Independence Day On 24 February, Independence Day is celebrated in the Rebublic of Estonia. This is the day that the Manifesto was declared in Tallinn 91 years ago. In responce to a period of Russification initiated by the Russian empire in the 1890's, Estonian nationalism took on more political tones, with intellectuals first calling for greater autonomy, and later, complete independence from the Russian empire. Following the Bolshevik takeover of power in Russia after the October Revolution of 1917 and German victories against the Russian army, between the Russian Red Army's retreat and the arrival of advancing German troops, the Committee of Elders of the Maapäev issued the Estonian Declaration of Independence in Pärnu on February 24, 1918. after winning the Estonian Liberation War against Soviet Russia and at the same time German Freekorps
February 24: Independence Day The Republic of Estonia was founded on February 24, 1918 when the Salvation Committee, Päästekomitee, declared the independence of the Republic of Estonia. This date was celebrated as the Day of Independence until the Soviet occupation of Estonia in 1940. During the Soviet occupation, the Independence Day was festively celebrated in Estonian communities around the world. Every year, the US Secretary of State sent greetings on the occasion to the Ambassador of the Republic of Estonia to the United States, Ernst Jaakson. On February 24, 1989, the red flag of Soviet Estonia was replaced by the blue-black-white Estonian national flag on Toompea and since that time the Independence Day has been celebrated as a public holiday again
The ultimate goal was international communist revolution and Germany was the first standing on their way. Thus on November 13, 1918 the Government of Soviet Russia denounced peace with Germany. On November 16 the Commander-in-Chief of the Red Army, Jukums Vacietis, gave orders to start a massive attack on a long front from the Gulf of Finland to the Ukraine. On November 28, two divisions of the Red Army (altogether 12,000 troops) crossed the Estonian border. The War of Independence had begun. The situation of the Estonian Republic was rather desperate. Organizing of the army had just begun and less than 2,000 men could be sent to the front (without a single cannon). However, the Government headed by Prime Minister Konstantin Päts decided not to give up without a fight. During the first month of war Estonian soldiers were forced to retreat and the Red Army was able to occupy North- and South-Eastern Estonia. The university town of Tartu soon fell
Independence day of Estonia Independence Day, officially known as Eesti Vabariigi aastapäev is a federal holiday in Estonia when it declared independence in 1918 February 24: Independence Day The Republic of Estonia was founded on 24 February 1918, when the Salvation Committee (Päästekomitee) declared the independence of the Republic of Estonia. A Quest for Independence The 1917 revolution and the generally unstable situation in Russia created the opportunity for Estonia to gain its independence. Celebration of the 95th Anniversary of the Proclamation of the State Independence of the Republic of Estonia Saturday, 23 February 11.00 Placing of wreaths on the graves of Estonian state figures 13.00 Handing out of state decorations by President of the Republic Toomas Hendrik Ilves Sunday, 24 February 07
New Year's Eve is celebrated with large fireworks displays throughout the country, especially in the cities. People over 18 are allowed to buy fireworks, which are sold by local stores or by private persons. While watching or lighting up fireworks at midnight, people usually drink champagne. This day is also the occasion to make bonfires of discarded Christmas trees in some countries. Before new year people gives promises for coming year. Independence Day An Independence Day is an annual celebration commemorating the anniversary of a nation's assumption of independent statehood, usually after ceasing to be a colony or part of another state, more rarely after the end of a military occupation. In Estonia it's celebrated on February 24.Estonia got independence from the Bolshevist Russia in 1918.Estonia regain independence in 1991 from NSVL when it fall a part. People make some preparations before Independence Day, like they look up if they have a flag
The Estonian War of Independence The Estonian War of Independence began with the attack of the Red Army of the Soviet Russia on Narva on the 28 November 1918 and lasted until a ceasefire on the 3 January 1920 (juridically until the 2 February 1920). In the War of Independence, Estonia received support from the UK, Finland, Latvia and the White Russian Northwestern Army. In the defence of the independent statehood of Estonia in the battlefield participated at least 130 students and 11 teachers of the Gymnasium for Boys, which was the name for Gustav Adolf Grammar School at that time. Johan Laidoner has said that it was the schoolboys who brought "the belief, that we would win and that is the greatest gift they have given to the Republic during its birth
The capital and largest city is Tallinn. With a population of only 1.4 million, it is one of the least- populous members of the European Union. Estonia was a member of the League of Nations from 22 September 1921, has been a member of the United Nations since 17 September 1991, of the European Union since 1 May 2004 and of NATO since 29 March 2004. Estonia has also signed the Kyoto protocol. Estonia regained its independence on 20 August 1991. It has since embarked on a rapid program of social and economic reform. Today, Estonia has gained recognition for its economic freedom, its adaptation of new technologies and as one of the world's fastest growing economies. Estonia lies on the eastern shores of the Baltic Sea immediately across the Gulf of Finland. Average elevation reaches only 50 meters and the country's highest point is the Suur Munamägi in the southeast at 318 meters. Estonia has over 1,400 lakes
Lennart Meri Lennart Meri was a writer, a film director and a statesman who served as the second President of Estonia. Meri was a leader of the Estonian independence movement. His lifestory: Lennart Georg Meri was born in Tallinn, 29 March 1929, a son of the Estonian diplomat and later translator Georg Meri, and Estonian Swedish Alice-Brigitta Engmann. Because his father was a diplomat, Lennart left Estonia at an early age and studied abroad, in nine different schools and in four different languages. In addition to his native Estonian, Lennart Meri fluently spoke five other languages: Finnish, French, German, English and Russian.
side, because unification with Germany meant in their opinion the disappearance of the nation through Germanisation. In return for their loyalty, the Estonians expected the Russian government to give them more rights and the long-awaited self-government. The Russian government, however, did not trust the Baltic nations and suspected them (for which there was good cause) of planning to split away from Russia. The emergence of Estonian independence On 15 March 1917, after Nicholas II renounced the throne and the Romanoff dynasty collapsed, the Provisional government in Russia declared a new course towards establishing a democratic republic. A great number of political parties immediately sprang up in Estonia. By appointing Jaan Poska the Estonian provincial commissar, the new central government handed the local administration over to Estonian politicians. On 12 April 1917, under the
For the last 6 years of his life he served as a tax collector. Burns died on the 21st of July, 1796. When he was only 37 years old. His poems touch the heart of every reader. Burns wrote about feelings of ordinary people. Burns used in his works the songs and stories he had heard in his little cottage home. Now Robert burns is considered the national poet of Scotland. And the 25th January- the date of his birth is always celebrated by Scotsmen as a national holiday. 10) FLAG DAY AND INDEPENDENCE DAY June 14 is Flag Day in the USA. On that day in 1777, the Americans adopted their own flag the Stars and Stripes as it is often called. No one really knows who sewed the first flag, but many Americans think it was made by Betsy Ross in her own home. The horizontal red and white stripes stand for the original thirteen American states that declaired that they would no longer be colonies of Great Britain. The stars in the flag show the number of states in the United States
· Manifest Destiny is a term that was used in the 19th century to designate the belief that the United States was destined, even divinely ordained, to expand across the North American continent, from the Atlantic seaboard to the Pacific Ocean. · The influence of frontier on the development of American character Thanksgiving Religious freedom Obsession with business and wealth Green cards ´´No´´ discrimination Men hunt and fight for new land, women raise children IV Independence · The origin and essence of the conflict between England and the colony Stamp act- Americans in the British colonies had to pay more than brits. No taxation without representation in parliament => we eant to run our own affairs · Boston Tea Party of 1773 4 Price stayed same but Americans didn't like the principle of having to buy from brit merchandise and pay tax. Dartmouth, Beacer and Elanor were not allowed to port
KAHE AUDIT ETTEVÕTTE 2015/16a. MAJANDUSAASTA ARUANDE VÕRDLUSANALÜÜS Töö eesmärgiks oli võrrelda kahte audiitor ettevõtet ja tuua välja erinevused. Valik on tehtud just selline, et tuua välja erinevused mis mõjutavad ettevõtte edukust, kuigi tegevusaeg on sama pikk. Võrreldakse mõlema ettevõtte 2015. aasta ja 2016. aasta majandusaasta aruannet. Mõlemad ettevõtted on vastu võtnud rahvusvahelise võrgustiku sõltumatuse reeglid (Global Independence Policy) ja koostavad oma aruandeid vastavuses rahvusvaheliste finantsaruandluse standarditega IFRS (International Financial Reporting Standards). Mõlemad ettevõtted kuuluvad globaalsesse võrgustikku ning peavad teostama kvaliteedikontrolli ja vastavuse järelevalvealast tegevust, mis hõlmab teenuste osutamist, eetikat, ärialast käitumist ja sõltumatust käsitlevaid küsimusi. Mõlemad ettevõtted on tegutsenud Eestis ligikaudu 25 aastat. Niinimetatud Suu...
and the day before New Year's Day. New Year' s Eve is celebrated all around world because it's final day of the Gregorian year. New Year's Eve is usually celebrated with families or with friends. Few hours before and after midnight, people usually party and eat a nicer dinner, often three courses. New Year's Eve is celebrated with large fireworks displays throughout the country, especially in the cities. Independence Day An Independence Day is an annual celebration commemorating the anniversary of a nation's assumption of independent statehood, usually after ceasing to be a colony or part of another state, more rarely after the end of a military occupation. In Estonia it's celebrated on February 24.Estonia got independence from the Bolshevist Russia in 1918.Estonia regain independence in 1991 from NSVL when it fall a part. St John`s Day (jaanipäev)
the so called "singing revolution" when hundreds of thousands of people gathered in the Song Festival Grounds to make political demands and sing patriarchal songs. · Concerning the Song Festivals there are two beliefs in the Estonian conscience. The first one says that in 1869 a nameless country folk sang themselves to a European nation and the other, the latter, confirms that Estonians sang themselves their independence. The I, II, IV and V Song Festivals took place in Tartu, the rest in Tallinn. Battle of St. Matthew's Day · The Battle of St. Matthew's Day (Estonian: Madisepäeva lahing) was fought near Viljandi on September 21, 1217 during the TeutonicEstonian War. The adversaries were the German crusading order the Sword Brethren with their recently converted allies and an army of 6000 Estonian men from different counties, led by Lembitu, who had attempted to unify the Estonians
· Rosenberg felt that Estonians were the most Germanic out of the people living by the Baltic Sea. The Holocaust · The first records of some jews in Estonia date back to the 14th century. · The creation of the Republic of Estonia marked the beginning of a new era for Jews. · Nazi government's intention was to use the Baltic countries as their main area of mass genocide. · Approximately 10,000 jews were killed in Estonia. Attempt to restore independence · As the german's retreated on September 18, Jüri Uluots formed a government led by Otto Tief. · The Nazi flag on Pikk Hermann was replaced by Estonian flag 2 days later. · Estonian forces seized the government buildings and ordered the Germans to leave. · On September 21st Estonian national government was proclaimed.
Jaaniõhtu, also called Jaanilaupäev and Jaanipäev are the most important days in the Estonian calendar, apart from Christmas. The short summer seasons with long days and brief nights hold special significance for the people of Estonia. Jaanipäev is celebrated in the night between 23rd and 24th of June, a few days after the summer solstice, when night seems to be non-existent. For Estonians, Jaanipäev celebrations were merged with the celebration of Võidupüha during the War of Independence when Estonian forces defeated the German troops on 23 June 1919. After this battle against Estonia's traditional oppressors, Jaaniõhtu and the lighting of the traditional bonfires became linked with the ideals of independence and freedom. Jaanipäev marks a change in the farming year, specifically the break between the completion of spring sowing and the hard work of summer hay-making. Understandably, some of the rituals of Jaanipäev have very strong folkloric roots. The best-known
count is incremented. In many cultures, the event is celebrated in some manner. The New Year of the Gregorian calendar, today in worldwide use, falls on 1 January, as was the case with theRoman calendar. There are numerous calendars that remain in regional use that calculate the New Year differently Independence Day Independence from the Russian Empire in 1918. Independence re-declared from the Soviet Union in 1991 An Independence Day is an annual event commemorating the anniversary of a nation's assumption of independent statehood, usually after ceasing to be a group or part of another nation or state; more rarely after the end of a military occupation. Most countries observe their respective independence days as a national holiday, and in some cases the observance date is controversial or contested. Good Friday Moveable Friday Good Friday is a religious holiday observed primarily by Christians commemorating
century to 1710/1721, when it was ceded to the Russian Empire as the result of the Great Northern War. Throughout this period the Baltic German nobility enjoyed autonomy, where the language of administration and education was German. The Estophile Enlightenment Period 1750–1840 led to the Estonian national awakening in the middle of the 19th century. In the aftermath of World War I and the Russian revolutions, the Estonian Declaration of Independence was issued in February 1918. In 1939-1940, Estonia was occupied by the Soviet Union. During the war Estonia was occupied by Nazi Germany in 1941, then reoccupied by the Soviet Union in 1944. Estonia regained independence in 1991 after the collapse of the USSR. Estonia is a parliamentary republic with a president as chief of state and with a government headed by a prime minister. The Riigikogu, a unicameral legislative body, is the highest organ of state authority
● Kelly Sildaru ● Wife carrying Fun facts ● Tallinn is the city of the first Christmas tree ● Free public transport ● The first country to introduce online political voting ● Skype was invited in Estonia ● Estonian education system is the best in Europe ● 75.7% are irreligious ● 16% say that they believe in God Estonian nature History ● Human settlement was around 11 000 years ago ● Has been under Danish, Swedish, German and Russian ruling ● Achieved independence 24th of February 1918 ● Re-independence 20. August 1991 ● Regained its independence without a war ● Baltic Way Baltic Way The Estonian Song and Dance Festival https://youtu.be/ieKfoxVWUSo
Singing Revolution To the end of 80s, the Soviet Union folks didn't want to live under socialistic- communistic order anymore. The Soviet Union was protected with the Iron Curtain, which symbol was the Berlin wall. At the same time, not only Estonia, but also other countries that were under the authority of the Soviet Union, increased the independence efforts. People didn't want to live like this anymore, it was based on fear and commands. The start of the Estonian public announcement of the reindependence is probably the Singing Revolution. To begin with, the Singing Revolution was a non-violent wish expressing and embarked on the Soviet Union to fall apart. The Singing Revolution is a commonly used name for events between 1987 and 1990 that led to the restoration of the independence of Estonia and also Latvia and Lithuania.
Terra Mariana The Reformation Period Division of Estonia in the Livonian War PolishLithuanian Commonwealth Estonia in the Swedish Empire Estonia in the Russian Empire Age of Enlightenment National Awakening Road to Republic Occupation of Estonia by German Empire. United Baltic Duchy Declaration of Independance As a result of the availability of education Age of awakening Red Army's retreat and arrival of German troops in Pärnu on 23 February in Tallinn on 24 February 1918 Independence (1918-1939) Tartu peace treaty in 1920 First recognized by Finland on July 7, 1920 Member of the League of Nations in 1921 Parlament was established in 1934 First preseident Konstantin Päts Soviet Union Stalin Era Khrushchev era Brezhnev era Gorbachev era Living conditions Laws were rough Economy Deportation to Siberia Consequences Effect to economy Estonian and russian people in Estonia were mixed up Bad memories Restoration of independence
THE USA INTRODUCTION • USA located almost entirely in North America, comprising also a state in Oceania. • The United States of America have 50 states and 14 islands. • The United States of America, the third largest country by size in the world. • The country bordered with Mexico on the South and Canada on the North PRESIDENT AND CURRENCY The president of the US is Barack Obama The currency is the dollar INTRESTING FACTS Population: 296, 483, 000 Capital: Washington D.C Language: English, Spanish Independence day: 4th July 1776 Over 312 million people live in the United States. The most populated state in USA is California, with over 37 million people. TRADITSIONS Thanksgiving Day Christmas Independence Day PLACES TO VISIT The largest mountain: Rocky Mountains The largest river: Mississippi River The ...
Russia in 1710, but the local self-government institutions retained their cultural and economical autonomy within Imperial Russia as the Duchy of Estonia. The Magistracy of Reval was abolished in 1889. The 19th century brought industrialization of the city and the port kept its importance. During the last decades of the century Russification measures became stronger. February 1918, the Independence Manifesto was proclaimed in Tallinn, followed by Imperial German occupation and a war of independence with Russia. On 2 February 1920, the Tartu Peace Treaty was signed with Soviet Russia, wherein Russia acknowledged the independence of the Estonian Republic. Tallinn became the
Against pagans in Estonia. · Estonian commander Lembitu was killed. · Ancient Estonian fight for independence. http://wapedia.mobi/thumb/4176501/en/fixed/470/376 /Danmarks_flag_1219_Lorentzen.jpg?format=jpg Click icon to add picture Danish Estonia · Conquered by Danish king Click icon to add picture Waldermat II · The Danish Army defeated the Estonians at the Battle of Lyndanisse. · The Estonians of Harria started a rebellion in 1343- St. George's Night Uprising. http://ts1.mm
Tallinn The first traces of human settlement found in Tallinn's city center by archeologists are about 5000 years old. In 1050 the first fortress was built on Tallinn Toompea.[3] In 1285 the city became the northernmost member of the Hanseatic League. Medieval Tallinn enjoyed a strategic position at the crossroads of trade between Western and Northern Europe and Russia. On 24 February 1918, the Independence Manifesto was proclaimed in Tallinn, followed by Imperial German occupation and a war of independence with Russia. On 2 February 1920, the Tartu Peace Treaty was signed with Soviet Russia, wherein Russia acknowledged the independence of the Estonian Republic. Tallinn became the capital of an independent Estonia. After World War II started, Estonia was occupied by the Soviet Union (USSR) in 1940, and later occupied by Nazi Germany from 1941–44
to the concerns of the colonists. In 1772, fighting broke out between New England militia and British soldiers. On July 4, 1776, the Continental Congress issued a Declaration of Independence, primarily written by Thomas Jefferson, a farmer and lawyer from Virginia. This document declared that from that time the United Colonies were no longer colonies of England, but free and independent states named the United States of America. Moreover, the Declaration of Independence set forth some of the principled of American democracy. With help from France, the American armies, led by George Washington, a gentleman farmer from Virginia, won the War of Independence . The peace treaty was signed in 1783. During the war, the states had agreed to work together by sending representatives to a national congress. The agreement that set up this plan of cooperation was called the Articles of Confederation. The Articles of Confederation failed because the states did not cooperate
Russia, Denmark, Poland and Sweden. For most of the 17th century, Sweden ruled Estonia. In the 18th century Russian Tsar Peter the Great joined Estonia to his empire. The first true political parties emerged(Where established) at the turn of the century, demanding autonomy for Estonia. Following the Russian Revolution of 1917, Estonia declared independence from Russia on Feb. 24, 1918. Independent Estonia made large strides between wars. World War II ended Estonia's independence. The country was occupied by the Soviet Army in June 1940.Thousands of Estonians were killed or deported to Siberia. In 1944, Estonia became part of the Soviet Union. Proindependence guerrilla forces continued to fight against the Soviets into the 1950s. In the "Singing Revolution" of the 1980s, Estonians showed their desire for independence in peaceful mass meetings. In 1989, 2 million people from the three Baltic countries linked
perpetuity all rights to the territory of Estonia. Independence lasted 22 years. This period was one of great cultural advancement.Estonia underwent a number of economic, social, and political reforms necessary to come to terms with its new status as a sovereign state. Economically and socially, land reform in 1919 was the most important step. Large estate holdings belonging to the Baltic nobility were redistributed among the peasants and especially among volunteers in the War of Independence. Estonia's principal markets became Scandinavia, Great Britain, and western Europe, with some exports to the United States and Soviet Union. In World War II Estonia suffered huge losses. Ports were destroyed, and 45% of industry and 40% of the railways were damaged. Estonia's population decreased by one-fifth (about 200,000 people).More than 30,000 soldiers were killed in battles. In 1944 Russian air raids destroyed Narva, and one-third of the residential area in Tallinn was destroyed
currently Keith Rowley. The President is elected by an Electoral college consisting of the full membership of both houses of Parliament. Capital city • Port of Spain Largest city • Chaguanas Official language • Official language is English Top10 non-English languages spoken • Trinidadian Creole 1million • Tobagonian Creole 300000 • French Creole 1.2million • Caribbean Hindustani 15000 Flag • The flag was chosen by the Independence committee in 1962. Red, black and white symbolise the warmth of the people, the richness of the earth and water respectively. Currency • Trinidad and Tobago Dollar (TTD) Coat of Arms • The coat of arms was designed by the Independence committee, and features the scarlet ibis (native to Trinidad), the cocrico (native to Tobago) and hummingbird. The shield bears three ships, representing both the Trinity, and the three ships that Columbus sailed. Population
Official name: Republic of Estonia Territory: 45 227 km Population: 1 342 000 Official languafe: Estonian Largest ethnic groups: Estonians 68%, Russians 26%, Ukrainians 25, Belarussians 1%, Finns 1% Capital of Estonia: Tallinn Number of islands: 1 521 Highest point: Suur-Munamagi (Great Egg Hill) 318 m Religion: Lutheran Currency: Estonian Kroon (EEK),1 EUR = 15,65 EEK Estonia has two Independence Days - Estonia first achieved independence from the Soviet Union on the 24th February 1918 and again on the 20th August 1991 after 51 years of occupation. The second date is known as the Restoration of Independence Day The Estonian language belongs to the Finno-Ugric group and is most similar to Finnish Estonia was the first country in the world to introduce online political voting Estonia won the Eurovision Song Contest in 2001 with the song Everybody There are over 1500 Islands, 1000 lakes and 7000 rivers in Estonia
1154 first written mention of Tallinn, map of Estonia 1219 Danish invasion by the Teutonic Order 13th century German invasion by the Livonian Order 1343 St George's Night uprising 15th century serfdom begins to develop 16th century Reformation 1558.1583 The Livonian War between Sweden, Poland, Denmark, Russia 1629.1710 Swedish era 1700.1721 The Northern War, Russian invasion 1860.1885 era of national awakening 1918.1920 the War of Independence 1918.1940 the Republic of Estonia 1940.1941 first Soviet occupation 1941.1944 German occupation, World War II 1945.1991 second Soviet occupation 1991 the Declaration of Independence 1995 member of the Council of Europe 2003 member of NATO 2004 member of the European Union
Legislative power – Parliament House of Commons and House of Lords Multi-party system MAIN PARTIES Two largest - the Conservative Party and the Labour Party Before labourers - The Liberal party Third largest – the Liberal Democrats Current: Conservative, Liberal Democrats ... Some other parties in UK: Democratic Unionist Party Scottish National Party Palace of Westminster UK Independence Party Green Party of England and Wales Scottish Green Party Social Democratic and Labour Party Alliance Party of Northern Ireland MAIN POLITICIANS Prime Minister: David Cameron (Conservative) Nick Clegg (head of Liberal Democrats) Ed Miliband (head of Labour Party) Nigel Farage (UK Independence Party) Ed Balls (Labour Party) Boris Johnson (Major of London) COMPARISON WITH ESTONIA Similarities: Democratic countries
Canada Mary-Liis Kull KiNG 10.klass Basic information Area is about 10 million sq km Popluation is estimately 35 million people The country is bilingual (English and French) The National Holiday is Independence Day on July 1'st The capital is Ottawa and the largest city is Toronto Basic information Consists of 10 provinces and 3 territories Extends from the Atlantic to the Pacific and northward into the Arctic Ocean Shares land borders with the U.S Is a federal state, governed as a parliamentary democracy and a constitutional monarchy Canada comes from the word kanata, meaning village or settlement History The first inhabitants were the Inuits (Eskimo)
of the Old Town (it's a long and narrow climb up, though). My Birthplace Kuressaare weather Sport plays an important role in Estonian culture. Estonia first competed as a nation at the 1920 Summer Olympics, although the National Olympic Committee was established in 1923. Estonian athletes took part of the Olympic Games until the country was annexed by the Soviet Union in 1940. The 1980 Summer Olympics Sailing regatta was held in the capital city Tallinn. After regaining independence in 1991, Estonia has participated in all Olympics. Estonia has won most of its medals in athletics, weightlifting, wrestling and cross-country skiing. The list of notable Estonian athletes include wrestlers Kristjan Palusalu, Voldemar Väli and Georg Lurich, skiers Andrus Veerpalu and Kristina Smigun-Vähi, decathlonist Erki Nool, tennis player Kaia Kanepi, cyclists Jaan Kirsipuu and Erika Salumäe and discus throwers Gerd Kanter and Aleksander Tammert. culture
Empire from the 16th century to 1710/1721, when it was ceded to the Russian Empire as the result of the Great Northern War. Throughout this period the Baltic German nobility enjoyed autonomy, where the language of administration and education was German. • The Estophile Enlightenment Period 1750–1840 led to the Estonian national awakening in the middle of the 19th century. In the aftermath of World War I and the Russian revolutions, the Estonian Declaration of Independence was issued in February 1918. The Estonian War of Independence ensued on two fronts between the newly proclaimed state and Bolshevist Russia to the east and the Baltic German forces (the Baltische Landeswehr) to the south, resulting in the Tartu Peace Treaty recognising Estonian independence in perpetuity. • In 1939-1940, Estonia was occupied and (according to e.g. the USA, the EU, and the European Court
History of Scotland Karoliina Grentsmann, Katri Hendrikson Viljandi Gümnaasium I VÕ Picts Ancient people Ancient eastern and northern Scotland Extinct Pictish language Art appears on stones Pictish Stones Monumental stelae Remaining evidence of the Picts From the 6th to 9th centuries The purpose of the stones Original sites Wars of Independence The First War 12961328 The Second War 13321357 Between the Kingdom of Scotland and the Kingdom of England Great national crisis Independent nation Union with England 18th century Political union between Scotland and England Treaty of Union It replaced the Scottish systems of currency First World War In 19141918 Provided manpower, ships, machinery, food etc Scotland sent 690,000 men to the war The Battle of Loos They made up 15 per cent of the national armed forces
It is bounded on the east by St. John's Church, on the south by Kaarli Boulevard and an underground shopping center. Construction works started in 2008. History In 19th century Freedom Square was called Peetri plats. During the Soviet period, Freedom Square was known as the Victory Square. Before Freedom Square there was a parking lot. It was opened on 23 June 2009 as a memorial for those who fell during the Estonian War of Independence. This cost to Estonia about 26,9 million euros. Victory Column It is also there to commemorating the Estonian War of Independence 1918 1920. The idea of creating a monument was conceived in 1919, before the end of the war. In 2006, a design competition for the monument received more than 40 entries. The winning entry "Libertas" was designed by Rainer Sternfeld, Andri Laidre, Kadri Kiho and Anto Savi. Facts Freedom Square area where it is located is 7752 m².
ULTIMATE INTERVIEW One young man went for an IAS Interview. "When did India get independence?" He was asked. "The efforts began a few years earlier and final result was in 1947" He replied. "Who was responsible for our independence?" "There were so many. Whom to mention? If I name one, it will be a injustice to another. " He replied. "Is corruption the number one enemy in our country?" "Some research is going on the subject and I can answer with certainly only after seeing the report" He replied. The interview board was very pleased with his original and thoughtful answers and asked him not to reveal the questions to others, since they were planning to ask the same questions.
The Republic of Singapore SilverKera 10.B GAG Some statistics · An island country · Southern tip of the Malay peninsula · Total area of 710 km2and a population of 5 312 400 · Population density 7 315/ km2 · Left-handtraffic A brief history of Singapore · Comes from the Malay wordSingapura · British colony in 1819 · Occupied by Japan in 1942-1945 · 1959 self-governing state · 1963 joined Malaysia · 1965 complete independence Legal system · Legal system based on English common law · Trial by jury removed in 1970 · Caning · Mandatory death penalty · "Possibly the highest execution rate in the world relative to its population" Economy · Location made it an important trading post · In 2011 ranked 2ndfreest economy · Singaporean dollar · Port of Singapore · Worlds highest % of millionaires (1 out of 6) · No minimum wage and high income
The most important key dates in Estonian history Every country has its history and some moments are more important than the others. Here are some of the most notable dates from Estonian history. 3rd millennium BC the Finno-Ugric tribes arrive in Estonia 1154 First written mention of Tallinn (by al-Idrisi) 13th century German and Danish invade Estonia. Estonians' numerous attempts to restore independence fail 1343 St. George's Night uprising 1558-1583 the Livonian War after which Northern Estonia is occupied by Sweden and Southern Estonia occupied by Poland 1632 Tartu University was founded 1860-1885 the era of national awakening, the foundation for Estonian journalism was laid, collection of folklore 1869 First all-Estonian Song Festival in Tartu 1884 The blue-black-and-white flag of Estonian Students' Society was consecrated
Abu Dhabi Rauno Leppik Why I choos it Good climate Beautiful city arapidly developing country Abu Dhabi Abu Dhabi is a capital of the UAE Second largest city of the UAE Offical name is Abu Dhabi emirate Largest country of the UAE 67,340 km2 (26,000 sq mi) Independence from 2 December 1971 Flag Location History the city began to develop in 1958 The first road was built was 1961 Independence 1971 Government Constitutional monarchy The current ruler of Abu Dhabi, Sheikh Khalifa bin Zayed Al Nahyan Climate Abu Dhabi has a hot aird climate maximum temperatures averaging above 35 °C Low rainfall the sun shines on average 3400 hours per year Architecture In the dense areas, most of the concentration is achieved with medium- and high-rise buildings the tallest building is 382 meter...
Independence day 24 February. Estonian people often have a day-off from school and work, to celebrate this day. People often make big dinners and sit around in the circle of family. They often light a few candles on the window and all houses have an Estonian flag out. This is by law the most important holiday, commemorating the declaration of independence in 1918. New Year's Eve 31December The New Year's Eve is an event that happens when Estonians celebrates the end of one year and the beginning of the next year. Estonians launch a big amount of fireworks up to the sky at midnight. It's a celebration with family and friends. After launcing the fireworks people watch and toast and wich a happy new year to each other. Christmas Eve 24 December Most of the traditions, such as Christmas dinner and gift giving are observed in Estonia on this day. Santa Claus visits homes in person, played by an older family member or a rent-a-Santa. In Est...
But when your parents are not supporting you or they do not have opportunities to do that, then you need your own money. You need to buy your own food, you have to pay the bills, you have to compensate your study loan so the working is necessary. I think that having a job is useful in many ways. When you are working you can practise independence. You just have to manage, you do not have your mom beside you who is helping you out and finding solutions for everything. Besides the independence, you can receive practice of work. Practice of work is important when you are going to apply for your dream work. Every boss are giving you a plus points when you have a lot of experiance. Having a job while studing may be bad because you do not have enought of time. When you do not have enought time you can not delve into studies. Also when you are working you can not avoid tiredness. For instance when you are going to school at 8´o clock and the school is ending four o´clock
by the old English laws that had prevailed before the Normans came. King John's reign lasted until 1216. Then the power was taken over by his son King Henry III. He leaded England for a very long time, until 1272. He was succeeded by his son Edward I. Edward I conquered Wales in 1284. He also tried to conquer Scotland and it even went right for him but only temporarily. Under the direction of Robert Bruce Scotland managed to restore its independence. In 1307 he was succeeded by Edward II, his son. In 1311-1315 there was the Great Famine. There was a series of cold and wet springs and early winters that reduced harvests throughout western Europe, and by the Spring of 1315, about ten percent of the population had died of starvation, and a number more had perished of illnesses that they could not fight off in their malnourished state. Edward II's reign lasted until 1327 when the leading was taken over from him by his son Edward III
barking nor a rooster crowing" Estonia remained under Russian rule and the Baltic- German nobility vowed allegiance to the Tsar., the barons were restored their former privileges. Life changed for the better thanks to the opening of a railway line from St. Petersburg to Tallinn in 1870. Tallinn grew into a major port and an industrial centre, with huge shipyards employing a large workforce. Interest in culture grew and Estonians became conscious of their national identity; dreams of independence gained ground. Tartu was the centre of the movement of national awakening. On 24 February 1918, Estonia was proclaimed an independent democratic republic. Tallinn developed into a modern European capital. A period of prosperity followed, but independence only lasted for 20 years. 1 During World War II Estonia was occupied by both German and Russian invaders, and Tallinn suffered heavily. The bombing of the city by the Soviet air force
"the Good old Swedish time". In the early 18th century, the Great Northern War left Estonia under Russian rule. A high point of the Estonian national movement was the first nation-wide Song Festival in Tartu in June 1869. In 1918 on the 24th of February, the Estonian Republic was proclaimed. It is a highly important holiday in Estonia. At first it was merely a decision on paper. True independence was fought for in the following years, in the War of Liberation. Independence lasted until 1939 when a pact between Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union was signed. Following the Soviet occupation in 1940, Estonia was occupied by Nazi Germany from 1942 to 1944. The Soviet Union incorporated Estonia in the autumn of 1944. A large proportion of the population fled abroad. Many others were arrested and deported to Siberia. Estonia regained independence by the way of the Singing Revolution of 1988 and has been fully independent since 1991.
The Fall of the Empire The fall of the British Empire was caused by World War II for two reasons. Firstly, many nations felt that their sacrifice should be rewarded with independence, for example India. Also, the losses to the Japanese destroyed the myth of the European omnipotence. Secondly, heavily in debt to the United States, the United Kingdom was financially exhausted. This left it almost impossible to defend its wider colonies by force. So the vast markets were opened to American companies and to weaken the UK in general. No empire has been larger or more diverse than the British Empire. At its apogee in the
More and more people arrived. Over a time settlers from many other countries joined the English in America the French, the Spaniards and the Dutch. Africans were first brought to Virginia in 1619. By 1770 there were thirteen British colonies in America who weren't pleased with their lives because they had to pay high taxes. In 1773, the 'Boston Tea Party' took place and it made the British mad, so in 1775 the War of Independence started. The Americans were led by George Washington who in 1788 became the country's first president. On the 4th of July, 1776 the Declaration of Independence was written and that day is now celebrated as the Day of Independence. The war ended in 1788 and during the time following it, the Americans bought large pieces of land from foreign countries to themselves, creating a big country. By 1860 America was a big country but there was a big difference between the free North and
6,435 kilometres. Chile expanded in the late 19th century, when it incorporated its northern and southern regions. Southern Chile is rich in forests and grazing lands and features a string of volcanoes and lakes. The southern coast is a labyrinth of fjords, inlets, canals, twisting peninsulas, and islands. Prior to the coming of the Spanish in the 16th century, northern Chile was under Inca rule while the indigenous Araucanians inhabited central and southern Chile. Although Chile declared its independence in 1810, decisive victory over the Spanish was not achieved until 1818. Currently, Chile is one of South America's most stable and prosperous nations. The national flower is the copihue (Chilean bellflower), which grows in the woods of southern Chile. The coat of arms depicts the two national animals: the condor and the huemul. Chile's most popular sport is association football Chile has appeared in seven FIFA World
They called tehir landing place Plymouth, similary with the place they started their journey in Britain. These people are known as Pilgrim Fathers. The didn't want to live in England because they didn't agree with the church. The pilgrims had rough times also, but friendly Indians helped them. In 1621 the Pilgrims had a huge dinner to give thanks for the first food that they had grown themselves. That day became known as the Thanksgiving, and is celebrated every year in America. INDEPENDENCE WAR By the end of the 18th century, the whole of the Eastern coast of North America had been colonized, largely by the British, but also French and Spanish. There were very high taxes and people in Boston refused to pay them. So when the first cargoes of tea reached to Boston harbour, in 1773, all the tea was thrown into the water. It is known as Boston Tea Party. The British government was very angry and they began the war with the colonies.
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