Austraalia ajalugu (0)

The history of Australia
Romet Tagobert
The Australians have lived through many wars, revolutions and governmental problems, leaders, but they've only yet to break down.
The Aborigines arrived in Australia at about 40,000BC, from which Tasmania was cut off by rising water levels at around 8,000BC. Convicts started being transported to Australia in 1770 which was a disaster for the Aborigines. Captain cook arrived in Botany Bay and claimed Australia for Britain . The 18th century life was hard and even small crimes were severe in Britain. Sometimes prisoners would be sentenced to transportation. After the American War of Independence (1775-1783) transportation wasn't possible anymore and the government began looking for another place for the transportees which was selected to be Botany Bay.
On 13.05.1787 11 ships set sail from Portsmouth. 759 convicts were on board , most of them guarded with Captain Arthur Philip in command.The reason for founding a colony in Australia wasn't the riddance of unwanted people. The British may have hoped to found a naval base in the Pacific , sources of timer and flax. They arrived on 26.01.1788. Things were hard for them and food was short. Things gradually improved and a second and third fleet arrived in years 1790 and 1791. Convicts worked on government land but since 1973 those who behaved well were freed and given land. The first free settlers arrived also that year .
Relatively few new people were sent to Australia during the long wars with France from 1793 to 1815. The second governor was John Hunter in 1795-1800 and he was followed by Philip King . Under King the first colonists settled in Tasmania in 1803 , Tasmania was then called Van Diemens Land. In 1813 a path was discovered through the Blue Mountains, that enabled them to spread inland. By 1825 the White population of Australia was about 25,000 with Tasmania having 4,500. The transportation location was again changed to Western Australia and it continued till 1868. The system of granting land ended in 1831 . From then on land was sold .
The rebellions in Australia started in the beginning of the 19th century in March 1804. Some Irish convicts led by Philip Cunningham took part in a rebellion at Castle Hill .
The rebellion quickly collapsed upon a battle with government soldiers and the leaders were hanged . A second rebellion occurred in 1808. William Bligh was made governor in 1806 and at that time rum was used as currency, which he forbade. A group of soldiers led by Major George Johnston arrested him. He was held prisoner until he agreed to leave Australia, however soon after Johnston set sail, he decided to return .
In 1797 Merino sheep were brought to Australia, booming the number of sheep quickly. There was a huge demand for their wool and by 1850 there were 13 million sheep in New South Wales. By then, half of the wool woven in Britain came from Australia/Tasmania.
In 1798 George Bass and Matther Flinders proved Van Diemen's land was seperate from the mainland. The first settlers arriving in Van Diemen's land arrived in 1803. There was a whaling industry in the Bass Strait in the 19th century. Shipbuilding also grew up in Hobard in the mid-19th century. In 1825 Tasmania was seperated from Australia for administrative purposes and transportation ended in 1853 . Soon tin was discovered and a new industry grew. The population of Tasmania grew fast. The University of Tasmania was founded in 1890.
In Tasmania, Whites killed many Aborigines during the ' Black War' of the 1820s. Others died of diseases. The 'war' between Whites and Aborigines began in 1804 with the 'battle' of Risdon Cove . The Governor from 1824 to 1837 was George Arthur. He declared martial law hoping to end the war between them. His attempts failed. And only few survivors were left .