They were tall and had fair or red hair and blue eyes. They knew how to work with iron. They are the ancestors of many people living in Britain today. Celtic languages are still spoken today. The Celts lived in tribes which were ruled by a chief. They did a lot of trading and the main trading centres were the capitals of England and Scotland. The Celtic tribes were ruled over druids who memorised religious teaching, tribal laws, history etc. The Romans The Romans invaded Britain because The Celts of Britain helped the Celts of Gaul to fight the Romans and because Britain had become a great food producer. Romans brought reading and writing skill to Britain. In 43AD they occupied Britain but they couldn't conquer Scotland and built a wall to it's border Hadrian's wall. 409AD the last roman legions left the island. Roman Life There were 3 types of towns in Roman Britain. Two of them were established by
материала, закрепление словаря и развитие навыков ведения беседы по тематике пособия. Пособие предназначено для студентов гуманитарных специальностей. Подготовлено на факультете лингвистики. The book contains an overview of the most important events in British history – from the first documented invasions of the island to the formation and fall of the British colonial empire. A series of exercises will help to remember the subject matter, practise the vocabulary and contribute to skills work. The book is intended for the Humanities students. Вавилов Н.А., 2008 3 4 Contents 5 ПРЕДИСЛОВИЕ
* these cities depended for their growths on surrounding mines and metal production, which started during the days of the Industrial Revolution * the flag is of Wales bears a Red Dragon (it is not represented on the Union Jack) Northern Ireland: * the capital city is Belfast * 54% of people regard themselves as Protestants and 42% as Roman Catholics * the flag is called the Saint Patrick's Cross 2) History Prehistoric Britain, Roman Britain, Anglo-Saxon, Danish, Norman invasions (...-1066): Britain was part of the European land mass until the end of the last Ice Age. It became an island by about 6000 BC. From about 3000 to 2000 BC the British Isles were inhabited by a group of people called the Iberians. These Stone Age people lived in limestone caves, they used stone axes and fashioned antlers and bones into leather-working tools. Later groups of people from
of Normandy, was crowned the king onf England(william the conqueror) o In 1086 the domesday book was completed- a complete catalogue of who owned what in the country o The french language became dominant o The normans imposed a strict feudal system (anglo-saxons were the peasants who were under the norman nobles and barons) o Built castles, cathedrals Three facts about the history of parliament It was in the medieval period that Parliament began its gradual evolution into the democratic body which it is today. The word 'parliament', which comes from the French word parler (to speak), was first used in England in the thirteenth century to describe an assembly of nobles called together by the king. It was divided into two houses during the reign of Henry VII: the House of Commons and the House of Lords. The class system
th western Scotland, until 10 c Mysteriously disappeared Constantly fought with Romans Teir country- Caledonia- Pictland The Scots, Hibernia Raiders, Celts living in Ireland/Hibernia Migrated to Scotland Raided Roman Britain After Kenneth McAlpin united Scotland all inhabitants became Scots The Venerable Bede A monk in the Northumbrian monastery of Jarrow In 731 ,,The Great Ecclesiastical History of the English People"- overshaows all other sources of 7th, early 8th C Well-founded scraps of tradition, first work of history, where AD system is used Angles, Saxons, Jutes. Frisians 430´s onwards, Germans settlers arrived in large numbers. Anglo-Saxon invasions in 499 The Saxons- Saxon country to South and West The Angles- Angulus to East Anglia, Jutes in Kent Same culture as southern Scandinavia, Germany, northern France
leading tourist destinations. The industry is a big business and now about 2 million people are employed in this area. The majority of tourists come from Western Europe. It is good to travel all over Britain because there is a good railway and road network. It is also possible to travel by inland waterways. People come to Britain because the things that you can see there are very famous all over the world e.g. Stonehenge, Big Ben and of course the magnificent natural beauty. History. Britain was connected to the European mainland by a land bridge until the end of the last Ice Age. Afterwards the ice started to melt and oceans began to rise and the connection was covered with water. Britain became a separate island in about 6000 BC. From about 3000 to 2000 BC the British Isles were inhabited by a group of people called the Iberians. These Stone Age people lived in limestone caves, used stone axes and bones as tools.
In Hadrian's time the ancient race called the Scots inhabited Hibernia (now called Ireland). Irish and Scottish missionaries were spreading Christianity in Anglo-Saxon England during the 6th centurie. The Latin term Scotti refers to the Gaelic-speaking people of Ireland and the Irish who settled in western Scotland. *The Venerable Bede Bede was a Christian monk, he was the most learned man in Europe at that time. He is remembered mainly for his "Ecclesiastical History of the English People." This five volume work records events in Britain from the raids by Julius Caesar to the arrival of the first missionary from Rome. Bede's writings are considered the best summary of this period of history ever prepared. Some have called it "the finest historical work of the early Middle Ages." *The coming ofe the Angles, Saxons, Jutes, Frisians to Britain Very little is known about
By 660 only Sussex & the Isle of Wight had not accepted the new faith. Latin became the language of the Church. From the end of the 8th cent. and during the 9th & 10th centuries Western Europe was attacked by new barbarians who came from the North Norway, Sweden & Denmark and were called Northmen. In different countries they were known as the Vikings, the Normans, the Danes. As England was more often raided from Denmark, the new invaders came to be known in English history as the Danes, the Norwegians invaded Ireland & Scotland. The Danes were of the same Germanic race as the Anglo-Saxons, but they still lived in tribes, were pagans. The Danes were well armed with long swords, spears, daggers, axes, bows, iron helmets & chain armour. Their ships were sailing-boats, but they were also provided wiht oars. The sails were often red & blue & green. At the prow of the ship there was usually a carved dragon's head which rose high out of the water
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