Ladina juriidiline terminoloogia 19.12. seminari kodutöö 1) Tõlkida tekstist 20 (lk 30) laused 1-6, 8, 9, 12, 13 (gerundium), 15-18, 20 (gerundivum). Gerundiumi ja gerundiivi kohta lähemalt lk 127. 2) Lugeda läbi ja võtta loengusse kaasa Cicero teksti „Esimene kõne Catilina vastu“ eestikeelne tõlge (ÕIS-s väljas). Teksti põhjal esitada kirjalikult (üksi või kahe peale, max 0,5 lk): mis on kõne eesmärk ja autori taotlus; millega ta oma eesmärki põhjendab? milliste märksõnadega kirjeldatakse Catilinat? milline on Cicero ise selle kõne taustal? tekst 20 lk30 1. Ius disponendi. Ius possidendi. Ius utendi. – (omandiõiguse peamised elemendid) õigus asja käsutada; õigus asja vallata; õigus asja kasutada 2. Culpa in custodiendo. Culpa in eligendo. –Hooletusjärelvalve; (Süü, mis seisneb isiku hooletuses või ettevaatamatuses oma kohustuse täitmisel); hooletus (abiliste) väljavalimisel. 3. Culpa in faciendo. Culpa in non fa...
Speculation about Shakespeare Authorship Main article: Shakespeare authorship question Around 150 years after Shakespeare's death, doubts began to be expressed about the authorship of the works attributed to him.[172] Proposed alternative candidates include Francis Bacon, Christopher Marlowe, and Edward de Vere, 17th Earl of Oxford.[173] Several "group theories" have also been proposed.[174] Only a small minority of academics believe there is reason to question the traditional attribution,[175] but interest in the subject, particularly the Oxfordian theory of Shakespeare authorship, continues into the 21st century. [176] Religion Main article: Shakespeare's religion Some scholars claim that members of Shakespeare's family were Catholics, at a time when Catholic practice was against the law.[177] Shakespeare's mother, Mary Arden, certainly came from a pious Catholic family. The strongest evidence might be a Catholic statement of faith si...
Essential Vocabulary - I The role of law in society 1. juriidilised kohustused – legal obligations 2. kannatanud pool, kahjukannataja – injured party 3. vaidlusi lahendama (kohtus) – to settle a dispute in a court of law 4. riskeerima tehingute tegemisega – to risk making transactions 5. õigusnõustamist otsima – to seek legal advice 6. tagama, et leping kehtiks – to ensure that the contract would be valid 7. õiguslikke vahendeid kasutama – to use legal means 8. harjuma õiguslikke vahendeid kasutama – to get accustomed to using legal means 9. omama teadmisi millestki – to have knowledge of smth 10. ette kirjutama, ettekirjutus, ettekirjutav – to prescribe, prescription, prescriptional 11. karistust kandma – to serve punishment (ka to suffer a penalty) 12. vägivaldselt käituma (kellegi suhtes) – to act violently towards smb 13. a...
EU Internal Market Law Mid-term online evaluation assignment for Distance Learning Students The Assignment: Hypothetical Case In the Member State A several NGOs, uniting parents concerned with safety of children and young adults, ordered a study of dog attacks on people (and especially children) resulting in deaths or maiming. The aim of the study was to identify, if possible, the dog breeds of potentially enhanced danger for people. The study’s results showed that pit bulls and their close mixes as well as Rottweilers and their close mixes were jointly responsible for over 70% of attacks. The authors of the study explained the statistics by popularity, big size and powerfulness of the named breeds and their ability to do a lot of damage. Besides, about the pit bull attacks the absence of warning from a dog played a significant role, because due to the custom of docking (cutting short) pit bulls’ tails warning signals could n...
REALISM AND NATURALISM Lecture 6 Post Civil-War America • United States fully settled from the East Coast to West Coast • Profound changes: technological changes = US becomes modern industrial state • US became more confident in itself • Immigration – large population of immigrants no longer spread to west, become the labour force to the factories, also dramatic growth in cities • New tension in society, what it really means to be an American • Income disparities – big gap between people who are rich and people who are poor • Westward expansion – people can think about optimistic things happening when they think about the positive things happening in the country • United States as an urban nature: skyscrapers, full of people etc Intellectual and literary trends • Darwinism • Social Darwinism • ...
Scotland ! Scotland (Gaelic: Alba) is a country in northwest Europe that occupies the northern third of the island of Great Britain. It is part of the United Kingdom, and shares a land border to the south with England. It is bounded by the North Sea to the east, the Atlantic Ocean to the north and west, and the North Channel and Irish Sea to the southwest. In addition to the mainland, Scotland consists of over 790 islands including the Northern Isles and the Hebrides. Edinburgh, the country's capital and second largest city, is one of Europe's largest financial centres. It was the hub of the Scottish Enlightenment of the 18th century, which saw Scotland become one of the commercial, intellectual and industrial powerhouses of Europe. Scotland's largest city is Glasgow, which was once one of the world's leading industrial metropolises, and now lies at the centre of the Greater Glasgow conurbation which dominates the Scottish Low...
Sõmerpalu Basic School Teisy Slavin Form 8 The President of the United States and his family Research Paper Instructor: Kati Leis Sõmerpalu 2012 Contents Introduction I wrote my research paper on the president of the United States and his family, because I wanted to know more about Barack Hussein Obama, his wife Michelle Obama and his daughters Malia and Natasha. I think that I now know much more about the President of the United States and I think that I should know, because in the future I would like to travel to and one day maybe even move to the United States of America. I think that Barack Obama is the most hated president in the United States history because of his racial. Barack Hussein Obama Barack H...
a convict someone who is in prison because sharp teeth that lives in the sea they are guilty of a crime False pretences/prtents/ - lie to convict - to decide officially in a court of about who you are, what you are doing, or law that someone is guilty of a crime what you intend to do, in order to get whereupon - immediately after which something Career a job that you work at roar with laughter to express an emotion for some time Inflate to fill sth with air or with laughter gas Fascinating /fæs..ne.t/ joke sth that you say or do that is intended enthralling Fertile /f.tal/ - having many to make people laugh good ideas to joke to say things that are intended to Identity in the fact who you are make people laugh ...
ESTONIA VS AUSTRALIA Today, I shall compare the Baltic country, Estonia, and the largest country in Oceania, Australia. Largely they are going to be very different but still sharing little similarities. This essay will go in- depth about what makes these two nations so different. First I'm going to write about Estonia, a country within Europe. Estonia is quite small when compared to the other its neighbours with a land of 45.227 square kilometres and a population estimated at 1.3 million. The Estonian people largely speak Estonian but many of them also speak Russian and English, Russian more common as a secondary language. As being Estonian we know that less is always more. Best to be concise and to the point. Talking a lot and taking centre stage is considered rude and disrespectful. Estonians are known as hardworking, responsible, rule-obedient simple people. For example there is law that after 18...
Country study test # 3 1. Why was it often said that ,,the sun never sets on the British Empire"? ... is used to describe an empire of such a large extent that, at any one time, at least part of its territory is in daylight. This was a saying refering to the fact that Britian had colonies all around the world. 2. What is the Commonwealth? The Commonwealth is an association of sovereign nations that support each other and work together towards international goals. 3. When was it founded? 1931 4. Who were the founder members? Great Britain, the Irish Free State (now the Republic of Ireland), Canada, Newfoundland (since 1949 part of Canada), Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa. 5. Are they still members? Why? Irish Free State left in 1949 with the republic of ireland acts, Newfoundland (since 1949 part of Canada), 6. What was the difference between the British Empire an...
An analysis of the problem of Political Power Written by: Katre Kikkas Introduction It is said that in the political philosophy there are only two questions: ,,Who can have what?" and ,,Who will decide over it?". It is not exactly like that but it is quite close to the trough, to begin with. The first question includes material amenity's, and dividing rights and liberties.(Wolff, 1996) What is power? It is ability to influence others to do something they otherwise would not. Also, others can be affected with threats and force. (Kilp, 2010) Political power includes also right to force the others and to punish them if they disobey. Who should have that kind of power? Actually the political power is quite mysterious by itself. If someone has legitimate political power over me then he or she has a right to force me to do things that they want.(Wolff, 1996) But how can other person have rig...
Anglo-Saxon period Celts-came from Germany,2000-1200BC began to migrate to Britain,spoke Celtic language,were known as Britons,lived in small villages,round wooden huts-mainly farmers-no towns,organised in tribes with a king/queen as a leader,intertribal wars were very common,the Ancient Britons:one of the Celtic tribes living in Britain 4thBC,believed in different gods,governed by a class of priests-druids who had great power. Romans in Britain:55BC came to conquer Britain(Julius Caesar),brought their own civilization,taught Britons to build roads,bridges,houses,baths,temples,protected Britain for several hundred years,4thBC Romans left Britain,43AD Queen Boadicea of Iceni tribe lost their battle with Romans. Who were the next invaders and where did they come from? Anglo-Saxons came from northern Germany,Denmark and northern Holland. What was their lifestyle like?Anglo-Saxons liked fighting,drinking,gambling,life expectancy not very lo...
2) Central park is an urban park in the central part of the borough of Manhattan, New York City. It was initially opened in 1857, on 778 acres of cityowned land, later expanding to its current size of 843 acres. Central park is one of the most famous sightseeing spots in New York. 3) Central park which has been a National Historical Landmark since 1962, was designed by landscape architect Frederic Law Olmsted and the English architect Calvert Vaux in1858. It is bordered on the north by Central Park North, on the south by Central Park South, on the west by Central Park West and on the east by Fifth Avenue. The park contains several naturallooking lakes and ponds which have been created artificially, extensive walking tracks, bridle paths, two iceskating rinks, the Central Park Zoo, the Central Park Conservatory Garden, a wildlife sanctuary, a 106 acre billiongallon reservoir and an outdoor amphitheater. Indoor attract...
Ma olen sellele ksimusele pranud suurt thelepanu. Kahjuks pole rahuaegset surmanuhtlust seni veel kigis Lnemere maade Nukokku kuuluvates riikides kaotatud. Ma olen sageli seisnud silmitsi vitega, et avalik arvamus on surmanuhtluse kaotamise vastu ja aeg pole selleks veel kps. Poolt ja vastu Kige levinum pooltvide surmanuhtluse kohta on vajadus hiskonnale. Nimelt olevat see hirmutusvahend seaduse ja korra tagamiseks. Vastavalt hirmutusteooriale on hiskonna heaolu tarbeks vajalik tappa korrarikkuja, mis peletaks teised inimesed tagasi mttest midagi samalaadset korda saata. On tehtud lugematu arv uuringuid, kuid kski neist pole testanud, et surmanuhtlusel oleks testi mjus hirmutav toime. Tegelikult on hoopis vastupidisele osutavaid mrke: vgivaldsetel kttemaksumeetmetel vib olla negatiivne mju hiskonna moraalile ja nii vib surmanuhtlus hoopistkkis suurendada vgivaldsust ning muuta hiskonna brutaalsemaks. Teine pooltvide tleb, et kui kur...
Õiguse süsteem - õiguskord Õiguse põhivaldkonnad: • Avalik õigus (karistusõigus) ainult see mis on seaduses keelatud • Eraõigus Teooria, kuidas vahet teha- subjekti teooria ja huvi teooria. Avaliku õiguses kehtib algusvahekord. Avaliku õiguse suundumus on üldisele huvile suunatud. Avalik õigus: • rahvusvaheline õigus • riigiõigus -> kuidas riigiinstitutsioonid toimivad • haldusõigus e. konkretiseeritud riigiõigus (hakatakse käsitlema vägaa spetsiifiliselt) Üldosa->haldusmenetlus Eriosa->liiklus,maksuõigus • korrakaitseõigus (jõustus sel aastal 01.07.2014) • kohtumenetlusõigus Eraõigus: • tsiviilseaduse üldosa • võlaõigusseadus (jaguneb üldosaks ja eriosaks) • äriseadustik (kuidas äriühinguid mooduistatakse) • asjaõigusseadus (hüpoteek,kinnisasi,vallasasi,hoonstusõigus,omand,valdis,kasutuskäsutus). • Perekonnaseadus (reguleerib abiellumisega seotud kü...
European Union Research Compose: x X School 2009/10 What is European Union? The European Union (EU) is an economic and political partnership between 27 democratic European countries. EU population is almost a half milliard European union stands for caring and fair community. All EU members are devoted to peace, democracy, human rights respecting and working together to spread these values all the world. History The beginning of EU might consider the year 1951, when European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC) was constitute. Six countries joined with it for peace: Belgium, Netherlands, Luxembourg, Italy, France and Germany. With that move, coal and steel industry were put under one organisation, so war was almost impossible between these six country. Cooperation in different areas improved, when in 25. March 1957 Treaties of Rom , European Economic Community and European Atomic Energy Community memora...
Review questions English lexicology Size of English vocabulary. Average speaker 45,000-60,000 words, a total of about 200,000. Core and periphery. English has been heavily influenced by other languages. 31.8 % comes from Old English, 45% comes from French, 16,7% comes from Latin, 4,2% other germanic languages and 2,3 other languages. The very core is mono-syllabic (93 of the first 100 words and the other seven are two-syllabic). The core vocabulary is predominantly germanic. Native and foreign element. Native words belong to very important semantic group (modal verbs-shall, will, can, may; pronouns- I, you, he, my, his; preps- in, out, under; numerals and conjunctions::but, till, as. Native words are head, arms, back; mother, brother, son, wife; snow, rain, wind, sun; cat, sheep, cow; old, young, cold, hot, dark; do, make, go, come, see. Many native words have developed many meanings (nt, hand, man, head). Most native words have become ...
TSÜS eksam 25.01.2011 Mis on "õigus" Õigus on sotsiaalne norm, millega puutume kokku iga päev. Sotsiaalne norm on käitumiseeskiri, millega mõjutatakse inimese tahtelist käitumist soovitud tulemuse saavutamiseks. Sotsiaalne norm tähendab ka sotsiaalset kohustust- inimene peab käituma teatud viisil, ta peab käituma normis sätestatud viisil. Mis on "tsiviilõigus" Tsiviilõigus on eraõiguse osa, mis laieneb kõikidele isikutele ning millega reguleeritakse isikute varalisi ja isiklikke suhteid poolte võrdsuse printsiibil. Traditsiooniliselt hõlmab endas nelja õigusvaldkonda (nn tsiviilõiguse eriosa), milledeks on: - Võlaõigus - Asjaõigus - Perekonnaõigus - Pärimisõigus TsÜS koht õigussüsteemis TsÜS e tsiviilõiguse üldosa seadus on seadus, mis reguleerib eraõiguse üldosa (st tsiviilseaduse) üldosa. · TsÜS on üldosaks VÕS-le, AÕS-le, PKS-le ja PärS-le · TsÜS on ka üldosaks eraõiguse eriosa ...
LEXICOLOGY 1. Size of English vocabulary 1) Old English – 50,000 to 60,000 words Vocabulary of Shakespeare OE – homogeneous; 1/3 of the vocabulary has survived • 884,647 words of running text About 450 Latin loans (Amosova) • 29,000 different words (incl. work, working, Viking invasions added 2,000 worked, which are counted here as separate 2) Middle English – 100,000 – 125,000 words) English becomes heterogeneous (Norman French, • 21,000 words English, Latin), hybrid of Germanic and Romance languages Norman French influence – about 10,000 words, 75 % are still in use (Baugh) Latin influence continues 3) Early Modern English – 200,000 – 250,000 English becomes a polycentric language; polyglot, cosmopolitan lang...
Modal Verbs Table of Contents Introduction ......................................................................... 2 Characteristics of Modal Verbs ............................................. 2 When to use the Modal Verbs ............................................... 3 Expressing permission.......................................................... 3 Expressing obligation ........................................................... 3 Making offers........................................................................ 5 Making requests ................................................................... 6 Expressing possibility/probability......................................... 7 Asking about possibilities ..................................................... 7 Infinitives ............................................................................. 8 In...
John Fitzgerald Kennedy. Long time ago there lived a man who was the 35th president of the United States of America, his name was J. F Kennedy. He often refered to use his initials JFK. He was the yongest president, who has selected to be a president. But he was the president only 2 years, until his assassination in 1963. JFK was born in Brookline. JFK has moved a lot in his short lifetime. In 1935 he was hospitalized for two months of observation for possible leukemia. In 1940, Kennedy completed his thesis, ,,Appeasement in Munich", about British participation in the Munich Agreement. He initially intended his thesis to be private, but his father encouraged him to publish it. He graduated cum laude from Harvard with degree in international affairs in 1940, and his thesis was published that year as a book entitled Why England Slept, and became a bestseller. JFK was married with Jaqueline Bovi...
Hunting in Estonia Ants Nokkur Metsandus I Introduction Hunting is the practice of killing or trapping any living organism 14 198 hunting license oweners in Estonia. In order to have the right to hunt a person must be at least 16-years old. Hunting seasons and limits Bag limits are provisions under the law that control how many animals of a given species or group of species can be killed There are seasonal bag limits in Estonia Open and closed hunting season. Big game 1. Brown Bear Ursus arctos 2. Wolf Canis lupus 3. Lynx Lynx lynx 4. Wild boar Sus scrofa 5. Moose Alces alces 6. Roe deer Capreolus capreolus Brown Bear (Ursus arctos) Hunting season 01.08-31.10 Biggest predator in Klõpsake juhtslaidi teksti laadide redigee Estonian forest. Teine tase Average weight 200kg Kolmas tase Neljas tase Record 3...
LEL 2E Notes on Vocabulary One of the key facts about the lexicon of any language is that it reflects in various ways the physical and cultural environment in which the language is spoken. A people unfamiliar with, say, horses is unlikely to have a word for `horse'; similarly with ploughs, printing presses, and internet porn sites. For the most part this is trivial it's hard to imagine how it could be otherwise, given the general nature of human language. People tend to make a great deal of the alleged fact (see Pullum 1989) that "the Eskimos have lots of words for snow", but it doesn't take much thought to realise that any language spoken in a given physical and cultural environment is likely to have efficient ways of referring to distinctions that are important in that environment. That doesn't mean that you can read very much into individual words and individual facts about the lexicon of a given language (this topic has already c...
The United Kingdom The United Kingdom consists of England, Scotland, Wales and North Ireland and it is situated in the Atlantic Ocean near the mainland of Europe. The population of the UK is 58.6 million and area is 244,110 sq km. Britain has a temperate humid climate. Its characteristic features are mild winters, warm summer, no temperature extremes, abundant rain all year round and frequent changes of weather. The mild climate is partly due to the warm Gulf Stream and partly to the south westerly winds. Occasional winds from the east in winter may bring cold and dry weather. The distribution of rainfall is influenced by the Atlantic Stream. The mountainous areas of the north and west have more rain than the lowlands of the south and east. Wales is located on a peninsula in central-west Britain. The entire area of Wales is about 20,779 km². Wales borders by England to the e...
Psychology Gleitman Blood flow in the brain during different activities: the rate of blood flow is measured by special radiation counters that are placed at various points of the skull and that monitor radiation from mildly radioactive gas injected into the bloodstream. Blood flow pattern depends on what the patient does ( different pattern is found when person is reading aloud, yet another when he watches a moving light and so on). Ambiguous sights and sounds: The way ambiguous figures are perceived often depends on what we have seen just before. For example, if we are first shown an unambiguous figure of a rat, the ambiguous picture will be seen as a rat. If we are first exposed to an unambiguous face, we see the ambiguous figure as a face. What holds for visual patterns also holds for language. Many utterances are ambiguous. If presented out of context, they can be undestrood in several different ways. For exam...
Erkko Liiv 11.a Internet piracy In recent years, internet piracy or "file sharing" of copyrighted material has gained much popularity. It is a topic that has incessantly sparked debate and has even received global attention. Although on the surface the act of file sharing may seem harmless, it is far from it. Each year, film and record production companies as well as software and video game companies suffer from billions of dollars in lost profits. This loss comes as a direct result of internet piracy. Many agree that file sharing is unethical and consider it to be no different than downright theft. On the other hand, there are those that support file sharing and claim that their actions are easily justified and ethical. File sharing simply is the process of making available and distrib...
Õiguse entsüklopeedia lektor Jüri Liventaal, õppeaine-ainekood P2OG.02.149 4AP (lisainfo ÕE oma veebilehel) Õiguse entsüklopeedia on teadmiste ring õiguse ja riigiga seotud valdkondades. (ÕE lk 11-13, LM I lk 10 ja 12) TEEMA IX. Õigusteadus ja õigusteaduse õppimine Taska: põhimõisted: aeg ja ruum, ese, kausaliteet Põhimõisted Instituudid- õiguse instituut on kogum õigusnorme, mis reguleerivad ühte kindlat ühiskondlike suhete valdkonda ja on sisemiselt süsteemselt omavahel seotud. Instituut võib esineda ka mõistete tava või õpetus tähenduses. Institutsioonid- õigusteaduses on riigi poliitilise süsteemi ühik (organ) kindla funktsiooni teostamiseks oma pädevuse raames Terminid- (ld terminus) õigusteaduses on täpselt piiritletud juriidilise tähendusega oskussõna. Termin koosneb ühest ... Definitsioonid- (ld definitio) on määratlus, mõiste põhilise sisu avamine. Definitsioonis antakse harilikult antud mõiste...
Õiguse allikad ehk kohad, kust leida õigust Õiguskultuurid Mandri-Euroopalik Common Law Islami õigus Aafrika konstitutsioon Üks osa kultuurist on kindlasti õigus. Common Law: · Üldine õigus e. Pretsedendiõigus · 11.saj 18 saj seotud ainult Inglismaaga; hiljem levis kolonisatsiooniprotsessi tõttu. · Wilhelm Vallutaja · Normide juurdetulek kohtuprotsesside käigus, mis levis üldiselt. · Arenesid Westminsteri kohtute kõrvale appellatsioonikohtud. · Iga common law kohtuotsus koosneb kahest osast: 1. ratio decidendi kohtuotsuse see osa, kust leiame õigusnormi 2. obitur dictum kohtuotsuse osa, kust leiame sündmuse faktilise kirjelduse · Iga kohtuotsusega sünnib õigus. · Common Law's on seadused sekundaarsed. · Ülemaailmse levikuga kultuur tänapäeval. Islami Õigus: · Ilmalik õigus ja jumalik õigus(koraan). · Islam religioonina on noore...
Law-makers breaking the law: torture as a justified interrogation technique? 1 Introduction It was Jeremy Bentham who thought of a famous method to give ethics a rational basis. He was fed up with the penal laws where offenders met corporate punishment and together with Cesario Beccaria he stood up to torture, corporal punishment, and the death penalty. He resisted against irrational moral emotions as the instigation for ethical conduct, saying only reasonable grounds could justify the moral decisions of individuals and legislators. And now his theory of is the one that is known for justifying torture (Verplaetse, 2008). Since 9/11 and the following fight against terrorism it became clear that the Bush administration thought of torture as something justifiable while it goes against all possible agreed upon treaties and conventions. One could indeed possibly think ...
1. Social Policy aspects in EU Treaties Social and employment policy: Objectives: - The promotion of employment - Improved living and working conditions - Proper social protection - Dialogue between management and labour - The development of human resources with a view to lasting high employment and the combating of exclusion. Treaty of Rome: belief that improved working and living conditions would arise from the functioning of the common market – cooperation in the areas of employment, labour law and working conditions, vocational training, social security, occupational health and safety, and social dialogue. Improved mobility and professional opportunities of employees and introduced the equal pay for men and women – directly applicable. Single European Act: harmonisation of health and safety conditions at work; possibility for social partners at European level to negotiate collective agr...
Kõik me oleme kuulnud riigiametnike eetikakoodeksid. Lisaks on olemas veel hea halduskultuur jne. Kuid, mida tähendab hea haldus? Ja mida ta annab juurde kõige nende teiste mõistete juures? Hea halduse põhimõtet on peetud moodsaks või nüüdisaja inimõiguseks, mille vajadus on tingitud avaliku võimu tegevuse laienemisest ning üha keerukamaks muutumisest. Lihtsad isik- haldusorgan haldusmenetlused on asendumas ja asendunud menetlustega, kus tuleb arvestada enam kui ühe isiku õiguste ja kohustustega ning avaliku huviga, rakendada õigusnormides üha enam kasutust leidnud kaalutlusõigust ja määratlemata õigusmõisteid ning eeltoodut arvesse võttes leida konkreetsel juhul kõige õiglasem ja tasakaalustatum lahendus. Kusjuures kogu menetlus peab olema seaduslik ja erapooletu. Teoreetilistest käsitlustest võib leida mitmeid haldusmenetluse ülesannete ja eesmärkide loendeid, kuid kahe peamise (vastandliku) eesmärgina võib välja tuua esiteks m...
ERLE MAIDO TAAB11 Report Purpose The purpose of this report is to give an overview of Estonian population, political factors, technological factors, economic factors and the trends in Estonian economy compared to Germany and to briefly discuss Estonian business environment. Estonian population The total population of Estonia is 1 313 271 according to Statistics Estonia, of which 69.1% are Estonians, 25.1% Russians, 4.9% of which are of different nationalities for example Ukrainians, Belarusians and Finns. Rest are of unknown nationality. 68.5% of population speaks Estonian as a mother language, 29.6% speaks Russian as a mother language and 0.6% Ukrainian. Estonia has only one official language which is Estonian. Ac...
ÕIGUSE ALUSED Õigust on vaja selleks, et luua korda ja stabiilsust. Mitte ükski õigus ei ole piiramatu. Õigus võib välja kasvada tavast, normaalist vms. Õiguse mõistmine on erinev kui õigus pole kirja pandud. Õiguspärane on normaane käitumine. ÕIGUS on inimeste poolt ja inimeste jaoks loodud süsteem, selleks, et luua turvaline ja stabiilne elukeskkond inimestele. ,,Õigus on headuse ja õigluse kunst" (Celsius). Õiguse mittetundmine ei vabasta vastutusest. Õiguse idee koosneb kolmest elemendist: 1.) Õiglus 2.) Õiguskindlus 3.) Õiguslik garanteeritus Õiglus võib olla jaotav ja võrdsustav. (nt;rohkem tööd, rohkem palka). Igaüks peab saama selle, millele tal on õigus. Õiguskindlus on ühetähenduslik, tagatud riigi poolt. - Objektiivne õigus (positiivne, sisemine õigustunne) - Subjektiivne õigus(ülipositiivne indiviid) - Normatiivne informatsiooni ja kommunikatsioonisüsteem (Riigi Teataja) ...
Pessimism vs. Optimism Different approaches to the ‘population-resources’ debate Malthus Task: View figure 13.57 (page 378 of Waugh). Draw the graph and discuss. Malthus believed that there was a finite optimum population in relation to food supply and that an increase beyond that point would lead to a decline in living standards and to war, famine and disease. An increase in the population above the optimum limit would therefore lead to war, famine and disease. A PESSIMISTIC approach Thomas Malthus (1798) proposed his work during the early stages of the industrial revolution when inadequate food and clothing were common features in England. His argument was that population increases (geometrically) or at an exponential rate if unchecked i.e. 1-2-4-8- 16-32 etc Food supply at best increases at an arithmetic rate i.e.1-2-3-4-5-6 etc ...
TARTU ÜLIKOOL CONSTITUTIO CRIMINALIS CAROLINA 1532 ANALÜÜS Kirjalik kodutöö Juhendaja 2013 Sisukord Sisukord...................................................................................................................................... 2 Sissejuhatus.................................................................................................................................2 1.Allika analüüs.......................................................................................................................... 4 1.1Allika liik........................................................................................................................... 4 1.2CCC liigendus....................................................................................................................4 1.3Keel...................
Public International Law is a system of law, different from domestic law. Why is this system unique? Usually law regulates relations between people, people and the state etc, PIL regulates relations between states. Thats why PIL is important for international relation students. PIL influences the life of everybody, it doesn't regulate people directly but indirectly (through the decisions of the states), because it's everywhere. It's like air. E.g. when you want to send a letter to Brazil, you put a stamp from your own country and send it from your post office and the letter gets delivered. Why is this so easy, because there are certain international conventions that regulate postal services. E.g. traffic signs are almost the same everywhere, why? Because of certain int conventions that require the states to have more or less unified traffic signs. States apply international regulations to national regulations and they ...
When and where was he born? He was born somewhere around 1343 in London. What occupations did he have during his life? He was trained for knighthood, he also worked as a courtier, a diplomat, and a civil servant, as well as working for the king, collecting and inventorying scrap metal How many periods are his works divided into? What are they called? What are the main works of each period? What/who are they inspired by? His poetry is generally divided into three periods the French period ("The romance of the rose"), the Italian period ("Troilus and Criseyde", inspired by his own trip to Italy) and the English period ("The Canterbury Tales") What type of a work is The Canterbury Tales ? Poetry (two tales are in prose: the Tale of Melibee and the Parson's Tale) When did Chaucer die? Where is he buried? He is believe...
Revision questions for the test on Old English and Medieval Literature. 1.) How is literature analysed and studied? What is the difference between the diachronic and synchronic view? Literature is studied and analysed by reading the piece of work profoundly and work on all the aspects of the piece. Diachronic is development in history Synchronic is particular state at any given moment 2.) Give a general overview of Celtic Britain, Roman invasion in 55-54 BC, Anglo-Saxon invasion and the second Roman "invasion" of Great Britain, who were the leaders, what influence did they leave on the culture of Great Britain? Celtic Britain was during the Bronze Age, there were many small tribal kingdoms fighting one another. Many megalithic monuments were built around that time, e.g. Stonehenge, the Avebury ring. The Roman Invasion 55-54 BC, Julius Caesar ruled Rome, Rome built the Hadrian's wall (73 miles long, built in 121 127 AD) agains...
ELEA organisatsioon ELEA EESTI LOGISTIKA ja EKSPEDEERIMISE ASSOTSIATSIOON asutatud 06.12.1994.a. ühendab 71 rahvusvahelise transpordi ja ekspedeerimise ning logistikateenuste pakkumisega tegelevat firmat. Kuidas jaotatakse organisatsioonid? FIATA, a nongovernmental organisation, represents today an industry covering approximately 40,000 forwarding and logistics firms, also known as the "Architects of Transport", employing around 8 10 million people in 150 countries. ELEA on rahvusvahelise ekspedeerimisega ja logistikateenuste pakkumisega tegelevate juriidiliste isikute vabatahtlik ühendus. Organisatsiooni eesmärgiks on esindada ja kaitsta liikmete ühiseid tööalaseid huve, vältida ebaausat konkurentsi ja aidata kaasa oma valdkonna õigusaktide väljatöötamisele ning sellealase info levikule. ELEA Juriidiliste isikute vaba...
Eriala: Informaatika Inglise keel Referaat «Trojan horse » Lektor S.Remmelg Üliõpilane A.Parts Rühm RDIR23 Kood 103373 Introduction Trojan (also - troyamn, troyamnets, troyamnsky horse Troma) - a program used by an attacker to gather information, its destruction or modification of, computer malfunction or use of its resources in the wrong purposes. According to the principle of distribution and of the Trojans is not a virus because it does not spread by self-reproduction. This Trojan is run by the user manually or automatically - the program or part of the operating system running on a victim computer (as a module or utility). For this program file (the name, icon of the program) is called the official name of masquerading as another program (such as the installation of another program), another file type, or just give us attra...
Canada Geography The geography of Canada is vast and diverse. Occupying most of the northern portion of North America, Canada is the world's second largest country in total area. The highest point in Canada is Mount Logan 6,050 m, which is in the Yukon. The two principal river systems are the Mackenzie and the St. Lawrence. The St. Lawrence, with its tributaries, is navigable for over 3,058 km. The largest lake situated entirely in Canada is Great Bear Lake at 31,328 km2 in the Northwest Territories. The largest lake which is at least partly in Canadian territory is Lake Superior Climate Canada's climate is as diverse as its landscape. Generally, Canadians enjoy four very distinct seasons, particularly in the more populated regions along the US border. Daytime summer temperatures can rise to 35°C and higher, while lows of -25°C are not uncommon in winter. More moderat...
Module 1. Introduction 1)When did the industrial revolution start? 19th century 2)How did the Americans improve the Western European economy? Marshal aid 3)When did world trade start booming before or after 1950? After 3 top exporting continents in the world: Asia 56%, Europe 19%, North America 10%. Area is considered to be the biggest emerging market: The Indian Sub-continent (India, Pakistan, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka). Products are exported from … Europe: motor cars, mashinery, chemicals.;Asia: video/audio equipment, clothes, shoes.; Australia: iron ore(рудаmaak), dairy products, meat.;Middle East: oil, gas, chemicals.;Africa: fruits, cacao, coffee.; North America: peanuts, grain, coal.;South America: meat, poultry(linnuliha), iron ore. WTO- the World Trade Organisation is the driver to ensure trade between countries has no barriers world wide. 340 mln container are circling the globe! 500.000 ships ensure that cargo is shipped aroun...
Vahendatud Münchauseni sündroom/Münchauseni sündroom by proxy/Münchausen by proxy sündroom MSBP on üks laste väärkohtlemise vorm, kus hooldaja vigastab tema hoole all olevat last või nõuab lapsele ohtralt meditsiinilisi teste ja ravi, mille käigus tekib lapsele kahju, olematu, väljamõeldud või liialdatud seisundite tõttu. MSBP on üks lapse väärkohtlemise vorm, mida esimesena kirjeldas Inglise lastearst Roy Meadow aastal 1977. Sellise nime sai see häire selle sarnasuse tõttu Münchauseni sündroomile, mis on häire, kus inimene tahtlikult tekitab või mõtleb endale välja haigussümptomeid. Rangelt öelduna tähendab MSBP, et inimesel on Münchauseni sündroom ja see psühhopatoloogia avaldub lapse läbi. Munchaussen syndrome by proxy Munchausen syndrome by proxy (MSP) is an uncommon disorder first described by Roy Meadow in 1977. It was so named because of its similarity to Mun- chausen syndrome, a factitious disorder in which a person intentionall...
Misusing and Abusing the IoT - Now and in the Future The Internet of Things is the network of physical objects—devices, vehicles, buildings and other items which are embedded with electronics, software, sensors, and network connectivity, which enables these objects to collect and exchange data [1]. As the amount of devices connected to the internet of things is constantly on the rise, making it innately more secure and protecting those devices from abuse, in a sense of unwanted access , manipulation by third parties and other scenarios, is rapidly turning into a pressing issue. According to some sources there were about 13.4 billion connected devices back in 2015 and the projections show there might be up to 38.5 billion such devices in 2020 [2]. As the number of devices increases, the necessity for a proper security mechanism concerning those devices becomes a priority in order to safely adopt the evergrowing internet of things into e...
1. Society- people who interact in such a way as to share a common culture. The cultural bond may be ethnic or racial or geographical, based on gender, or due to shared beliefs, values, and activities. 2. Culture- beliefs, behaviors, objects, and other characteristics common to the members of a particular group or society. 3. A unitary state- a state governed as one single power in which the central government is ultimately supreme and any administrative divisions (subnational units) exercise only powers that their central government chooses to delegate. The majority of states in the world have a unitary system of government. 4. A federal state-- a political entity characterized by a union of partially self- governing states or regions under a central (federal) government. 5. A multinational state- A multinational state is a sovereign state which is viewed as comprising two or more nations. Such a state contrasts with a nation-state...
I teema. Sissejuhatus tsiviilõigusesse 1. Eraõigus õiguskorra osana Õiguse võib jagada: · Objektiivne õigus eelkõige õigusnormide kogu; õigusnorm üldkehtiv riiklikult tagatud kirjutatud käitumisreegel · Subjektiivne õigus võimaldab ise kuidagi käituda või nõuda kelleltki teatud käitumist, mis on riiklikult tagatud Objektiivne õigus omakorda jaguneb (mitte kõigis õigussüsteemides, vaid nendes, mis põhinevad Rooma õigusel): · Avalik õigus · Eraõigus õigusnormide kogum, mis reguleerib isikutevahelisi suhteid poolte võrdsuse alusel Eristamise kriteeriumid: · Huviteooria avalik õigus suunatud riigi huvide järgi, eraõigus isiku huvide järgi · Subordinatsiooniteooria avalik-õiguslikes suhetes osalejad pole võrdsed · Subjektiteooria avalikus õiguses alati osaleb riik või KOV võimu kandjana, eraõiguses käib kõikide subjektide kohta ? Õigussüsteemid: · Mandri-Euroop...
English lexicology 1. Size of English vocabulary Vocabulary is a sum total of words used in a language by speakers or for dictionary-making. Active and passive vocabulary. The Old English vocabulary was homogenous. There were about 50 000 – 60 000 words, 1/3 of which have survived. o About 450 loans from Latin o About 2000 from the Viking invasions. The Middle-English vocabulary became a heterogeneous hybrid of Germanic and Romanic languages. 100 000 to 125 000 words. o About 10 000 loans from Norman French, 75% are still in use o Continuing Latin influence Early Modern English. 200 000 – 250 000 words o English becomes a pluricentric language. o Polyglot. Cosmopolitan language Modern English. 500 000 words o At present at least 1 billion lexical units 2....
I Teema Õigusteadusest Õiguse topeltloomusest globaliseerumise tingimustes. Õiguse topeltloomusest on tänapäeval saanud üks kesksemaid doktriine. Robert Alexy selgitab topeltloomust läbi kahe dimensiooni ehk faktilise ja kriitilise. Oiguse faktiline külg tähendab õigust positiivses mõttes ehk selle sotsiaalset mõjusust. Oiguse kriitiline dimensioon tähistab õiguse loomuõiguslikku sisu ehk õigluse ideed. Neid kahte etappi tuleb selgelt üksteisest eristada, kuid nad on üksteist täiendavad ning läbi nende seotakse kaks õiguse dimensiooni üheks - kriitiline ja faktiline. Õiguse topeltloomusest arusaamiseks tuleb astuda kolm sammu: 1.Õigsus (küsida õigsuse kohta e vajalikkuse ja nõude sisu kohta. Õigus omab nõuet õigsusele. Õigsuse nõue tuleb tõstatada nende poolt, kes õigust loovad/rakendavad/tõlgendavad) 2. Diskursus (läbida see). Diskursusedoktriini põhiidee on praktilise õigsuse (õiguspärasuse) või tõe protseduuriline teooria. See rä...
Test 19 1 Translate. 1 Hollandi maadeuurijad kaardistasid Austraalia lääneranniku. Dutch explorers mapped the western coast of Australia. 2 Britannia saatis tuhandeid süüdimõistetuid Austraaliasse. Britain sent thousands of convicts to Australia. 3 Eukalüpt ja akaatsia on kõige tavalisemad taimeliigid. The Eucalyptus and the Acacia are the most common types of flora. 4 Känguru saad on umbes saja kilomeetri kaugusel lõunarannikust. Kangaruu Island is about 100km off the southern coast. 5 Austraalia taimestik on värvirikas. The flora of Australia is colorful. 6 Kängurud ja koaalad on kukkurloomad. The kangaroos and koalas are marsupials. 2 Complete the sentences with the where n...
A Bird In The Hand Is Worth Two In The Bush: Dry Run: Having something that is certain is much better than taking a risk for more, Rehearsal. because chances are you might lose everything. Elvis has left the building: A Penny Saved Is A Penny Earned: The show has come to an end. It's all over. By not spending money, you are saving money (little by little). Everything But The Kitchen Sink: A Piece of Cake: Almost everything and anything has been included. A task that can be accomplished very easily. Funny Farm: All In The Same Boat: ...
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