Nordic countries The Nordic countries are Sweden, Norway, Iceland and Denmark. Kingdom of Sweden Capital Stockholm Language Sweden Size 449,964 square kilometers Population 9 million National emblem three corwns Flag blue, yellow Scandinavian cross Symbols blackbird, male European elk Famous for Pippi Longstocking by Astrid Lindgren Traveling red wooden farm houses World leader in number of fields Kingdom of Norway Capital Oslo Language Norwegian Size 323,802 square kilometers Population 4.9 million Flag red, indigo blue Scandinavian cross outlined in white Symbols elk, purple heather flower, dipper Biggest rivers Glomma, Otra
Taani4; Lennart Meri on aga ,,Hõbevalges" avaladanud arvamust, et tegu võiks olla hoopis Eestiga.5 Mida peetakse aga Skandinaavia ja skandinaavlaste all täpsemalt silmas? 1 Sveari nime on ka tihti kasutatud erinevates Skandinaavia saagades, tähistades sellega Rootsi hõime. Samuti pärineb sveari nimetusest Rootsi nimi Sverige - Svea rike, mis tähendab Svearide kuningriiki. Robert C. Boraker. Uncovering Scandinavian roots. http://www.ensignmessage.com/archives/scandinavianroots.html 2 Tacitus. Germaanlaste päritolust ja paiknemisest. Tõlk. Kristi Viiding. Loomingu Raamatukogu. Tallinn 2007, lk.23, 57-58. 3 Elise C Otte. Scandinavian History. Macimillan and Co. London 1894, lk.2. http://books.google.ee/books? id=tyjwqDwyVQUC&printsec=frontcover&dq=scandinavian+ +history&source=bl&ots=WhmAiiqSLW&sig=7Oc5wDp8e1663vh3RKHSsoBJtQ0&hl=et&ei=Nt_nTL-
Kingdom of Sweden The capital is Stockholm The official language is Sweden Flag: (Pildid peavad ka olema) The flag of Sweden is a Scandinavian cross that extends to the edges of the flag. The design and colours of the Swedish flag are believed to have been inspired by the present Coat of arms of Sweden of 1442. Symbols blackbird,male European elk Three Crowns is a national emblem of Sweden, present in the Coat of Arms of the Realm of Sweden. Population - 9,415,295 Size - 449,964 square kilometres Sweden is a world leader in a number of fields.
..............................................6 - Kokkuvõte..........................................................................................................................................7 - Kasutatud kirjandus...........................................................................................................................8 2 Sissejuhatus Käesolevas referaadis on käsitletud ajakirja ,,Scandinavian Journal of Psychology" 2006. aastal ilmunud artiklit pealkirjaga ,,Can music bring people togeher? Effects of shared musical preference on intergroup bias in adolescence". Artikli autoriteks on Sotirios Bakagiannis ja Mark Tarrant. Mõlemad tegutsevad Suurbritannias, Keele Ülikoolis (Keele University). Artikkel põhineb uurimusele, mis viidi läbi Manchesteri Keskkoolis, Suurbritannias. Uurimuse taustast Igapäevaselt ringi liikudes puutume tihti kokku muusikalise käitumisega
Elina Kangas 2014 Sweden Scandinavian country in Northern Europe. Sweden borders Norway and Finland Sweden is the third-largest country in the European Union by area, with a total population of about 9.6 million. Ways of getting there By plane By ship Essential baggage The Swedish climate is similar to Estonian, so you have to take the same clothes. Take documents and money . Places to visit Gröna Lund, because it has over 30 attractions including 5 rollercoasters Souvenirs Salty liquorice Old Swedish ceramics or
Norway Location Lies on Scandinavian Peninsula Neigbourgh countries Sweden, Finland, Denmark Facts Mountainious country Total area of 385,000 square kilometres Population of 5 million 12 peaks over 2000m Mountains Galdhøpiggen - highest mountain 2496m Glittertind second highest mountains - 2,465 m Citys Oslo, the capital, the largest city. Bergen, second largest, birthplace of many known Black Metal bands. Bergen Religion and immigrantism Pagan norwegians worshipped Odin and Thor Christianization around 1000AD reason of church burning in 90's Immigrantism and muslims reason of 2011 Norway attacks Espedal Small village Birthplace of Kristian Eivind Espeda(or Gaahl) the vocalist of a band Gorgoroth Thank you for listening
Kaali crater Kaali crater's history Nobody truly knows how old is Kaali crater. Many people think it's over 7000 years old some even think that it is over 3500 years old. There are some rumours that Scandinavian god Thor once landed there :D. Ivan Reinwald was the first human to start investigating Kaali. In 1935 Ivan found meteor shards there and knew a meteor landed there. What can you do there At Kaali it's obvious you can see the crater but there are other fun stuff to do there. You can have a nice picnic with friends at there. Visit the nearby resturants and enjoy the nature. Remember that don't go swimming to the crater! Location
English in my life People in Estonia basically use two languages. The main language and also our mother tongue is Estonian. Also Russian is a commonly spoken language because almost one-third of the population in Estonia is formed by Russians. Besides those two languages many Estonians are quite good at English. We are visited by many tourists from Finland, Sweden, Latvia and many other countries. Tourists from the Scandinavian countries and from other places of Europe don't speak in Estonian. So it is quite important for us to speak itEnglish an international language. It also goes the other way around when we go traveling somewhere in Europe or even further - then we mainly use English to communicate with people. Over the last 10 years the use of English has grown a lot in Estonia. We have many new TV channels in English. Also some Estonians work abroad because of the salary or better working conditions
of the year. In recent times, Christmases have grown to be more a commercial holiday. What is more, Estonian Christmas celebrations have been changed due to German cultural influences. Christmases in Estonia on the whole have two meanings: first one is to celebrate the birth of the Christ and secondly it marks the whole period of mid-winter festivities. In Estonia's folk tradition, Christmas (in Estonian "jõulud" is of ancient Scandinavian origin and has no connection with Christianity) was a time of year to celebrate the shortest day and longest night. At the same time, Christmas was the culmination of the late autumn celebrations. Christmas Eve and Christmas Night were the most sacred times of the season. Nowadays, Christmases are simply considered to be a holiday to spend time with family and friends. Estonia has assimilated most of the traditions which were not relative to Estonia's culture in the old times.
I am also new business student in university and i have my own opinion. How can i see the life in Estonia? Positive side is definetly the location. We are located near the Baltic sea, which means that around us there is one of the fastest growing market. Also we are near the biggest cities in Europe. It means that we have lots of tourists who want to visit our country. Positive side is that we have unique nature and old town. Also in Estonia there are lower prices than neighboring Scandinavian countries. Estonians are successful in creating different e-government solutions. We have e-school, e- voting and e-stores. Also the Skype is partly invented by estonians. A lot of talented people come from Estonia. Interesting about Estonia is that, although it is very small coutry it is still really popular among foreign stuents. It means that we have good education system. Consequently we can say that estonians are tolerant and foreign students feel comfortabe while living Estonia.
jpg Alpid: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alps , http://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpid, http://www.miksike.ee/documents/main/lisa/8klass/3teema/loodus/alpid.htm Pildi allikas: http://www.robert-jasper.de/fileadmin/redaktion/bilder/Diashows/makingof- imax/the_alps_050923_3419_5mpix.jpg Skandinaavia: http://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skandinaavia_m%C3%A4estik , http://www.miksike.ee/en/forum.html?thread_id=4979&forum=13 Pildi allikas: http://images.fineartamerica.com/images-medium-large-5/across-scandinavian- mountains-julia-fine-art.jpg Võru Kesklinna Kool 10.12.2013
diverse facilities, and an educational centre for young visitors and for art lovers. Construction started in 2002. The Kumu Art Museum was opened to the visitors in February 2006. Mermaid monument is made in 1893 year, by arcitecture Amadus Adamson. It was built in memory of wrecked ship. Y oung couples often celebrate their weddings there. St. Olaf's church St. Olaf's church is believed to have been built in the 12th century and to have been the centre for old Tallinn's Scandinavian community prior to the conquest of Tallinn by Denmark in 1219. A legend tells that the builder of the church, named Olaf, upon its completion, fell to his death from the top of the tower. It is said that when his body hit the ground, a snake and a toad crawled out of his mouth. There is a wall-carving depicting this event in the adjoining Chapel of Our Lady. There are a lot of places to visit in Tallinn. Y ou will be amazed by the beauty and significance of this city.
economy and culture. From approximately the 1st to 5th centuries AD, resident farming was widely established, the population grew, and settlement expanded. Cultural influences from the Roman Empire reached Estonia, and this era is therefore also known as the Roman Iron Age. A more troubled and war-ridden middle Iron Age followed with external dangers coming both from the Baltic tribes, who attacked across the southern land border, and from overseas. Several Scandinavian sagas refer to campaigns against Estonia. Estonian pirates conducted similar raids in the Viking age and sacked and burned the Scandinavian capital of Sigtuna in 1187. By the early 13th century, Estonia was divided into eight large counties -- Saaremaa, Läänemaa, Rävala, Harju, Viru, Järva, Sakala, and Ugandi. Annual consultations were held by representatives of several counties and developments took the direction of establishing a state. Estonia until this
Estonia, officially the Republic of Estonia, is a state in the Baltic region of Northern Europe. It is bordered to the north by the Gulf of Finland, to the west by the Baltic Sea, to the south by Latvia, and to the east by the Lake Peipsi and the Russian Federation. The territory of Estonia covers 45,227 km2. The capital, Tallinn, has around 400000 inhabitants.Tallinn's ability to blend medieval architecture with Scandinavian modernity with all the comforts you'd expect from a modern, competitive and innovative capital. Estonian language, does not belong to the Indo-European group. It belongs to the Finno-Ugric language family, which also includes Finnish and Hungarian. Estonian dialects are divided into two groups, Northern and Southern, usually associated with biggest cities of those regions Tallinn, the capital, in the north and Tartu, second largest city, in the south
Sainz, shot to prominence with Ford in 2002. He was on target to notch up victory on that year's Acropolis Rally Greece, his career first, until suffering two punctures and instead being forced to concede to the more experienced McRae. But Märtin still impressed during his time as pilot of the Ford Focus WRC. He won the equivalent event in Greece the following year as well as being only the third driver in the history of the WRC to break the Scandinavian stranglehold on the Neste Rally Finland. In addition to this, Märtin was a winner, again with Ford, of the Corona Rally Mexico in 2004. He also won the Tarmac rallies of Corsica and Catalunya in the same year. These victories happened to be the last for the Märtin/Park partnership. For 2005 Märtin departed the team for former constructors' champions Peugeot and their 307 car. Sadly, in comparison to the heights of previous seasons, initial promise was to give way to grief
Good morning ladies and gentlemen! Im going to talk about Business in Estonia. I`ve divided my talk into three parts. First Im going to give a short overview of the Estonian business. Second Im going to talk about studying business in Estonia and third Im going to talk about business in industrial sector. FIRST: Estonia is a relatively small country in the northern part of Europe. Estonia is strategically placed in the business corridor, between the Scandinavian countries (EU) and other eastern European countries, including Russia. Estonia has suffered from economic Chrisis as many ohter European countries and compared to ohter bigger countries like Spain and Greece, Estonia has managed to recover from the Chrisis quite well. The number of unemployed people has reduced, still many private companies have struggles due to the fact that the income of consumers has been low and the ability to consume products provided by the companies has suffered aswell.
School Bullying Worksheet Respond to the questions below in detail. 1. What are the 4 levels of negative consequences of bullying specified by the text? General school climate, right of students to learn in a safe environment without fear, lifelong consequences. 2. What is the foremost source of formal bullying research? Scandinavian countries, Great Britain, and Japan. 3. Direct bullying behaviours include (5) teasing, taunting, threatening, hitting, stealing. 4. Indirect bullying is such as spreading rumours and enforcing social isolation. 5. Boys and girls differ in their bullying behaviours in that Boys typically engage in direct bullying methods. but girls are more apt to utilize more subtle indirect strategies. 6
15 aastane Eesti elanik, kes tunnistab sõnas ja kirjas MTÜ põhikirja. Juhtkonda kuuluvad juhatuse esimees Kuno Kompus, juhatuse liige Heiki Lutschan ja asutajaliige Jüri Murumägi. Koostööpartnerid: Rahaliselt ja püsivalt toetavad : Tööriistamaailm; Käepaelad, batuudid; Qualit Kaubandus; Henkel Balti OÜ; Katusematerjalide e-pood Teenuste ja toodetega püsivalt toetavad: Scandinavian Marketing – E-maili turundus; Kesklinna tõlkekeskus – kvaliteetsed tõlked; OSC kuller – kaubavedudega toetamine; Elisa Eesti – teenustasudest loobumine annetusnumbritelt; EMT - teenustasudest loobumine annetusnumbritelt; Elion - teenustasudest loobumine annetusnumbritelt; Starman - teenustasudest loobumine annetusnumbritelt; STV - teenustasudest loobumine annetusnumbritelt;
Assembly. Jüri Vilms was executed and Otto took over as acting Minister of Court, he became leader of the Radical Socialist Party, they changed this name later to Estonian Labour Party. In 1919 Otto Strandman became the first Prime Minister of the country on 8 May 1919 and also he became the Minister of War. Otto Strandman made the suggestion to name the new Estonian currency “kroon” after Scandinavian countries. From 1927 to 1929, he was a diplomat, serving as an envoy in Warsaw, when he made contacts with Polish politicians. In August 1930, Strandman hosted president Mošicki in Estonia. During the Soviet occupation in 1941, Strandman was ordered to show up to the NKVD (People's Commissariat for Internal Affairs) headquarters In conclusion, he had been in many parliaments like Estonian Provincial Assembly, Estonian Constituent
50 Võimudistants That is the extent to which the less powerful members of organizations and institutions (like the family) accept and expect that power is distributed unequally. This represents inequality (more versus less), but defined from below, not from above. It suggests that a society's level of inequality is endorsed by the followers as much as by the leaders. Power distance scores are high for Latin, Asian and African countries and smaller for Germanic and Scandinavian countries. That is the extent to which the less powerful members of organizations and institutions (like the family) accept and expect that power is distributed unequally. This represents inequality (more versus less), but defined from below, not from above. It suggests that a society's level of inequality is endorsed by the followers as much as by the leaders.
In character, the Anglo-Saxons have bequeathed much of the German solidity, industry, and patience. In civilization, on the other hand, the British owe comparatively little to the direct Teutonic influence. The native Anglo-Saxon culture was low. 15. Name some countries where English is used as the first language. Barbados, Canada, Dominica, Jamaica, Gibraltar, Australia 16. Which languages have influenced English most? French, Latin, Greek and Germanic(Scandinavian) 17. Describe England. St. George 18. What was Shakespeare famous for? He was an English poet and playwright, widely regarded as the greatest writer in the English language and the world's pre- eminent dramatist. Many new words. Romeo & Julie, Hamlet, King Lear, Richard III 19. What is the official name of Britain? The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northen Ireland 20. How did the Normans influence Britain? The buildings we know as castles
me oleme ajalooliselt alati teadnud ühte varianti ning ei pruugi muid versioone aktsepteerida, kuid töö autori arvates ei olegi enam oluline inimestes kinnitunud valepilti ümber lükata. KASUTATUD ALLIKMATERJALID Blanck, D. (2016). The Transnational Viking: The Role of the Viking in Sweden, the United States, and Swedish America. Journal of Transnational American Studies, 7(1). 2-16 Celan, P. (2000). The Invention of the Viking Horned Helmet. International Scandinavian and Medieval Studies in Memory of Gerd Wolfgang Weber, 199-208 Holck, P. (2006). The oseberg ship burkal, Norway: New thoughts on the skeletons from the grave mound. European Journal of Archaeology, 9(2-3), 185-210. doi:10.1177/1461957107086123 Karlep, I. (2017, 6. november). Jüri Kuuskemaa: Eestlased olid viimased viikingid, kes hiljem viisid idamaade valitsejatele viagrat. Pealinn. Loetud aadressil: http://www.pealinn
A borrowing is a word taken from another language. Modern Engl is the result of development of Germanic trikes(inimhulk) that settled on Br isles on 5-6 century, they wre Angles, Saxons, Jutes. In Middle Engl periods (11-15 cent)there were 5 mail dialects: Northen, East-central, west-central, south-western, kentish. The basis of E became the London dialect. Due to the importance of London as the capital, the London dialect spread over the country. 15. Sources of borrowing: Latin, Old Scandinavian, French. Latin: there are 3 layers of Lain borrowings:1)these words stand for objects in everyday life (, nt pepper, plum, butter, wine, cup, dish, chalk, kitchen, street, mile, inch). 2)At the end of 6th cent christianity was introduced. Latin became the language of religion (nt, altar, angels, candle, devil, munk, nun, pope, preest) 3) During the Renaissance mainly abstract nouns and scientific words were borrowed (nt, conception, effect, idea, illusion, medium, necessity, decorate,
back. They left huge boulders perched in places where only moving ice could have put them. The ice sheet also covered Estonia. The Estonian hills were formed of the soil piled up by the ice sheet. The direction of our oblong hills clearly shows the direction in which the ice moved. The tens of thousands of boulders of all sizes and shapes that are scattered all over the territory of Estonia were brought here from Scandinavian Mountains. Scientists know now that the great Ice Age was not the only ice age in the earth's history. Millions of years earlier there were other ice ages. Scientists know, too, that the time we are living in may be just one of the pleasant periods between the times of spreading ice sheets of an Ice Age. What do we know about Ice Age mammals? The woolly mammoth was a prehistoric elephant about the size of a modern elephant.This animal lived near the glaciers
town in Medieval times. 3. Kolm Õde - a hotel. In 2003, three of Tallinn's splendid merchant houses, built in 1362, were renovated and united to create The Three Sisters, which now offers modern amenities with great design and a backdrop of medieval history. 4. Oleviste church baptism. Believed to have been built in the 12th century and to have been the centre for old Tallinn's Scandinavian community prior to the conquest of Tallinn by Denmark in 1219. A legend tells that the builder of the church, named Olaf, upon its completion, fell to his death from atop the tower. It is said that when his body hit the ground, a snake and a toad crawled out of his mouth. 5. Blackhead's house Pikk tn 26 - Reneissance, 14. cent. It is the house of the brotherhood. It used to unite single young and foreign merchants. 6. Kanuti Gild - 13.cent
finally to Arctic barrens in the far north. The northern Canadian mainland is ringed with a vast archipelago containing some of the world's largest islands. Population Canada is one of the most sparsely populated, with only about 30 million inhabitants. The two biggest ethnic groups are those of British and French extraction. Quebec has a large French speaking majority. There are substantial minorities who speak other European languages, such as German, Scandinavian and Polish. Inuit and Indians in the Northwest and Yukon were the first inhabitants of Canada, the Indians crossing from Asian more than 10 000 years ago, and the Inuit which has distributed all around the Arctic circle. After the First World War, Canada was one of the principal creators of the Commonwealth. Climate Average winter and summer high temperatures across Canada vary depending on the location. Winters can be very freeze in many regions of the country, particularly in the
major East/West hub · Burnt in 860 possibly in domestic strides of · Ladoga/Volkhov route started Rørik and other old Dukes. substituting Daugava route in 7th Century · Attempt to conquer by Swedes 1164 · Exact population composition unknown, · Burnt in 1313 by Swedes but included Finnish, Scandinavian and later also Slavonic elements · Finnish component included Karelian, Veps, Votic and probably Estonians and maybe even other tribes, but not known to which degree they had by that time acquired separate linguistic/cultural identities beyond the one deriving from their home area CORE FINDINGS 8001300 CE Few CLEAR CONCENTRATIONS OF DOESN'T MEAN ELSEWHERE HAD BEEN POPULATION EMPTY, JUST NOT FOUND YET
aineistonsa tulkinnoissa. Merkityksen rakentamisessa hyödynnetään muun muassa korjauksia ja toistoja. Molemmilla jatko-opiskelijoilla on erittäin hyvät arvosanat pro gradu -tutkielmistaan ja molemmat ovat aloittaneet sekä esitelmöinnin että julkaisemisen. LIITE: Lähdeluettelo Common European Framework of Reference for Languages: Learning, Teaching, Assessment. Council of Europe 2001. CROSSLING: https://wiki.uef.fi/pages/viewpage.action?pageId=16586730 Delsing, L.-O. 2007. Scandinavian intercomprehension today. In J.D. ten Thije & L. Zeevaert (eds.), Receptive multilingualism. Linguistic analyses, language policies and dialectic concepts. Amsterdam: John Benjamins, 231246. Eckman, F. 2004. From phonemic differences to contrast ranking: research on second language phonology. In Studies in second language acquisition 26, 514539. Gooskens, C. 2006. Linguistic and extra-linguistic predictors of inter-Scandinavian intelligibility. Linguis- tics in the Netherlands, 101-113.
· there is a trend towards increasing share of cross-border acquisitions; · the share of greenfield investments has grown slowly as well. FDI by Activities and Countries By the end of June 2008, the cumulative stock of foreign direct investment in Estonia amounted to EUR 11.76 billion. 32.9% of those FDI has been invested in financial intermediation, real estate, renting and business activities followed with 27.5% and manufacturing with 14,4%. The Scandinavian countries are the biggest source of foreign direct investment in Estonia. Sweden tops the list of investing countries with 39% of the total, followed by Finland with 23.9% and the Netherlands with 7.4%. Regional Distribution of FDI Tallinn and the counties surrounding the capital continue to be the most favourite areas for foreign direct investment in Estonia. However, a number of other regions have experienced increasing interest with major investments being made by Estonian Cell,
pub and shop signs, I should still be reading Estonian and not have a constant question "am I still in Estonia?". Estonia is without a doubt influenced by American mass culture, which has changed the way the youth of today look at life. Daily we listen to American pop music (well, I don't, but that is an active choice, if I turned on radio or picked what Youtube is proposing, then most likely I'd get US daily pop music), and our cinemas are full of Hollywood's box busters, whereas Scandinavian and European films mainly show up during a few festivals, although it would make more sense if it was the other way around or at least in some natural balance. The same, apparently, goes for books – a lot of American literature is translated into Estonian or simply sold, and sometimes it seems that the only reason is because they sold in America and became known to us via internet. I do believe "Fifty Shades of Grey" being one of such phenomena, and at that rather an unnatural one.
.................may be confused as some facts are never explained.(VIEW) 27. What should I buy for my girlfriend? Underwear's too obvious, chocolates are too ......................... and a book would be a bit boring.(PREDICT) 28. It is better to be divorced and homeless than married and ...........................(HOPE) 29. Off-screen, Simon's been making a name for himself in the tabloids as a playboy in .................... kiss and tells by blonde lapdancers.(NUMBER) 30. Scandinavian legend says that when the son of the goddess Frigga was killed her tears of ...................... became the white berries.(SORRY) 31. After two months of laser treatment I noticed a tiny ....................... and felt a stab of determination. (IMPROVE) 32. Fed up with your partner's snoring? A dig in the rib is still probably the most ............................. (EFFECT) 33. Check all bones have been removed from the fish, .......................... the fine pin bones, then place in a
Frog and snake come out his mouth and petrified. Nowadays these three shapes are next to the St. Olav's Church. The church named by Olev. 3 True story of St. Olav's Church St. Olaf's church was first mentioned in an earlier predecessor in year 1267. The church itself was dedicated to the holy Olav, who was announced saint after his death. Olav's name is derived from the Scandinavian Olaf. Legend of master, who make Union with Satan and built churches, it is used by explanation of St. Olaf's Church bilding story. As well Olev is known in old folksongs. 4 Legend of Old Thomas A long time ago a poor widow named Kala-May lived in Tallinn with her son Thomas. Kala-May went every day to the city market to sell some fish. Town guarders knew Kala-May and his son as well and until May sold fish, she left Thomas with guarders
Director Meedia. Kasutatud 19.09.2016, http://www.director.ee/10-vaidet-mis-enam-ei-kehti-kuid-mis- kujundavad-endiselt-tanapaeva-organisatsioone/ Arengu ülevaade. Rahvusvahelise raamatukogundusorganisatsiooni (IFLA). Kasutatud 29.09.2016 http://trends.ifla.org/files/trends/assets/ifla-trend-report_estonian.pdf Karsten, H. (1995). „It´s like everyone working around the same desk“: Organizational Readings of Lotus Notes. Scandinavian Journal of Information Systems, 7(1): 3 – 32. Kasutatud 19.09.2016 http://iris.cs.aau.dk/tl_files/volumes/volume07/no1/01_karsten_p3- 32.pdf Lilienthal, A. (2016). Info- ja kommunikatsioonitehnoloogia vahendite kasutamine sotsiaaltöös ja sellega kaasnevad eetilised probleemid. Magistritöö. Tartu Ülikool, Sotsiaal- ja haridusteaduskond ajakirjanduse ja kommunikatsiooni instituut. Naaber, M . (2013)
Most of the people are Lutherans and there is freedom of worship. (New knowledge library: universal reference encyclopedia) 7 History The first inhabitants of Finland were the Sami (Lapp) people. When Finnish speakers migrated to Finland in the first millennium B.C., the Sami were forced to move northward to the arctic regions, with which they are traditionally associated. The Finns' repeated raids on the Scandinavian coast impelled Eric IX, the Swedish king, to conquer the country in 1157. It was made a part of the Swedish kingdom and converted to Christianity. By 1809 the whole of Finland was conquered by Alexander I of Russia, who set up Finland as a grand duchy. The period of Russification (18091914) sapped Finnish political power and made Russian the country's official language. When Russia became engulfed by the March Revolution of 1917, Finland seized the opportunity to declare independence on Dec
The Romans built the first bridge(in London), the capital(London) is a Roman city, the street system(paved roads), benefits for the poor, public heated baths, art, architecture. They also influenced the language (pound, butter, cheese, wine, candle). 9. Which areas of life is English used in? technology, science, politics, tourism, aviation 10. Which languages influenced the Old English (until the 10th century) most?Anglo-Saxon, Celtic(the Celts), Scandinavian languages (Norse and Danish), Latin (the Romans) 11. Where do British people live? British Isles 12. Describe Ireland.- N I is famous for the Giant's causeway. Anthem God save the queen, 13. What is the approximate population of the 4 constituent countries? 62 million. England- 51,4 million, Scotland- 5,1 , Wales 2,9 m , Northern Ireland 1,8 million. 14. How did the Anglo-Saxons influence Britain? Language, first settlers on British Isles 15
In Japan, for example, it is not enough just to speak Japanese; you must also conduct business the Japanese way. Learn what is valued culturally—and what is offensive. SOME HUGE INTERNATIONAL MARKETING FAILURES Pepsodent tried to market its toothpaste in Southeast Asia by claiming that it "whitens your teeth,” before learning that some locals chewed betel nuts to blacken their teeth, a sign of attractiveness in their culture. • The Scandinavian vacuum manufacturer Electrolux didn’t account for a common American colloquialism when marketing their vacuum in the U.S: "Nothing sucks like an Electrolux". • The soft drink Fresca was marketed under that name in Mexico … before the company discovered that ‘fresca’ is a slang term for lesbian in parts of Mexico. • Pepsi used the slogan “Come Alive With Pepsi” in Taiwan … or so they thought. The
That is the extent to which the less powerful members of organizations and institutions (like the family) accept and expect that power is distributed unequally. This represents inequality (more versus less), but defined from below, not from above. It suggests that a society's level of inequality is endorsed by the followers as much as by the leaders. Võimudistants 2 Power distance scores are high for Latin, Asian and African countries and smaller for Germanic and Scandinavian countries. Võimudistants Lühiajaline vs pikaajaline suundumus This fifth dimension was found in a study among students in 23 countries around the world, using a questionnaire designed by Chinese scholars. It can be said to deal with Virtue regardless of Truth. Values associated with Long Term Orientation are thrift and perseverance; values associated with Short Term Orientation are respect for tradition, fulfilling social obligations, and protecting one's 'face'. Both the
sellest avalikult, ja järelikult tal on õigus abile riiklike, ühiskondlike või erateenistuste poolt. 12 9 . (2008). . [http://pravo.eup.ru/Documents/2003-10- 06/79B2.asp]. 3. Märts 2009 a. 10 . (2007). . [http://www.ormvd.ru/press/mag/256/260/7681]. 7. Märts 2009 a. 11 . . . (1975). . : , lk 8. 12 Viano E. (1996). Stereotyping and prejudice: crime victims and the criminal justice system . Scandinavian studies on crime and crime prevention. Oslo, Norway: Scandinavian University Press, lk 182. 10 Taolist kuriteo ohvri mõtestamist põhjendatakse järgmiste argumentidega: "Asutused, korporatsioonid, äriettevõtted ja inimgrupid võivad samuti olla viktimiseeritud ja seaduslikult omandanud ohvri staatuse", - kirjutas E. Viano ühes oma viimastes töödes. 13
1.1 · morphological · the complete Old-English inflectional system is simplified in Middle English; · loss of the strong inflexion of adjectives; · loss of grammatical gender; · emergence of the unified definite article `the.' · syntactical · replacement of the case functions by a fixed word order and prepositions. · lexical · first borrowing of French loan-words; · increased emergence of Scandinavian loan-words. · graphological · disappearance of Old English writing conventions;1.2 · increased use of Latin and Anglo-Norman. In general, Old English might be called a synthetic language, which uses inflectional morphemes to express the syntactical relationships. Middle English might be called an analytical language, which uses function words to constitute syntactical relationships. SHORTENING AND LENGTHENING IN MIDDLE ENGLISH
f- confer Latin adjectives for english nouns- nose-nasal, mouth-oral, sun-solar, Greek borrowings abbot, angel, apostle, bishop, school, cilinder, cycle, dialogue, cardiac, phonetic, gymnasium, biathlon, pentathlon, decathlon, olympic, diagnosis, prognosis, analysis, technology, epic, drama, poem, tragedy, comedy, theatre, epilogue, prologue, metaphor Celtic borrowings welsh, walloon, walnut, bannock, bin, brock, badger, caln, whiskey, lock, slogan, arthur, donald and mac. Scandinavian borrowings take, taken, grasp, catch, call, cast, hit, thrive, want, raise, endow, husband, fellow, gate, sky, ski, skirt, skin, plough, ill, ugly, law, thrall, beck, tharp, breed, and sorgasbord French borrowings law, culture, fashion, religion, odour, slent, king, queen, lord, lady, duke, duchess, baron, count, countess, page, marquis, prima, leisure, cards, chess, conversation, sport, veal, beef, mutton, venison, brown, parta, ham, gammon, question, mount, vapor, valentine, lone
Estonian cuisine The traditional cuisine of Estonia has substantially been based on meat and potatoes, and on fish in coastal and lakeside areas, but is influenced by many other cuisines by now. In the present day it includes a variety of international foods and dishes, with a number of contributions from the traditions of nearby countries. German, Scandinavian, Russian and other influences have played their part. The most typical foods in Estonia have been rye bread, pork, potatoes and dairy products. Estonian eating habits have historically been closely linked to the seasons. In terms of staples, Estonia belongs firmly to the beer, vodka, rye bread and pork "belt" of Europe. The Cold Table Flounder The first course in traditional Estonian cuisine is based on cold dishes - a selection of meats
and Middle Anglia. In the 9th century, the Viking challenge grew to serious proportions. Alfred the Great's victory at Edington, Wiltshire, in 878 brought intermittent peace, but with their possession of Jorvik the Danes gained a solid foothold in England. An important development in the 9th century was the rise of the Kingdom of Wessex; by the end of his reign Alfred was recognised as overlord by several southern kingdoms. Near the end of the 10th century, there was renewed Scandinavian interest in England, with the conquests of Sweyn of Denmark and his son Canute. By 1066 there were three lords with claims to the English throne, resulting in two invasions and the battles of Stamford Bridge and Hastings, the results of which established Anglo-Norman rule in England. Tudor England Tudor period was between 1485-1603. First King of Tudor period was Henry VII. He won the House of Lancaster in the War of Roses
Inglehart, R. & Norris, P. (2003). Rising Tide: Gender Equality and Cultural Change around the World. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Kalmus, V., Vihalemm, T. (2004). Eesti siirdekultuuri väärtused. V. Kalmus, M. Lauristin (toim.), Eesti elavik 21. Sajandi algul: ülevaade uurimuse Mina, Maailm, Meedia tulemustest. Tartu: TÜ Kirjastus, 3144. Kandolin, I., Narusk, A. (1996). Social wellbeing and gender: postsoviet Estonia and the welfare state Finland. Scandinavian Journal of Social Welfare 4, 127 Kinnunen, U., Loikkanen, E. & Mauno, S. (1995). Työn ja perheen vuorovaikutus: ongelmien yleisyys, syyt ja seuraukset. Jyväskylän yliopiston perhetutkimusyksikön julkaisuja 1995, 5. Leinsalu, M., Denny Vågerö, D. and Kunst, A. E. (2004). Increasing ethnic differences in mortality in Estonia after the collapse of the Soviet Union. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health 2004;58, 583589. Lorber, J. (1994). Paradoxes of Gender
Morocco, and other Mediterranean countries; and, more recently, residents of Suriname, also a former Dutch dependency and the Netherlands Antilles. Consequently, the country's population, particularly in the large cities, now includes several ethnic minorities. (3) 1.5 Language The official language is Dutch, but a second official language, Frisian, is spoken by approximately 500,000 people in the province of Friesland. Frisian bears some similarities to English and the Scandinavian languages. Dutch is the language of instruction in schools throughout the Netherlands. (6) 1.6 Interesting facts about Netherlands There are only 1,000 windmills left in Holland, one-tenth the original number. The Aalsmeer flower auction sells approximately 14 million flowers a day from all over the world. 5 There are approximately 14 million bicycles in Holland. 20 percent of Holland has been reclaimed from the sea
by Latvia (343 km), and to the east by the Russian Federation (338,6 km). The territory of Estonia covers 45,227 km² and is influenced by a temperate seasonal climate. The Estonians are a Finnic people closely related to the Finns, with the Estonian language sharing many similarities to Finnish. The modern name of Estonia is thought to originate from the Roman historian Tacitus, who in his book Germania (ca. AD 98) described a people called the Aestii. Similarly, ancient Scandinavian sagas refer to a land called Eistland, close to the German term Estland for the country. Early Latin and other ancient versions of the name are Estia and Hestia. Until the late 1930s, the name was often written as Esthonia in most English speaking countries. Estonia is a democratic parliamentary republic and is divided into fifteen counties. The capital and largest city is Tallinn. With a population of only 1.4 million, it is one of the least-populous members of the European Union. Estonia was
tribes and a Christian knights' order ,,Swordbrothers" that led the Estonians to a 500-year slavery. This was the first larger war on Estonians' territory. Estonians used different weapons and armor during that war. Simple weapons like war axes, maces, daggers and spears were smithed by Estonian blacksmiths, but more expensive and exotic weapons like swords, crossbows and most armor (an exception for the basic leather armor) were bought from Russian, Scandinavian or German merchants. Some weapons and most metal armor were taken looted from dead knights on the battlefields, so for the end of the war the Estonians were quite well armoured. But still, as we can see, they lost the war and were enslaved by the Germans for hundreds of years. Kasutatud kirjandus A. Adamson, S. Valdmaa ,,Eesti ajalugu" J. Selirand, E. Tõnisson ,,Läbi aastatuhandete" Internet: http://www.militaar.net, www.varbola.ee
diverse national and cultural groups. The two biggest ethnic groups are those of British and French extraction, and in fact the country is officially bilingual. Canada has the population of about 34 million. Only 44 % are of British descent; 32 % of French ancestry; 15 % of foreign origin. About 67 % of the people speak English, 26 % speak French and about 7 % some other tongue. There are many people of German, Italian, Ukrainian, Polish or of Scandinavian origin. The native people Indians and Inuits (Eskimos) , proud and free have been retreated, live in the North West territories, in the remote and lonely areas, which except a few settlements, and a few mines, is as God made it. Here the Indian is a nomadic hunter still. Here the Eskimo, in a Stone Age of his own. The number of Indians and Eskimos are about 380, 000 and 25,000 accordingly. Thanks to their rapid birth rate their number has increased during the 20th and 21st century.
was further consolidated. Alfred's son Edward, the Elder, and his sister defeated the Northumbrian Vikings. Edward took control of the Danelaw and ruled over the whole of England. The Danes were not driven out of the country, they were made subjects of Wessex. The descendants of the Danish conquerors became peaceful peasants & traders. They were skilful shipbuilders. They were not very different from the Anglo-Saxons. They had adopted their town. Many Scandinavian words came into the English language (happy, ugly, ill, weak etc.) The Saxons' Golden Age started when Athelstan (Alfred's grandson, Edward's son), won a great victory in 937 against an army of Irish Vikings, Scots & Stathclyde Britons. Athelstan was interested in good government. He ordered on coinage to be used throughout the land. The king was a collector of art & holy relics. After his death his successors, Edmund & Eadred, had to fight new Viking raiders. England
Thorn-letter (runic) and edh-letter (modified Latin d) for the // sound (close to t and d) used indiscriminately for both the voiceless and the voiced variant. Thorn, or orn (, ), is a letter in the Anglo-Saxon and Icelandic alphabets. It was also used in medieval Scandinavia, but was later replaced with the digraph th. The letter originated from a rune in the Elder Fuark, called thorn in the Anglo-Saxon and thorn or thurs ("Thor", "giant") in the Scandinavian rune poems, its reconstructed Proto-Germanic name being *Thurisaz. It has the sound of either a voiceless dental fricative, like th as in the English word thick, or a voiced dental fricative, like th as in the English word the. (In Modern Icelandic the usage is restricted to the former. The voiced form is represented with the letter eth (, ), though eth can be unvoiced, depending on its position within a sentence). Yogh-letter (cf yoke Estonian "ike") modified Latin g
Theatre and Music Museum http://www.istc.org/sisp/index.htm?fx=event&event_id=187120 Rabarock When: Jun 2009 (annual) Where: Järvakandi Sparks, on tour in support of new album Exotic Creatures of the Deep, and The Fall headline the Rabarock music festival in Järvakandi. In previous years the festival has been purely a rock festival, but this year sees it cater for more varied tastes. The lineup still features plenty for hard rock fans like Scandinavian acts Truckfighters, Los Bastardos Finlandeses and Kotiteollisuus. Electric Eel Shock, Black Lips and Danko Jones also rock pretty hard, while Vaiko Eplik & Eliit are an experimental local outfit. Krautrockinfluenced British band Fujiya & Miyagi offer a more spacey sound HOLIDAYS People's cultural activities are mostly based upon ancient traditions.The costums of the Estonians are those of the countryfolk, because rites usually sprang up in rular communities
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