National symbols · The national flag of Scotland, known as the Saltire or St. Andrew's Cross, dates (at least in legend) from the 9th century, and is thus the oldest national flag still in use. Since 1606 the Saltire has also formed part of the design of the Union Flag. There are numerous other symbols and symbolic artefacts, both official and unofficial, including the thistle, the nation's floral emblem, the 6 April 1320 statement of political independence the Declaration of Arbroath, the textile pattern tartan that often signifies a particular Scottish clan, and the Lion Rampant flag . · Flower of Scotland is popularly held to be the National Anthem of Scotland, and is played at events such as football or rugby matches involving the Scotland national team · St Andrew's Day, 30 November, is the national day, although Burns' Night tends to be more widely observed. Tartan Day is a recent innovation from Canada
there and started to bring there African slaves. Tensions between American colonials and the British during the revolutionary period of the 1760s and early 1770s led to the American Revolutionary War. In 1775, the Continental Congress, convening in Philadelphia, established a Continental Army under the command of George Washington. Proclaiming that "all men are created equal" and endowed with "certain unalienable Rights," the Congress adopted the Declaration of Independence, drafted largely by Thomas Jefferson, on July 4, 1776. That date is now celebrated annually as America's Independence Day. After the American forces had defeated British forces the Independence of the United States was announced. George Washington was the first president of the United States of America. In World War I America tryed to be neutral but still joined the Allies forces which won the war. USA has always been one of the most liberate country in the world and there has always
in the Americas. From 1754 to 1761, Britain fought a war against the French and drove them out of North America. After that the Americans no longer needed Britain to defend them. Britain tried to tax the colonies but the Americans resisted. Fighting began. The colonies formed a Continental Congress in 1774. In 1776, the Continental Congress decided to break away from England, form an alliance with France, and form a Union of the colonies. Thomas Jefferson wrote a Declaration of Independence. It was adopted on July 4. This meant war. Britain lost the war and lost America. It recognized the United States as a separate country in 1783. When Independence was declared in 1776, the 13 colonies became 13 States. In each State, the elected Assembly became the basis for a democratic government. Throughout the 1800s, new States kept joining the Union. And America kept gaining new territories. Soon it stretched all the way to the Pacific Ocean.
As early as the 1670s, blacks formed a majority of the population. During its first 200 years of British rule, Jamaica became one of the world's leading sugar- exporting, slave-dependent nations, producing more than 77 000 tons of sugar annually between 1820 and 1824. The population in 1834 was 371 070 of whom 15 000 were white, 5 000 free black, 40 000 coloured or mixed race, and 311 070 slaves. Strong economic growth, averaging approximately 6% per annum, marked the first ten years of independence under conservative goverments which were led successively by Prime Ministers Alexander Bustamante, Donald Sangster and Hugh Shearer. The growth was fueled by strong investments in bauxite/alumina, tourism, manufacturing industry and, to a lesser extent, the agricultural sector. Economix deterioration continued into the mid-1980s; The first and third largest alumina producers, Alpart and Alcoa, Henry Morgan was a famous
and on that day, school children be assembled for appropriate exercises, with each child being given a small Flag. Two weeks later on May 8th, the Board of Managers of the Pennsylvania Society of Sons of the Revolution unanimously endorsed the action of the Pennsylvania Society of Colonial Dames. As a result of the resolution, Dr. Edward Brooks, then Superintendent of Public Schools of Philadelphia, directed that Flag Day exercises be held on June 14, 1893 in Independence Square. School children were assembled, each carrying a small Flag, and patriotic songs were sung and addresses delivered. In 1894, the governor of New York directed that on June 14 the Flag be displayed on all public buildings. With BJ Cigrand and Leroy Van Horn as the moving spirits, the Illinois organization, known as the American Flag Day Association, was organized for the purpose of promoting the holding of Flag Day exercises. On June 14th, 1894, under the
.. and much more besides. To make these things happen, EU countries set up bodies to run the EU and adopt its legislation. The main ones are: *the European Parliament (representing the people of Europe); *the Council of the European Union (representing national governments); *the European Commission (representing the common EU interest). Unfortunately affiliation to European Union empade independence in country. The EU support its companios if it's necesarry. The main authorities The European Parliament is the only directly-elected body of the European Union. The 736 Members of the European Parliament are there to represent you, the citizen. They are elected once every five years by voters right across the 27 Member States of the European Union on behalf of its 500 million citizens. Parliament plays an active role in drafting legislation which has an impact on
traditions). But it is belived that there was never an organized Celtic invasion.(Celts were too fragmented to make it happen) Iron Celts brought iron with them into Great Britain which made some big changes. Iron is stronger then bronze and iron ore is more common(it made tools and weapons better). One of the interesting innovations that they brough to Britain was the iron plough which changed a lot about the farming(made it easier). Iron changed trade and fostered local independence. Hadrian's wall was a defensive fortification in Roman Britain. Buliding of the wall started in 122 AD, during the rule of emperor Hadrian, it was the first of two fortifications built across Great Britain.(the second one was Antonine Wall) The function of the wall was to keep the enemy away. Hadrian's wall was added to the UNESCO's list of World Heritage Sites in 1987. It is about 115-120 km long. Christianity in Roman Britain - Christianity became the state religion of Roman Empire in 4
Data of New Zealand. · Capital - Wellington. · Largest city - Aucland. · Official languages - English, Maori, NZ Sign Language. · Government - Constitutional monarchy . · - Head of State Queen Elizabeth II . · - Governor-General Anand Satyanand . · - Prime Minister Helen Clark . · Independence from the UK in September 26, 1907. · Area- 268 680 km². Water (%)2.1. · Population - 4,143,279 . · Currency New Zealand dollar. New Zealand geography. · New Zealand is a country in the southwestern Pacific Ocean. · New Zealand comprises two main islands . · NZ has got many smaller islands. · NZ is mountanious country. The highest peak is Aoraki/Mount Cook at 3754 meters. · NZ have an active volcano Mount Ruapehu. · The climate throughout the country is mild,
2 square miles (341 hectares, or 843 acres) in the heart of Manhattan in New York City. It is host to approximately twenty-five million visitors each year. Central Park was opened in 1859, completed in 1873 and designated a National Historic Landmark in 1963. 3. The statue of Liberty. The Statue of Liberty officially titled Liberty Enlightening the World, dedicated on October 28, 1886, is a monument commemorating the centennial of the signing of the United States Declaration of Independence, given to the United States by the people of France to represent the friendship between the two countries established during the American Revolution. 4. Skyscrapers and the Stars and Stripes. 40 Wall Street: Built in 1929 as the headquarters of the Bank of Manhattan, this was intended to be the world's tallest building. The building became known for its 70th floor observatory and its 43 high-speed elevators. Stars and Stripes:
Gümnaasium Prague referaat Autor: Klass: Juhendaja: 2010 CONTENTS 1. Contents 2. Introduction 3. Compendium about Prague 4. Important about Czech Republic and Prague 5.-7. History 8. Independence 9. Main sights 10. the Czech Republic 11. List of famous people from Prague 12. Geography 13. Weather and climate 14. Population 15. Culture 2 INTRODUCTION The Czech Republic lies at the heart of Central Europe and at its center is the beautiful and historic city of Prague. With a population of some 1.3 million residents, the city lies on either side of the
Country's administrative system must be capable of applying EU laws and put them to use. According to Vahur Kraft, the leader of Estonian Nordea Bank, the euro creates many new opportunities for the country's economy and the society as a whole. Bo Kragh, the vice president of the Bank of Estonia, has a bit different point of view. He has said in his article that the euro takes away our financial independence. Kragh says the Bank of Estonia won't be an independent institution anymore and it will be a branch office of European Central Bank from now on. That won't change much for average persons though, but the state loses the opportunity to manage monetary policy independently. The importance of this concern is probably known to everyone, who is more or less interested in the future of our country and ourselves. Last few years there have
Columbus during his third voyage in 1498. In 1831 the three separate colonies became a single British colony known as British Guiana. Escaped slaves formed their own settlements known as Maroon communities, but with the abolition of slavery in 1834 many of the former slaves began to settle in urban areas. During the Second World War, the United States arranged for its airforce to use British airports in South America, including those in British Guiana. Guyana achieved independence from the United Kingdom in 1966 and became a republic on 23 February 1970. The main economic activities in Guyana are agriculture, bauxite mining, gold mining, timber, shrimp fishing and minerals. The sugar industry, which accounts for 28% of all export earnings, is largely run by Guysuco, which employs more people than any other industry. The production of balatá (natural latex) was once big business in Guyana, but most of the trees in
Public support for the Arts is the hallmark of a civilized society. Surely, the technology for all this isn't going to be very user-friendly. On the contrary. There'll be different levels of user-friendliness for different users. .... it's impossible to generalize about why people prefer married to single status. Rubbish! It must be possible to compare living together with someone to living on your own. What about the question of independence? 6.2 Using irony to express disagreement Besides, the production lines are often highly mechanized. Come off it! Agriculture in the Third World is still fairly labour intensive. Spend more time in Rwanda and you'll understand what I mean. Come on! The films we see on TV don't go that far. At least there's some censorship. Besides, it's such a cruel way to kill them. Do you really think so? Once the first dog had caught up with the fox,
The Aborigines arrived in Australia at about 40,000BC, from which Tasmania was cut off by rising water levels at around 8,000BC. Convicts started being transported to Australia in 1770 which was a disaster for the Aborigines. Captain cook arrived in Botany Bay and claimed Australia for Britain. The 18th century life was hard and even small crimes were severe in Britain. Sometimes prisoners would be sentenced to transportation. After the American War of Independence (17751783) transportation wasn't possible anymore and the government began looking for another place for the transportees which was selected to be Botany Bay. On 13.05.1787 11 ships set sail from Portsmouth. 759 convicts were on board, most of them guarded with Captain Arthur Philip in command.The reason for founding a colony in Australia wasn't the riddance of unwanted people. The British may have hoped to found a naval base in the Pacific, sources of timer and flax
Tallinn is a small port town in which the population is 371 000 people, and the area is only 159,2 km².( square kilometers). Tallinn, the capital of Estonia, is named after taani linnus, which means Danish castle. The Castle in question was built by King Waldemar of Denmark in the 13th century. The settlement quickly developed itself into a busy port. -The Old Town In medieval age Tallinn was called Reval and it was as big as the Tallinns Old Town is now. Uniqueness of Tallinn is that it is one of very few European cities, where the historical lay-out is kept in it's original form , and has a lot of monuments of that time. Thanks to that in 1997 Old Tallinn has been included in the list of a world heritage of UNESCO. -The Raekoja Square The Raekoja Square is used for senturies like market and fair square, here took place many festivals, and criminals were executed. In summer on Raekoja Square many open air conserts ...
Rowan Sebastian Atkinson is born 6 January 1955 and is an English actor, comedian, and screenwriter who is best known for his work on the sitcoms Mr. Bean and Blackadder. Atkinson (the youngest of four brothers) was born in Consett, County Durham, England. His parents were Eric Atkinson (a farmer and company director), and Ella May, who married on 29 June 1945. His three older brothers are Paul (who died as an infant), Rodney (a Eurosceptic economist who narrowly lost the United Kingdom Independence Party leadership election in 2000) and Rupert. He attended Newcastle University and Oxford University where he earned degrees in electrical engineering. (During that time, he met screenwriter Richard Curtis, with whom he wrote and performed comedy revues.) Later, he co-wrote and appeared in Not the Nine O'Clock News, which was a huge success and spawned several best-selling books. (He won the "British Academy Award" and was named "BBC Personality of the Year" for his performing on Not the
in a final spasm of ferocity. A stupefying record of greed and treachery, of heroism and pain, had come to an end, a record forever staining the immense history of the westward movement, which in its drama and tragedy is also distinctively and unforgettably American. Native Americans today have a special relationship with the United States of America. They can be found as members of nations, tribes, or bands of Native Americans who have sovereignty or independence from the government of the United States. Their societies and cultures still flourish amidst a larger immigrated American populace of African, Asian, European and Middle Eastern people. Native Americans, who were not already U.S. citizens, were granted citizenship in 1924 by the Congress of the United States..
4.4 Expressing high probability I expect that Japan could adapt. It has a highly skilled workforce and a good technological base. I believe you've been working on a transport policy for Britain. I doubt whether they could act as an effective deterrent while the detection rate is so low. I doubt that many other languages can match the size of the English dictionary. I doubt that this would ever happen. The BBC prides itself on its independence... I'd've thought they'd be very useful for children without brothers and sisters. I'd've thought that was obvious. They've lived through personal and family relationships. They're often experts on matters of health ranging from minor ailments to major operations. There now seems to be a general acceptance that Britain is a multi-racial society. 4.5 Expressing fair probability
nations of the Baltic States have developed deep distrust against their neighbours no matter how well-intentioned they try to appear. As we know, quite a few empires have used Messianism as a weapon to serve their own interests. As a rule, the powerful states make an effort to convince the conquered states of the fact that they actually provide support to the little ones who would not be able to survive without them. In case one of these small countries succeeds in gaining independence, the fear of possible occupation in future still remains. As for the problems of integration of the Russian community in the Republic of Estonia, it is very likely that the xenophobia of the local population has brought about the development of the closed Russian community. Clearly, it is a most paradoxical situation: on the one hand, xenophobia has helped us to preserve our culture and nation. On the other hand, xenophobia is by far not compatible
In 1999 Rushdie had an operation to correct ptosis, a tendon condition that causes drooping eyelids and that, according to him, was making it increasingly difficult for him to open his eyes. "If I hadn't had an operation, in a couple of years from now I wouldn't have been able to open my eyes at all," he said. Midnight's Children follows the life of a child, born at the stroke of midnight as India gained its independence, who is endowed with special powers and a connection to other children born at the dawn of a new and tumultuous (rahutu) age in the history of the Indian sub- continent and the birth of the modern nation of India. The character of Saleem Sinai has been compared to Rushdie.
individuals like Seán Ó Riada and Christy Moore. Irish and Scottish traditional music share some similar characteristics. The Republic of Ireland has done well in the Eurovision Song Contest, being the most successful country in the competition, with seven wins. In the 20th century, Irish architecture followed the international trend towards modern, sleek and often radical building styles, particularly after independence in the first half of the century. New building materials and old were utilised in new ways to maximise style, space, light and energy efficiency.
Most of England, Scotland, and Wales are on the island of Great Britain, as are their respective capital cities: London, Edinburgh, and Cardiff. The Kingdom of Great Britain resulted from the political union of the kingdoms of England and Scotland with the Acts of Union 1707 on 1 May 1707 under Queen Anne. In 1801, under a new Act of Union, this kingdom merged with the Kingdom of Ireland to create the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. After the Irish War of Independence most of Ireland seceded from the Union, which then became the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. The relatively limited variety of fauna and flora on the island is due to its size and the fact that wildlife has had little time to develop since the last glacial period. The high level of urbanisation on the island has contributed to a species extinction rate that is about 100 times greater than the background species extinction rate.
3. Their motto is In God We Trust. The national bird is the bald eagle. Symbols : The Lincoln Memorial, The White House, the Statue of Liberty (a gift from France 1886), Uncle Sam, the Jefferson Memorial, the Washington Monument. 4. America was discovered by Christopher Columbus in 1492. Christopher Columbus arrived in the „New World“ in 1492 and thought it was India and called the people Indians. 5. Thomas Jefferson, author of the Declaration of Independence and the third U.S. president, was a leading figure in America’s early development. During the American Revolutionary War (1775-83), Jefferson served in the Virginia legislature and the Continental Congress and was governor of Virginia. 6. The current constitution was adopted in 1788. The Constitution has been changed 26 times since 1789. 7. The main natrural resources in the United States of America are: oil shale, gold, coal, copper, iron, silver. 8
Normandy. Following the Battle of Hastings, the invading Normans and their descendants formed a distinct population in England. They later spoke what became the Anglo-Norman language. The Norman Conquest of England initiated a chain of events which started to move the Kingdom of Scotland away from its originally Gaelic cultural orientation. By the late 13th century, groups of Norman and Anglo-Norman families had been given Scottish lands. The invasion was peaceful. *The Scottish Wars of Independence 1286-1371 The Wars of Scottish Independence were a series of military campaigns fought between Scotland and England. The First War began with the English invasion of Scotland and ended with the signing of the Treaty of Edinburgh-Northampton. The Second War began with the English-supported invasion of Edward Baliol and ended with the signing of the Treaty of Berwick. The wars were part of a great national crisis for Scotland and the period became one of the most defining moments in
cases. Scots Law differs from England's common law system. National symbols The Flag of Scotland, known as the Saltire or St. Andrew's Cross, dates (at least in legend) from the 9th century, and is thus the oldest national flag still in use. The Saltire now also forms part of the design of the Union Flag. There are numerous other symbols and symbolic artefacts, both official and unofficial, including the thistle, the nation's floral emblem, the 1320 statement of political independence the Declaration of Arbroath, the textile pattern tartan that often signifies a particular Scottish clan, and the Lion Rampant flag.Flower of Scotland is popularly held to be the National Anthem of Scotland, and is played at events such as football or rugby matches involving the Scotland national team. However, since devolution, more serious discussion of the issue has led to this being disputed. Language Historically, Scottish people have spoken many different languages and dialects
Estonia lies on the eastern shores of the Baltic Sea on the level northwestern part of the rising east European platform. Estonia is a flat country covering 46 226 square kilometers.Estonian's neighbours are Finland, Sweden, Latvia and Russia. Estonia is rich in islands. The two largest are Saaremaa and Hiiumaa . Saaremaa is famous for its big meteorite crater called Kaali and Hiiumaa is famous for its nature and plants. The countries highest point Big Egg hill ( Suur- Munamägi) reaches 318 meters above sea level. Estonia has many uplands too. The uplands are: Pandivere upland, Otepää upland, Vooremaa upland, Karula upland Haanja upland, Sakala upland. Estonia is covered by about 18 000 square kilometers of forest. Estonia is also rich in lakes and rivers The largest lake is Peipsi and the second-largest lake is Võrtsjärv. The largest river is Võhandu whinch is 162 meters long. Estonia has many national parks. A national park is a p...
1. The National Mall is a large, open park area in the center of the city. Located in the center of the Mall is the Washington Monument. Also located on the mall are the Lincoln Memorial, the National World War II Memorial at the east end of the reflecting pool, the Korean War Veterans Memorial, the Vietnam Veterans Memorial, and the Albert Einstein Memorial. The National Archives houses thousands of documents important to American history including the Declaration of Independence, the United States Constitution, and the Bill of Rights. Located directly south of the mall, the Tidal Basin features rows of Japanese cherry blossom trees that were presented as gifts from the nation of Japan. The Franklin Delano Roosevelt Memorial, Jefferson Memorial, and the District of Columbia War Memorial are located around the Tidal Basin. 2. The Smithsonian Institution is an educational foundation chartered by Congress in
They arrived by a way of a land bridge that once connected Asia and North America at what is now Alaska. In 1497, John Capot, an Italian navigator in the service of England found rich fishing grounds off Canada's southeast coast. France took the lead in exploring the country and set up a colony in eastern Canada in the early 1600's. Great Britain gained control of the country in 1763 and thousands of British immigrants began to join the French who remained in Canada. Canada gained its independence from Britain in 1931. Position/area Canada is the second largest country in the world. Canada extends across the continent of North America, from Newfoundland to British Columbia. Over 5000 km of border separate Canada and the United States. Climate/Land The northern part of Canada has very long, cold winters. Over most of the rest of Canada the winter are longer and colder than in the United States. Only in the southern part and on the
The statue, the island and the nearby Ellis Island were declared a national monument in 1924. The statue symbolizing liberty is in the form of a woman wearing flowing robes and a spiked crown holding a torch in her right hand and carries a book inscribed "July 4, 1776 in her left. Broken chains, symbolizing the overthrow of tyranny, lie at her feet. The Statue was given by France to the United States to commemorate the century of U.S. independence in 1876. The statue is one of the largest in the world and is 93.5m tall. The statue has become a global symbol of freedom, marking the arrival of millions of immigrants to the U.S. 10 Materials http://www.photius.com/wfb1999/united_states/united_states_geography.html http://www.kidport.com/RefLib/UsaHistory/UsaHistoryIndex.htm http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States 11
were never defined in terms of racial purity. Spanish America The racially-based caste system was in force throughout the Spanish colonies in the Americas, since the 16th century. By the 19th century, this discrimination and the example of the American Revolution and the ideals of the Enlightenment eventually led the Spanish American criollo elite to rise up against the Spanish rule. With the support of the lower classes, they engaged Spain in the Mexican War of Independence (18101821) and the South American Wars of Independence (18101826), which ended with the break-up of former Spanish Empire in America into a number of independent republics. Philippines The Spanish caste system based on racial ancestry was enforced in the Philippines during the Spanish colonial period, with minor differences. The terms criollo was used with the same sense as in Spanish America, namely for a person born in the Philippines with entirely Spanish
country and so for many years England and France fought for the right to be the masters of the new land. In 1759 the English captured the French fortress of Louisbourg. Then Quebec lay unprotected. After the winning of Quebec they conquered Montreal and the French rule came to an end. The English allowed the French to keep their Roman Catholic religion, civil law system and language so they would not try to break away from Britain. After the American War of Independence immigrants from Britain began to arrive, among them there were also poor Irishmen and Scotsmen. Indeed, all the Canadians except the Indians and Eskimos, are really immigrants or their descendants. Canada is politically a young country. In 1967 the people celebrated its first century of independence. It was on the first of July, 1967, that four provinces of British North America joined together and formed the Dominion of Canada. Geographical facts
Emajõe Ööbik, (The Nightingale of the Emajõgi [the Mother River]) 1867 Patriotism Started building a library Lydia Koidula Lived 1843-1886 ,,Lydia of the Dawn" Referred to as Koidulaulik 'Singer of the Dawn'. Emajõe Ööbik, (The Nightingale of the Emajõgi [the Mother River]) 1867 Patriotism Started building a library Had a role in Estonian independence Memory of Lydia Koidula Memorial stone for Lydia Koidula Memorial Museum of Lydia Koidula in Pärnu Was on Estonian's crown bank note Memory of Lydia Koidula Memorial stone for Lydia Koidula Memorial Museum of Lydia Koidula in Pärnu Was on Estonian's crown bank note Influence on other writers Have given a big influence to our nowadays writers Motivation and inspiration Nowadays writers Merle Jääger a.k.a Merca (Punk poetry) Diana Leesalu (Youth novels)
LONDON HISTORY PERIOD EVENTS PEOPLE The Celtic period (400 BC Name: Celtic words (Llyn (a lake) + AD 43) Dun (a fort or strong place) ) Not important The Roman occupation (AD 43 Londinium not important Boadicea a revolt against - AD 410) politically. An important trading the Roman conquest centre. Devastation AD 61. Rebuilt. Roman walls built in AD 200. Anglo Saxons (AD 400 Destroyed the Roman towns. Many 1066) kingdoms. London in ruins. King Egbert one Flourishing. Attacks by Vikings. kingdom England (the 9th ...
Essay : What age you would choose to be if you could stay the same age forever ? Appearance Health Daily routine Health Independence Winsdom Do you really want to live forever, forever and ever? What’s the use of everlasting life if we can’t maintain a youthful spirit? Better to die with a hopeful eye on the future than to have such a long empty difficult life though eternity. To begin with ,if most of us one day have the opportunity to extend our lives indefinitely, how will that change the dynamics of society and culture? A typical
safety and accessibility requirements. The authentic setting of the inscribed World Heritage property includes some significant architecture from the late 19th century and early 20th century including theatres and schools as well as a number of exceptional wooden suburbs which form an integral part of the historic, urban fabric round Tallinn Old Town. Until recently the survival of the wooden quarters was threatened by unclear ownership in the years following independence and in a general indifference to the qualities they offered residents. This latter could be seen in a lack of maintenance, and inappropriate upgrading and repair approaches. Today however the situation is turned around and these wooden areas are much valued, and adequate measures are in place to maintain their authenticity.
of the English King Malcolm´s accession to the throne is the The Anglo-Norman invasion of Scotland Queen Margaret invited the Anglo-Normans to settle in They gave the Scottish king some land, anglo- normans pledged loyalty to that They established themselves in Scotland and built castles where Scottish kings would hide in trouble Some Scottish nobles came to live under The English King The Scottish Wars of independence 1286-1371 Edward I was intent to exert his overlordship over Scotland In 1286 he got the opportunity when King Alexander III died and his heiress Edward considered himself The Lord Paramount of Scotland and made John Balliol the king Edward began active interference in affairs, legal cases, keeping taxes John rebelled against him, Edward went to punitive expedition in Scotland, they were defetaed in the battle of Bannockburn
enthronement of John Balliol as king. The Scots were resentful of Edward's meddling in their affairs and this relationship quickly broke down. War ensued and King John was deposed by his overlord, who took personal control of Scotland. Andrew Moray and William Wallace initially emerged as the principal leaders of the resistance to English rule in what became known as the Wars of Scottish Independence. The nature of the struggle changed dramatically when Robert de Brus, Earl of Carrick, became king (as Robert I). War with England continued for several decades, and a civil war between the Bruce dynasty and their long-term Comyn-Balliol rivals, the flashpoint of which could be traced to the slaying in a Dumfries church of John 'the Red' Comyn of Badenoch by Bruce and his supporters, lasted until the middle of the 14th century
First, a general overview on the countries will be given. After, economic indicators (real GDP growth rate, inflation, unemployment, household consumption, investment, current account, government budget and deficit) of the three countries will be compared to draw a conclusion. 2 Country Specs 2.1 Finland 2.1.1 Background Finland was a province and then a grand duchy under Sweden from the 12th to the 19th centuries, and an autonomous grand duchy of Russia after 1809. It won its complete independence in 1917. During World War II, it was able to successfully defend its freedom and resist invasions by the Soviet Union albeit with some loss of territory. In the subsequent half century, the Finns made a remarkable transformation from a farm/forest economy to a diversified modern industrial economy; per capita income is now among the highest in Western Europe. A member of the European Union since 1995, Finland was the only Nordic state to join the euro system at its
masters. The first Arab League was put together and thanks to the Second World War the Brits and French were weaker and gave the nationalists an advantage. So the nationalist oraganised riots and with the help of US and USSR (which were against colonial power) they managed to free some of the countries under the French and British power. b)The Front de la Liberation Nationale aka FLN was a merger of other smaller groups and the Organisation Secrete, to obtain independence for Algeria from France. It grew into an army and declared a war copying the tactics that the French used during German occupation. The FLN was quite successful and managed to free some colonies (pouring a lot of blood in the process of coarse ). c) General de Gaulle led the Free French Forces in the Second World war and later became the president of the French Fift Republic. He decided to end the war between France and Algeria, that
Lennart Meri Lennart Meri was a writer, film director and statesman who served as the second President of Estonia. Meri was a leader of the Estonian independence movement. His lifestory: Lennart Georg Meri was born in Tallinn, 29 March 1929, a son of the Estonian diplomat and later translator Georg Meri, and Estonian Swedish Alice-Brigitta Engmann. Because his father was a diplomat, Lennart left Estonia at an early age and studied abroad, in nine different schools and in four different languages. In addition to his native Estonian, Lennart Meri fluently spoke five other languages: Finnish, French, German, English and Russian.
PHYSICAL EDUCATION Physical education has long been a staple in schools on a K-12 level and beyond, with all students required to participate in some form of physical education. Also referred to as "gym class" students participated in activities such as team sports, (volleyball, soccer, basketball, etc.) walking or running (running a mile was common), cardiovascular and strength training exercises (such as pull-ups and push-ups) and even swimming. Physical education provides children with an opportunity to exercise during the day. It gives children early exposure to team sports, and promotes good physical fitness. Children who participate in physical education get a workout, and they also learn the importance of exercise as a lifelong habit. Physical education is clearly an important course in schools, with many benefits for children. In addition to helping kids learn healthy habits and stay off drugs, physical education ca...
way to non-urban environments, burning large bonfires, and participating in the drunken revelry of Jaaniõhtu The Estonian Christmas, is generally in line with the Northern and Central European traditions of Christmas trees,Advent calendars, and traditional meals, involving a number of dishes that are typically only eaten on Christmas. Christmas is the most extensive, appreciated, and commercialized holiday in Estonia. Estonian Independence Day is the 24th of February and a national holiday. The Estonian Song Festival is one of the largest amateur choral events in the world. It is held every five years in July on the Tallinn Song Festival Grounds. The national symbols of Estoniaare flags, coat of arms National symbols of Estonia Estonia Blue cornflower The Estonian Coat of Arms blue: vaulted blue sky above the native land;
Personal statement ,,Whatever course you decide upon, there is always someone to tell you that you are wrong. There are always difficulties arising which tempt you to believe that your critics are right. To map out a course of action and follow it to an end requires courage." - Ralph Waldo Emerson This quato, mentioned before, gives me confidence to do great things myself in life and pursue them into bigger ones one day ahead. In these moments i like to remember what Napoleon Hill once said: ,,If you can´t do great things, do small things in a great way." The things is, that everyone has to start somewhere, to find their own way in this life-that is the reason why i am writing this letter at this very moment, to let you know, that i am ready to make a change. To introduce myself, i would use one word-determined. I am 19 years old girl from Estonia and i live in two cities at the same time. During...
Positive sides of outdoor learning Essay "Tell me and I forget. Teach me and I remember. Involve me and I learn." Benjamin Franklin In the last few years outdoor education has become more and more popular worldwide and in Estonia too. While there are many definitions for outdoor education, I think the best way to describe it would be outdoor education is a form of education, when learning takes place somewhere else than a classroom and the subjects are not only about the environment and nature but also linked to the national curriculum. Outdoor education often takes place on a walk around the block, a visit to the cemetery or a local post office. It can happen at a city zoo, on a forest trail, or in a national park. These kinds of locations are conducive to first- hand experien...
Legends of the Fall Jim Harrison Kasper Keps 11c About the author James "Jim" Harrison Born in December 11, 1937 in Grayling , Michigan. American author known for his poetry, fiction, essays, reviews, and writings about food Blind in one eye since childhood (left eye) . He was educated at Michigan State University where he received his B.A. (1960) and M.A. (1964) in comparative literature Married and has two daughters. Has written over 50 books. Main Characters COL. WILLIAM LUDLOW - Idealistic, formalistic, rational, stong willed, so principled that he left his job because of unethical behavor in the army, it's almost obsessive to him that Indians get treated properly; wrote a book to the government objecting to their policy. TRISTAN LUDLOW - Adventurer and smuggler who loves his freedom so much that he lives like an indian, his long hairs and horse ridi...
possibilities for everyone to share information to the masses makes us believe that media is a just a tool for news reporting. The reality is that public media is a powerful instrument that shapes the public opinion. The examples of deceiving entire populations with media can be found during the wars and into the present day Europe. Large corporations are formed that try to control the entire industries making the people believe in diversity and independence of publications. So while many there have been many developments, the means of deception are still the same. Media is used to make people believe the benefits of some political views or products. The theories of Hitler, who stated that telling a big enough lie will make people believe it, are still valid. REFERENCES ,,Concentration" (1980). Many Voices, One World, Part IV, ch 4. London, New York and Paris, Kogan Page, Unipub and Unesco. Habermas, Jürgen, (1991)
THE CAPITALIST NIGER Chika Onyeani ………………………Every African must internalise this book - period….DAA INTRODUCTION In October 1960, Nigeria received its independence from Britain. By then, Ghana the former Gold Coast had been independent for three years under the great Osagyefo Kwame Nkumah. It was a time for celebrating Africa’s coming of age, as more and more African countries received their independence either from Britain or France. It was especially a poignant time for Africa, as then British Prime Minister Harold McMillan articulated his now famous “winds of change” sweeping Africa. We had high hopes for Africa, for the Black race, that the insidious imposition of foreign rule on us, the looting of Africa’s natural resources by our colonial masters accorded us would be things of history. That is more than forty years ago
humanitaarset abi kodusõja tõttu ümberpaisatud rwandalastele. Septembriks oli 1 United Human Rights Council. Genocide in Rwanda. Acessed 07.06.2010. [http://www.unitedhumanrights.org/genocide/genocide_in_rwanda.htm] 2 Rwanda 1994 – before the genocide. Acessed 05.06.2010. [http://www.ppu.org.uk/genocide/g_rwanda.html] 3 William H. Worger; Nancy L. Clark; Edward E. Alpers. Africa and the West: a documentary history from the slave trade to independence. Phoenix: Oryx Press, c2001, lk. 410. 4 Rwanda – UNAMIR. Historical background. Acessed 05.06.2010. [http://www.un.org/en/peacekeeping/missions/past/unamirFT.htm] 5 United Nations. Department of Public Information. Basic facts about the United Nations. New York, 1995, lk. 46-47. 4 rahvusvaheline kommuun teinud sissemakseid saja miljoni dollari ulatuses.6 1993. aasta 22
2000. Engineering products and equipment manufactured in Estonia range from cables, mobile phones and computers to security equipment for cars, laboratory equipment, different hoists and other equipment for different industries. The economic changes of the 1990s had an especially severe effect on the chemical industry as many of the enterprises were oriented to the Soviet military industry and their products became unnecessary after Estonia regained its independence. The principal part of it is constituted by the export of petroleum products from Russia. Other Russian goods that have been transported through Estonia are grain and fertilizers. Another important area is passenger shipping which is directly linked to tourism. The Estonian national air company Estonian Air has also proven successful as it has managed to increase both cargo volumes and the number of passengers. A large part of freight transport is still done by road
national hero. ● Koluvan - found in old Russian chronicles, the name possibly deriving from the Estonian mythical hero Kalev ● Reval - used after 1219; comes from two german words ‘reh’ and ‘fall’, meaning the falling of the deer - as they fall down the Toompea hill, probably when escaping from the Danish occupation or just the hunters. ● Tallinn - used after Estonia gained its independence in 1918, origin is definitely estonian; meaning Taani-linn, tali- linn. Liberty Square ● The central square of Tallinn, it was renovated in 2008. There used to be Harju gate, which can now be seen through glass. ● The statue of Liberty, 2009; represents freedom, Estonia has been under many foreign powers, starting with Danes, Sweden, German and Russia. The clock of liberty, 2004. Kiek in de Kök ● The cannon tower, founded in 1475-1483
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