Normannid (inglise kirjandus) (0)

1.Who were the Normans and what did they bring with them? The normans were the people who in the 
10th and 11th centuries  gave  their name to Normandy, a  region in France .
2.How long did the Norman period last in the  British  Isles? 1066-1154
3.How did the Norman Conquest take place and what were the  events   leading to this? 
Edward the  Confessor died and the throne was seized by his leading aristocrat, Harold Godwinson, who was
crowned. Almost immediately, Harold faced two invasions  - one from the  king of Norway, Harald Hardrada,
who was supported by Harold Godwinson's brother Tostig, and the  other from William, Duke of Normandy. 
Harold defeated the  Norwegian invasion at the  Battle  of Stamford Bridge  in September 1066, but he was 
defeated and killed shortly afterwards at the Battle of Hastings. The victorious William  claimed the throne.
4.What is Domesday book all about ? William the Conqueror started recording England , because he 
wanted to know  how much tax he  could raise in order to fund his armies.
5.What do you know about Bayeux  Tapestry? It is a long piece of art on cloth about William's  journey to 
England.
6.What langauges were spoken at that time?  French
7.What was the  role  of church  in the  middle  ages?  Back during the Middle Ages  religion played a  major  
role in the  daily life of the Europeans. The major religion that ruled Europe  during this time was 
Christianity. The only church that existed during the Middle Ages was the  Catholic  Church. The Catholic 
Church had a great  control  over the European people. The church was very powerful and could even control 
the  kings  of the  land .
8.What was the  social  system like? Who were serfs and freemen? There was a very distinctive social 
class  system during the Middle Ages. Most  Medieval  people were peasants, over 90%, but the  divide  
between peasants and nobility was very clear-cut. The people were  divided into royalty (kings, queens ), 
nobility, hereditary nobility (dukes, barons), non-hereditary nobility (knights, peasants, freemen, slaves.) 
Serfs had no political  power and were not  allowed having control of property.  They lived on the property of
a noble vassal, and, in order to repay the vassal for letting the  serf live  on his property, the serf worked the 
land and was at the disposal of the vassal.  Serfs were slaves in all but name. 
Freemen were poor farmers who had control of small portions of land. Freeman usually made just enough 
money to live on. They sold their crops and may have worked with a trade.
9.What do you  remember  about the Tower of London and  Westminster  Abbey? 
Tower of London is a  historic  castle  located on the  north bank of the  River  Thames in central London.
Westminster Abbey is a large, mainly Gothic  abbey church in the City of Westminster, London.
10.The  Crusades  - find some information about them. They were  military campaigns sanctioned by the 
Catholic Church in the Middle Ages. The  first  of the Crusades began in 1095, when armies of Christians 
from Western Europe responded to Pope Urban II’s  plea  to go to war against Muslim forces in the Holy 
Land.
11.How would you  describe  Medieval or Chivalric Romances? Chivalric romance is a type of prose  and 
verse  narrative that was  popular in the aristocratic circles of High Medieval and Early Modern Europe. They
were fantastic  stories  about  marvel -filled adventures, often of a  knight -errant portrayed as having heroic 
qualities, who goes  on a quest.
12.What is courtly love? It was a medieval European literary conception of love that emphasized nobility 
and chivalry. Medieval  literature  is filled with examples  of knights setting out on adventures and performing
various  services  for ladies  because of their "courtly love".
13.What is a fableaux? A medieval verse tale characterized by comic, ribald treatment of themes  drawn 
from life.
14.William Langland „The Visions of Piers Ploughman"