tired. I had been working all day long. “
Kasutus: For, since.
Be Going To

• Plaanid ja kavatsused lähitulevikus
  

„I am going to spend next summer sailing around the world.“

• Ennustused , mida näeme ( tugevneb mingil faktil )
  

„The Sky is very cloudy. It’s going to rain today .“
Modal Verbs
Reported speech
Can -> could
Could -> had been able to
May -> might
Must -> had to
Mustn’t -> was/were not allowed to have to
Had to -> had had to
The Definite Article
The is used before:

• Nouns which unique
  
• Names of cinemas, hotels, theatres , museums, newspapers /magazines, ships, institutions, galleries
  
• Names of rivers , seas, groups of islands / states , mountain ranges , deserts, oceans, canals, and names or nouns with „of“
  
• Musical instruments , dances
  
• Names of families , nationalities ending in -sh, -ch or -ese, other plural nationalities are used with or without „the“
  
• Titles , „The“ is ommited before titles with proper names
  
• Adjectives used as plural nouns and the superlative degree of adjectives/adverbs
  
• Ülivõrre- the most beautiful
  
• Seasons, beach, cinema , city, coast, country (side), earth, ground , jungle, radio , pub, sea(side), sku, stadion, shop, theatre , village, weather , world
  
• Morning , afternoon, evening , night
  
• Historical reference/ events
  
• Only, last, first