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Lehekülgede arv dokumendis
2009-11-09
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Ken-Konrad Kerm
Õppematerjali autor
Tallinna Mustamäe Humanitargümnaasium Valeria Jefremenkova ENGLISH AS A GLOBAL LANGUAGE INGLISE KEEL KUI ÜLEMAAILMNE KEEL Research work Supervisor: Jevgenija Kozlova Tallinn 2016 1 Table of Contents СONTENT…………………………………………………………………………………...2 INTRODUCTION…………………………………………………………………………...3
Me and languages. To begin with, language is a congrecation of thoughts and feelings through a system of signals, such as voice sounds, gestures, or written symbols. Communication or language is a process every child learns from birth and during our life we will usually learn many different languages. Due to the fact that both of my parents are Estonians , my mother tongue is Estonian, therefore I can speak and write in it very fluently. I also prefer read the books in Estonian. I know that some people like to do it in some other languages, in English for instance. I am really amused by the Estonian literature. I like to read books and stories from Andrus Kivirähk and F.R. Kreutzwald.
Soviet Union in World War II. In Estonia the influence of the United States is felt the most in cultural sphere. We live in a society that is no longer limited by state borders when it comes to consuming different goods and media. The United States are not the only cultural imperialists, but I would say that in Estonia their influence is the biggest. American films, TV programs, pop music and brand labels are a big part of everyday life for almost every Estonian. Of course, it is not only the case of Estonia. Americanization is taking place all over the world. We could say, that we are just dealing with globalization, but since the most influence apparently comes from US and not equally from the rest of the world, I would say we rather deal with Americanization. Language is unquestionably an integral part of culture and through language people recognise their national identity
began teaching us French. But it was awkward and I'm not sure they themselves knew what they were doing or why. I can recall we cut out some pictures and glued them to a book and wrote some words up. I also recall the pronounciation was simplified for us, for example, they taught us "gööl" as the correct way to say "girl" etc. They never mentioned that it's not exactly correct... But well, then I switched schools and met the most important man of my life – my English teacher. He had three masters – in English, in German and in Physical Education. He had also written the school hymn. He was very stern with us and made us study like crazy. You made one tiny mistake, and it was "4", two mistakes made a "3" and so on. He was an awesome teacher. He said we can talk in his class as much as we want provided we do it in English. He also had us count the passing train cars in English, instead of Estonian. He made up the books himself, because there were none at
problems associated to them?); language use – tenor, mode and domain (what do these notions mean and what are some problems associated to them?). Register-analysis Language user vs. language use – the two main parameters of language change. Variability in the language user is further defined by three broad parameters: 1-Time- (when?) the time when the speaker or the writer lived. For example, if you were to translate a Dickens book from english to russian, you could use the same language as did Dostoyevsky, because they lived at the same time (19th century) 2-Region- The second parameter that defines the language user is region. Region refers to where the author/speaker (sometimes character) is from. May be on a broader scale – Middle East, Western world; but also narrower – Germany, Latvia, Minnesota; and even narrower – Conrwall, London, Pärnu, etc. Problems related to region (similar to the problems covered in previous
Finno-Ugric languages. Standard Estonian is based on the North-Estonian dialect. Estonian language sounds melodious, because 45 per cent of the sounds are vowels. Estonian is quite hard to learn but that is no problem for local inhabitants, because most of Estonians are hard-working and appreciate education. They are also cool and reserved, but also not too eager to open a conversation with a stranger. Estonia has rich culture. Music and dances have always played an important role in people's life. The most original part of Estonian folklore is the runic folksong. It was based on the alteration of long and short syllables. In different folksongs either men or women sang and the songs were often accompanied by a musical instrument. Today folksongs are often used by modern composers. A major change in Estonian culture occurred during the period of the National Awakening. Choirs and brassbands were founded in every corner of Estonia, it culminated with the 1 st Song Festival in 1869
“winning” linguistic form or in a language with higher social status Eg place names (Kolka , cf Est: kolgas (a remote place), In Latvia, Kura peninsula) Estonian substrate in the Baltic German language, Baltic hydronyms in Russia etc. Superstrate (so-called top layer): linguistic elements that have moved from a language with higher social status to a language with lower social status Eg Low German loans in Estonian, English words and phrases in Estonian Adstrate (so-called neighbouring layer): mutual influence of languages of equal status (eg Estonian-Latvian in the border area) 7. What is language ecology and what are its central concepts? The concept of ecology: the interaction of species/organisms with its environment/habitat; resilience. sociolinguistic ecology: the language policy of any community is revealed by its language
of mankind then the world would be boring. There would be no languages to learn, no foreign songs to sing and no joy of knowing that you can speak to a foreigner in his mother tongue. Also people are more friendly and open to you if they can speak freely in their mother language. But not protecting the minor languages can also be a good thing. As we know the world is globalising and the closest thing to a global language is English. Most of the internet and technology is in English, also lots of trading and business deals are written in English. Interesting is, that even in Estonia knowing and speaking English has come an expectation not a skill in the younger society, because in many jobs there is required to know a certain amount of English. In my opinion minor languages are the things that make small countries differ from other countries and that is something that people can be proud of. That is a major thing that brings
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