Writing a personal letter 1. Kirja paremasse ülanurka kirjuta koht, kus kiri on kirjutatud. See ei pea olema täielik aadress, kui just pole vaja kirja saatjale uut Aadressi teatada. Piisab linnast/ alevikust/ maast: London/ Wales/ Tartu/ Estonia. 2. Selle alla kirjuta kuupäev, kas numbriteha või kuu nimetust lühendades: 10/02, 10 Feb. Soovi korral võid ka lisada nädalapäeva ja/või aastaarvu: Tuesday 10 Feb 2007 / Tuesday 10/02/04 Punkte ega komasid pole kuupäeva kirjutamisel vaja. 3. Kiri algab kirjalehe vaakust äärest avafraasiga (opening phrase) Dear (Piret), millele võib järgneda koma. Kui kiri ise algab taandreaga avafraasile järgnevalt realt. Kirja avalauses (opening sentence) ja sissejuhatavas lõigus avaldada tänu saadud kirja/ postkaardi eest. 4. Kiri, nagu iga muugi kirjutis, peaks olema jagatud lõikudesse. Uut teemat alusta taandrealt uue lõiguga...
What is levels of formality? Search on the Internet leads to such subjects as "Levels of Formality in Language", "Formality levels of communication" , "Levels of formality in writing". Proceeding from it, it is possible to draw a conclusion, that levels of formality are almost everywhere. For a start it is worth understanding formality levels in Spoken language. Because the spoken language is used much more often. The first level of Spoken language is informal. Its use for routine messages delivered face-to-face with friends. Informal language is relaxed language with slang, contractions and humor. The second level is Semiformal. Its use for important messages to strangers(for example, Phone call). It is language with some contractions and personal pronouns. And the last one is Formal. Its use for serious messages and in other formal contexts. It is correct, serious language using complete sentences without slang. In a written languag...
Writing letters Formal letters institutions, strangers Semi-formal letters - acquaintances Informal letters friends, family Layout Always in paragraphs A paragraph starts with a space, which is as wide as your finger No empty rows Block style in the content of the letter Greeting and farewell on the left side The greeting and farewell have the same style Dear..................... ........................................................................ ............................................................................. ......................................................... ........................................................................ ............................................................................. ............................................................................. .........................................................................
Your Name 16, University Road Tallinn 12345 Tel: +372 55 555 555 2 October 2012 Sian Vernon Renault UK Limited Western Avenue Acton London W3 0RZ Dear Ms Vernon, I am writing to apply for the position of a Graduate Manager in the Marketing Department that was advertised in The Sunday Times on 15 March. I have attached my CV with the letter of application as requested. I am currently studying Business Administration in Tallinn University of Technology and am seeking for an opportunity to work in a company, which will offer interesting challen...
1. Nouns: how is the plural formed? The plural form of most nouns is created simply by adding the letter s: · more than one snake / snakes · more than one ski / skis · more than one Barrymore / Barrymores Words that end in -ch, x, s or s-like sounds, however, will require an -es for the plural: · more than one witch / witches · more than one box / boxes · more than one gas / gases · more than one bus / buses · more than one kiss / kisses · more than one Jones / Joneses BUT! Photos, kilos, pianos, zeros, studios, radios. When the word ends in the letter -y: · country / countries · family / families · story / stories Nouns ending in -f: (should be learned by heart) · calf / calves · elf / elves · half / halves · knife / knives · life /...
CV Name Paula Paju Personal details DOB 07/12/88 Address 7 Roo street Tallinn Harju 11914 Phone 6656582 Mobile 5552121 Email [email protected] Profile Highly-motivated, really good horse handling, kind, very good riding skills. Education Pelgulinna Gümnaasium 1-8 grades Pirita Majandusgümnaasi...
Võsa 7 Vasalemma 76101 Estonia John Black & Co 49 Crown Road Ambridge 10 March 2010 Dear Sir/Madam I am writing to apply for the position of Office Junior, which was advertised in Eesti Ekspress on 1 March 2010. I am currently employed as Junior Administration Officer in X-Global Services, where I am responsible for processing of orders and preparing bills. My duties also include answering to phone calls and e-mails. I graduated from the secondary school in 2007 and passed a course in office administration in 2008. I am fluent in Estonian and English. I believe I would be suitable...
INGLISE KEELE EKSAMI KONSPEKT Sisukord Sisukord ......................................................................................................................................... 1 Ajavormid ...........................................................................................
Shareholders aktsionärid Management juhtkond workforce tööjõud organisation chart organisatsiooniskeem Board of Directors juhatus/nõukogu Chairperson or President esimees Managing Director majandusjuhataja Chief Executive Officer tegevdirektor Senior managers tippjuht Company officers aktsiaseltsi personal Marketing turundus Public relations avalikud suhted Information technology IT infotehnoloogia Personnel or Human Resources inimressursid Finance rahandus Production tootmine Research and Development uuringu- ja arendustegevus recruit värbama tööjõudud position ametikoht apply for kandideerima letter of application avaldus covering letter avaldus curriculum vitae elulookirjeldus application form avalduse blanket short list/candidates/applicants taotlejad interview intervjuu hire palkama recruitment agency/search firm värbamisfirma retailing jaemüük retailers jaemüüjad shops/...
LETTER OF COMPLAINT Dear Mr Manager, I am writing to complain about the coffee set I bought from your shop two days ago. You have a really wide choice of beautiful coffee cups and sets. All your personnel was very competent and helpful. So I chose a lovely set. I was recommended to deliver the purchase to my house. I got the delivery in time, but then the trouble started. I started unwrapping the set and to my horror I discovered that two of the saucers were broken. I would be grateful if you could substitute the broken items, otherwise I have to return the whole set and claim a refund. I have got the receipt. Yours faithfully, Mrs Jean Smith TÕLGE: Kallis Hr Manager Kirjutan teile et kaevata kohvi koplekti üle mille ma ostsin teie poest kaks päeva tagasi. Teil on väga lai valik kauneid kohvi tasse ja komplekte. Terve teie personal oli väga kompetentne ja abivalmis. Nii et ma valisin armsa komplekti. Mulle soovitati ost kohale toim...
Motivation letter (Also called a „statement of purpose“ or „personal essay.“ 1st paragraph – a reason of writing, include a position you are applying for and where you heard about it. Expressions: Dear Sir/Madam; ending – Yours faithfully, your name. Dear Mr. Black; ending – Yours sincerely, your name. To whom it may concern; ending – Yours sincerely, your name. I came familiar with this advertisement in the newspaper, Internet, etc. I would like to apply for the (catering job) in your company. My interest in the (sales business) dates back to my childhood. There are several reasons why I decided to apply for the position: 1st, 2nd, ... . I am highly aware of the superb repurtation of your company. I am looking for a professional practice abroad. To provide some background indormation, I am a graduate student of ... . Regarding my academic experience, I am...
Letters Letters FORMAL, INFORMAL, TRANSACTIONAL TASK 1 Read the extracts and answer the questions. · Where are the extracts from? · What is the purpose of each letter? · How do they differ? · Which extracts are examples of formal letters? · How is the reader addressed in a formal letter? · What are the closing remarks for formal letters? · What is the salutation in a friendly letter? · How would you end extracts 1,2,3 ? · How would you begin the extracts 4 and 5? 1. Dear Mr Miller, I received your kind invitation to the reception. Unfortunately, owing to other commitments. I will be unable to attend ... 2. Dear Ralph, l just got your invitation to the company's event. l `m afraid I can't make it because I've a/ready made plans which l can "t change ... 3. Dear Sirs, I am writing to complain about the poor quality of ...
British Literature Ilya Zaitsev 10 class John Tolkien Was born in 3 January 1892 Bloemfontein. English writer, philologist, and Oxford university professor, best known as the author of the classic high- fantasy works The Hobbit, The Lord of the Rings. Tolkien was appointed a Commander of the Order of the British Empire by Queen Elizabeth II on 28 March 1972. His works The Hobbit and The Lord of the Rings form a connected body of tales, fictional histories, invented languages about a fantasy world called Arda, and Middle-earth. While many other authors had published works of fantasy before Tolkien,[ the great success of The Hobbit and The Lord of the Rings led directly to a popular resurgence of the genre. This has caused Tolkien to be popularly identified as the "father" of modern high fantasy literature. Biography. Childhood John Ronald Reuel Tolkien was born in Bloemfontein in South ...
The Eagle of the Ninth The hero of the book is Marcus, he decides to take back the his father's lost legion. Marcus had a family farm in Clusium. Marcus's mother and father are dead, because that, he leaved at Clusium. He went to his uncle, who lives in nearby Calleva. He purchases a gladiator as his personal slave. The slave name is Esca. Their realationship quickly becomes very friendly. Marcus sent the slave to the forest to catch a wolf. Esca got the wolf and carried it to Marcus. Marcus named her Cub. Marcus also met with Cottia. Cottia was pretty young girl who lived with her aunt and his uncle. Marcus wanted to find the Eagle of his father's old legion sign. He sets Esca free and asks him to join his journey. They started the trip, Marcus used his name as Demetris of Alexandria, to get information about the Eagle. They got some information by Guern, but Guern didnt join with them, because Guer...
Kordamine inglise keele eksamiks A 1.1 Read the text and answer the questions below. Dear Mary-Alice, It's been ages since I last wrote to you, isn't it weird? Yes, so it is, but, I do have a certain reason. Do you remember Sir Thom of the Minquettes'? That fine young man with fascinating blue eyes... Oh, my sweet Mary, you will never guess what happened yesterday! It was about seven o'clock in the evening when Lillian called me out for a walk you know I can't say `no' to my little sis. Anyway we went to the forest near the Swan Lake and, believe it or not, got lost! Awful! I was so scared... We walked and walked, not even knowing the direction we were heading to, until we reached a huge mansion. And the garden around it was so extraordinary... That is something you just must see! But neither the trees nor flowers could be as wonderful as the owner himself! Sir Thom treated us tea and sandwiches, not forgetting to show us way back ...
Exercises 1. Use the Present Simple of the verb be or have. ( 10 points ) Mary........blue eyes and blond hair, but her brother ........dark hair. He ........in his late twenties. He........married and........two sons. I........short, but my sister........tall. We........a dog and a cat. Our uncle........two dogs. They........brown. 2. Choose the correct item. ( 5 points ) e.g. The residents were made...D....their homes by the authorities. A leave B leaving C left D to leave 1) Ann is my best friend! We........each other for years A know B knew C knows D have known 2) Nicky........to San Francisco when the accident happened. A flies B has flown C was flying D has been flying 3) Why don`t you let her........her story? A finish B to finish C finishing D have finished 4) Tim........in a...
Riigieksami teiseks ülesandeks on kas essee või aruandekirjutamine; nõutud pikkuseks on 200 (+/- 10%) sõna. Esseed ja aruannet hinnatakse neljast kriteeriumist lähtuvalt: ülesandetäitmise täpsus, teksti korrasta tus, sõnavara ja grammatika. Essee (Essay) teemad on õppekava teemade põhjal sõnastatudarvamused või väited, mis puudutavad kaasaegset maailma janõuavad seisukohavõtmist antud küsimuses. Essee pi kkus onneli kuni viis lõiku. Esimene lõik moodustab sissejuhatuse, kusesimene lause peak s tõmbama lugeja tähelepanu (hook) ningpaar järgmist lauset peaksid viima sealt essee p õhiväiteni (thesis statement). Kaks kuni kolm lõiku peaksid nüüd põhiväidetavama. Igas lõigus esitatakse esi meses lauses väide (topic sentence) ja tõestatakse/toetatakse seda siis näidete, arvude võitsitaadiga (supporting evidence). Oluline on, et igas lõigusräägitakse ainult ühel teemal, ega hüpata ühelt argum endiltteisele. Viimane lõik moodustab kokkuvõtte ...
Report Title: ,,Pride and Prejudice'' Author: Jane Austen Genre: Romantic novel Setting (time): 19th century Setting (place): England Tone: a bit depressed, satirical, vivid Themes: love, pride, prejudice, family, women and marriage Introduction Pride and Prejudice was first published on 28 January 1813 and it talks about love and marriage, personalities and misunderstanding, pride and prejudice. The book concentrates on the characters search of love, bafflements and feelings. The story is told from a third point of view. Characters · Elizabeth Bennet: The protagonist of the novel and the second oldest of five sisters, Elizabeth is lively, sharp-tongued, intelligent and good-looking · Mr. Darcy: An extremely wealthy aristocrat. He is proud, egotistic and extremely conscious. · Jane Bennet: Jane is the oldest in the family. She is beautiful, good-tempere...
The effect of modern technology on our everyday life In the nowadays world, we are living in the era of advanced technology. Almost every activity that we do in our daily life is somehow connected with technology usage. It plays a major role not only in our lives, but also helped in development of various industries, changed education, entertainment. We can not measure this process and it`s impact on society, but one thing we can say for sure – technology has become part of pupils lives. There are so many advantages connected with technology and how it affected our everyday life. To start with, development of mobile technology, computers and internet made life easier. We can find information in sites like Google in a couple of minutes instead of looking for required information in books for hours. In the older times, writing a letter, sending and bringing to a required person took minimum a month; now this proce...
Report A report is based on facts/data etc. The writer knows more than the reader. The reader needs the information. A report should be clear and easy to follow. The person who reads it should find the information quickly. THINK: why you are writing the report, why the reader needs your report and what she might be interested in. Think about the best way to present the facts. If it’s a report of events (e.g. a traffic accident), describe them in chronological order. It should NOT be written like a letter! NO salutation/sign-off. Impersonal style (PASSIVE!), unless you make suggestions or give personal opinion – then you can use “I”. Formal language –no contractions, slang, etc. You can use the following format at the beginning of the report: To: From: (DO NOT write your own name. A member of the student committee etc. is fine) Subject: Basic structure 200 (+/- 10%) Introduction: Aim of the report Status of the writer (who ...
The origins of American literature The first Americans were explorers and settlers, adventurers and idealists who crossed the ocean in search of new opportunities or to escape the poverty and intolerance. Their writings were matter-of-fact accounts of life in America, which explained colonisation to Englishmen back in the homeland. An example of this form of writing is John Smith's A True Relation of Virginia, which is widely recognized to be the first example of Am lit. The early years of colonisation produced a mass of utilitarian writings including biographies, accounts of voyages, diaries, sermons, pamphlets. Much of the material addressed the problems of Church and State. There were few examples of fiction, poetry or drama. Anne Bradstreet of Massachusetts published some lyrical poems of high literary quality (1650) and Edward Taylor, who was born in England but lived in Boston, wrote some poetry in the style of John ...
Topic Libraries Tallinn English College 8b form 2007 1. Introduction A library is a collection of books. Libraries are maintained by a public body such as an institution or an individual. These collections are used by people who choose not to (or cannot afford) purchase an extensive collection themselves or who need professional assistance with their research. However, with the collection of media other than books, many libraries are now also access points for maps, prints or other documents and artworks such as microfilm, audio tapes, CDs, cassettes and DVDs. So, modern libraries are being redifined as places to get access to information in many formats and from many sources. In addition to providing materials, they also provide the services of specialists who are experts in matters related to finding and organizing inf...
FGI 1811 Proseminar (Irina Ladusseva) 2.0 AP Kab. 420 03.09.2002. Writing a term paper (this spring) and graduation paper. To get a pass: one written task (part of introduction, thesis statement) Term paper should be printed (20-25 pages long). Graduation paper should be printed (50-60 pages long). First write term paper, and choose a topic right now (theme of term paper later will be developed into graduation paper). Rights: we have a right to have a supervisor. Supervisor writes on the front page "Lubatud kaitsmisele". You need time to: 1. read the theory 2. collect material 3. regularity (1-2 hours a day deal with your paper) The first draft of term paper should be ready by March. Supervisors are: 1. Suliko Liiv (country study, grammar, contrastive studies, methodology) 2. Liliana Skopinskaja (methodology) 3. Jaanika Marley (foneetika, methods) 4. Ene Alas (translation, meth...
Personal statement ,,Whatever course you decide upon, there is always someone to tell you that you are wrong. There are always difficulties arising which tempt you to believe that your critics are right. To map out a course of action and follow it to an end requires courage." - Ralph Waldo Emerson This quato, mentioned before, gives me confidence to do great things myself in life and pursue them into bigger ones one day ahead. In these moments i like to remember what Napoleon Hill once said: ,,If you can´t do great things, do small things in a great way." The things is, that everyone has to start somewhere, to find their own way in this life-that is the reason why i am writing this letter at this very moment, to let you know, that i am ready to make a change. To introduce myself, i would use one word-determined. I am 19 years old girl from Estonia and i live in two cities at the same time. During...
1. The Jacobean masque Elizabethan one nation culture, now cultural polarisation between the new courtly culture and the rest of the country. Court in cultural isolation. Ben Jonson. King and courtiers were close to universally recognised ideal types (conflict with the reality). Mysticism. Emergence of perspective view, stage machinery, artificial light, revolution. The stage cast the monarch in the focal point (the lines of perspective of the stage met there. Inigo Jones. Masque an educative vehicle, towards classical antiquity and architecture. Tide towards absolute monarchy. Masque – linked poetry and moral philosophy into art. Music, dance, poetry, lavish illusionistic scenic display to express the doctrines of divine kingship. Great impact. Like gods come down to earth. 2. The Caroline masque Charles decided on subject matter, and acted and danced in masques. Now the regal divinity even more obvious. Ben Jonson. Divine m...
1. Be ready to explain the terms (lecture 1): language, linguistics, synchronic approach to language, diachronic approach to language, linguistic competence, linguistic performance, what is grammar?, prescriptive grammar vs. descriptive grammar; phonology, phonetics, phone, allophone, phoneme; morphology, morphemes (types of morphemes), morphs, allomorphs, types of affixes, derivational affixes, inflectional affixes; open vs closed class words; syntax. Language: a systematic, conventional use of sounds, signs or written symbols in a human society for communication and self-expression. - human language at all levels is rule- or principle-governed. Linguistics: the scientific study of human natural language Synchronic approach to language: Diachronic approach to language: Linguistic competence: Linguistic performance: What is grammar?: "The sounds and sound patterns, the basic units of meaning, such as words, and the rules to combine them...
Introduction The great French Revolution has been regarded to as one of the most influential events in modern Western history, and therefore there are various interpretations to explain how the Revolution evolved and what it was like. It is important to focus on very different kinds of historical evidence and sources to get a clear picture of the Revolution. Therefore, one must not forget to look not only at the written sources but also at the more cultural and artistic interpretations. One of the best examples of cultural and political distribution of the Revolutionary ideas was Jacques-Louis David, who, with his paintings, perpetuated The French Revolution from the Republican point of view. His art was mostly tightly connected to the main figures, events and ideas of the French Revolution. David had more than 5 pieces of art that captured the essence of the Revolution. His paintings represented political ethics, current ideals and fou...
CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES OF OLD ENGLISH - 15 monophtongs, (7 long, 7 short, 1 central), 4 diphtongs, 17 consonants. Free variaton of R, and it was pronounced everywhere. Very much Germanic in character. Quite some special consonants that no longer exist. About morphology: synthetic with numerous aglutinating tendencies. System of tenses Germanic, but with a reduction of tenses. Paradigmatic leveling; Stress shift; Word order; Loan words (Old Norse, Old French). Dual pronouns. Determiners - no separate definite article. Strong and weak verbs. Word order relatively free with tendencies towards SVO. SVO, SOV, VSO most common. Adposition and podposition were both possible (eesliide ja tagaliide). About syntax: clauses were joined much simpler than nowadays, using and, then etc. Because of case syncretion the word order in a sentence became much more important to be able to tell the difference between words. FIRST CONSONANT SHIFT (GRIMM'S L...
Book 1 BASIC ENGLISH BASIC ENGLISH GRAMMAR GRAMMAR BASIC ENGLISH GRAMMAR Book 1 Book 1 Younger students at beginning to intermediate levels will greatly benefit from this step-by-step approach to English grammar basics. This is the ideal supplement to your language arts program whether your students are native English speakers or beginning English language learners. Skill-specific lessons make it easy to locate and prescribe instant reinforc...
Some of the things you will learn in THE CODEBREAKERS • How secret Japanese messages were decoded in Washington hours before Pearl Harbor. • How German codebreakers helped usher in the Russian Revolution. • How John F. Kennedy escaped capture in the Pacific because the Japanese failed to solve a simple cipher. • How codebreaking determined a presidential election, convicted an underworld syndicate head, won the battle of Midway, led to cruel Allied defeats in North Africa, and broke up a vast Nazi spy ring. • How one American became the world's most famous codebreaker, and another became the world's greatest. • How codes and codebreakers operate today within the secret agencies of the U.S. and Russia. • And incredibly much more. "For many evenings of gripping reading, no better choice can be made than this book." —Christian Science Monitor THE ...
A... AA Auto Answer AAA Authentication, Authorization and Accounting AAB All-to-All Broadcast AAC Advanced Audio Coding AACS Advanced Access Control System AAL Asynchronous Transfer Mode Adaption Layer AAM Automatic Acoustic Management AAP Applications Access Point [DEC] AARP AppleTalk Address Resolution Protocol AAS All-to-All Scatter AASP ASCII Asynchronous Support Package AAT Average Access Time AATP Authorized Academic Training Program [Microsoft] .ABA Address Book Archive (file name extension) [Palm] ABAP Advanced Business Application Programming [SAP] ABC * Atanasoff-Berry Computer (First digital calculating machine that used vacuum tubes) ABEND Abnormal End ABI Application Binary Interface ABIOS Advanced BIOS ABIST Automatic Built-In Self-Test [IBM] ABLE Adaptive Battery Life Extender + Agent Building and Learning Environment [IBM] ABM Asynchronous Balanc...
TRANSPORT JA EKSPEDEERIMINE 2 KONTROLLTÖÖ KÜSIMUSED 1. Meretranspordi eelised ja puudused Eelised kaupade, eriti suurepartiiliste massikaupade veol, on meretransport paljudel juhtudel ainus tehniliselt võimalik transpordiliik; kaupade veol, eriti suurematele kaugustele, on meretransport reeglina kõige odavam ja sellest tulenevalt ka majanduslikult kõige otstarbekam transpordiliik; on üks kõige keskkonnasõbralikum transpordiliik – heitegaaside hulk ühe veoühiku kohta on kõige madalam, need sattuvad atmosfääri hajutatult ja elanikkonnast kaugel; omab suurt tähtsust inimeste rekreatsioonis – seda nii kohalikul kui ka rahvusvahelisel tasemel; omab suurt siseriiklikku regionaal-majanduslikku tähtsust, tagab “ääremaade” head transpordi- ja majandusühendused kesksete regioonidega; on veomahtudelt (tonn-miilides) transpordilogistika keti üks suuremaid...
4 tegevdirektor - a Managing Cirector tootmisjuht - a Production Manager firma töötajad - employees at the firm kaadriülem - a group leader müügijuht - a Sales Manager tootmisinsener - a Production engineer 5 töökas, hõivatud kontor - working, busy office vastutustunne - responsibility algpalk - starting salary sõltuvalt east ja kogemustest - depending on age and experience edutamise väljavaated - promotion prospects kandideerima / soovi avaldama kohale - to apply for a post lisama väljavõtte kvalifikatsioonidest - to enclose an outline of qualification ma olen nõus proovima - I'm willing to try huumorimeel - a sense of humor võime hakkama saada - an ability to cope with (something) thuande krooni ulatuses - within rnge of võõrkeeled on eeliseks - foreign languages are an advantage kuulutus sekretäri kohale - an advertisment for a secretary teadmisi omandama - to obtain knowledge eelneva kontoritöö kogemus - a previous office experienc...
Modal Verbs Table of Contents Introduction ......................................................................... 2 Characteristics of Modal Verbs ............................................. 2 When to use the Modal Verbs ............................................... 3 Expressing permission.......................................................... 3 Expressing obligation ........................................................... 3 Making offers........................................................................ 5 Making requests ................................................................... 6 Expressing possibility/probability......................................... 7 Asking about possibilities ..................................................... 7 Infinitives ............................................................................. 8 In...
Superstore Sales [1] Row ID Order ID Order Date Order Priority Order Quantity 1 3 10/13/2010 Low 6 2 6 2/20/2012 Not Specified 2 3 32 7/15/2011 High 26 4 32 7/15/2011 High 24 5 32 7/15/2011 High 23 6 32 7/15/2011 High 15 7 35 10/22/2011 Not Specified 30 8 35 10/22/2011 Not Specified 14 9 36 11/2/2011 Critical 46 10 65 3/17/2011 Critical 32 11 66 1/19/2009 Low 41 12 69 6/3/2009 Not Specified ...
English structure revision for the exam 1. Terms Language → A systematic, conventional (tavakohane) use of sounds, signs or written symbols in a human society for communication and self-expression. Human language at all levels is rule- or principle- governed (valitsema) meaning that language corresponds to the grammar. Natural language is usually spoken, while language can also be encoded into symbols (such as letters, morse etc) For example: Estonian, English. Linguistics → The scientific study of human natural language. Broadly, there are three aspects to the study which are Pragmatics (studies the use of language → interested in the gap between the sentence’s meaning and the speaker’s meaning). Semantics (concerned with the meaning of the language aspects and the way they change, also how objects and language and thinking and language are related). ...
LEXICOLOGY 1. Size of English vocabulary 1) Old English – 50,000 to 60,000 words Vocabulary of Shakespeare OE – homogeneous; 1/3 of the vocabulary has survived • 884,647 words of running text About 450 Latin loans (Amosova) • 29,000 different words (incl. work, working, Viking invasions added 2,000 worked, which are counted here as separate 2) Middle English – 100,000 – 125,000 words) English becomes heterogeneous (Norman French, • 21,000 words English, Latin), hybrid of Germanic and Romance languages Norman French influence – about 10,000 words, 75 % are still in use (Baugh) Latin influence continues 3) Early Modern English – 200,000 – 250,000 English becomes a polycentric language; polyglot, cosmopolitan lang...
The making of a new nation. The Enlightenment in America. The emergence of the notion of the American Dream. The great Enlighteners: Crèvecoeur, Jefferson, Paine, Franklin. The American Enlightenment is the intellectual thriving period in the United States in the midtolate 18th century (17151789), especially as it relates to American Revolution on the one hand and the European Enlightenment on the other. Influenced by the scientific revolution of the 17th century and the humanist period during the Renaissance, the Enlightenment took scientific reasoning and applied it to human nature, society, and religion. American Enlightenment a gradual but powerful awakening that established the ideals of democracy, liberty, and religious tolerance in the people of America. If there were just one development that directly caused the American Revolution and uplifted the intellectual culture of the continent while it was only a British colony,...
ccc_tracy_fm_i-xviii.qxd 7/7/03 3:22 PM Page iii CHANGE YOUR THINKING, CHANGE YOUR LIFE How to Unlock Your Full Potential for Success and Achievement B R I A N T R AC Y JOHN WILEY & SONS, INC. ccc_tracy_fm_i-xviii.qxd 7/7/03 3:22 PM Page i CHANGE YOUR THINKING, CHANGE YOUR LIFE ccc_tracy_fm_i-xviii.qxd 7/7/03 3:22 PM Page ii ccc_tracy_fm_i-xviii.qxd 7/7/03 3:22 PM Page iii CHANGE YOUR THINKING, CHANGE YOUR LIFE How to Unlock Your Full Potential for Success and Achievement B R I A N T R AC Y JOHN WILEY & SONS, INC. ccc_tracy_fm_i-xviii.qxd 7/7/03 3:22 PM Page iv ...
Edulugude võistlus Success-story competition „Small Town Inhabitants – Educated or Uneducated People“ To begin with, my childhood was quite ordinary, I spent a lot of time in my country home, spending most of my time playing. I have been raised by my mother. As I grew older, I got more and more interested in different things. At one point it occured to me that when I want to be successful in some field, then I really have to educate myself in that filed.When my friends have characterised me then they have mainly mentioned that I am an active person, who has been successful in different fields. I still do not think I am succesful because it is a really complicated definition, but I know that I have succeeded in doing several things. For me the key is my so called success has been that when dealing with a particular thing I have tried to delve into the subject as deep as possible. Firstly, when we are talking about success and asking t...
Äriplaan OÜ PHAT FARM Eesti esindus 2004 SISUKORD 1 SISSEJUHATUS............................................................................................................................ 2 ETTEVÕTTE ÜLDANMED.......................................................................................................... 2.1 NIMI, KONTAKTISIKUD, TELEFON................................................................................. 2.2 ÄRIIDEE JA MISSIOON....................................................................................................... 2.3 EESMARGID......................................................................................................................... 3 SENISED EDUSAMMUD........................................................................................................... 4 MAKROKESKKONNA, T...
Units 12-18 1. system of pandects pandektiline süsteem 2. general provisions üldosa 3. law of property asjaõigus 4. family law perekonnaõigus 5. law of sucession pärimisõigus 6. law of obligations võlaõigus 7. General Part of the Civil Code Act TsÜS 8. Law of Property Act AÕS 9. Family Law Act perekonnaseadus 10. Law of Succession Act PäRS 11. Law of Obligations Act VÕS 12. persons and transactions isikud ja tehingud 13. natural persons 14. legal persons 15. passive legal capacity õigusvõime 16. active legal capacity (an ability to independently asume civil rights and incur civil obligations) teovõime 17. live birth elussünd 18. bequeath property pärandama 19. mental state vaimne seisund 20. restricted active legal capacity piiratud teovõime 21. mental illness vaimehaigus 22. mental disability nõdrameelsus 23. mental disorder psüühiline häire (sickness ...
1 Grammatical Terminology PRACTICAL ENGLISH GRAMMAR FLGR.01.042 Grammatical Terminology analytic analüütiline (= uninflected - grammar is focused in the sentence , e.g. English) synthetic sünteetiline (= inflected - grammar is focused in the word, e.g. Estonian, Latin, Russian, Old English) ending lõpp (käände- ja pöördelõpud) marker tunnus (mitmuse, oleviku, lihtmineviku, tingiva kõneviisi, käskiva kõneviisi, kaudse kõneviisi, umbisikulise tegumoe, ma- tegevusnime, oleviku kesksõna, mineviku kesksõna) derivational affix liide, tuletusliide, tuletusafiks (e.g. postwar, anti-American, wiser, greenish) parts of speech sõnaliigid English Estonian ...
The Project Gutenberg EBook of Pride and Prejudice, by Jane Austen This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org Title: Pride and Prejudice Author: Jane Austen Release Date: August 26, 2008 [EBook #1342] [Last updated: August 11, 2011] Language: English Character set encoding: ASCII *** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK PRIDE AND PREJUDICE *** Produced by Anonymous Volunteers, and David Widger PRIDE AND PREJUDICE By Jane Austen Contents Chapter 1 Chapter 22 Chapter 2 Chapter 23 Chapter 43 Chapter 3 Chapter 24 Chapter 44 ...
BOOKS (From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia) A book is a set or collection of written, printed, illustrated, or blank sheets, made of paper, parchment, or other various material, usually fastened together to hinge at one side. A single sheet within a book is called a leaf, and each side of a leaf is called a page. A book produced in electronic format is known as an electronic book (e-book). Books may also refer to works of literature, or a main division of such a work. In library and information science, a book is called a monograph, to distinguish it from serial periodicals such as magazines, journals or newspaper. The body of all written works including books is literature. In novels and sometimes other types of books (e.g. biographies), a book may be divided into several large sections, also called books (Book 1, Book 2, Book 3, etc.). A lover of books is usually referred to as a bibliophile, or, more informally, a bookworm. A st...
Japanese festivals Japanese festivals are traditional festive occasions. Some festivals have their roots in Chinese festivals but have undergone dramatic changes as they mixed with local customs. Some are so different that they do not even remotely resemble the original festival despite sharing the same name and date. There are also various local festivals (e.g. Tobata Gion) that are mostly unknown outside a given prefecture. It is commonly said that you will always find a festival somewhere in Japan. Matsuri is the Japanese word for a festival or holiday. In Japan, festivals are usually sponsored by a local shrine or temple, though they can be secular. There is no specific matsuri days for all of Japan; dates vary from area to area, and even within a specific area, but festival days do tend to cluster around traditional holidays such as Setsubun or Obon. Almost every locale has at least one mat...
Individual Differences (Differential Psychology) Psychology 1 It is generally assumed that: Differential Psychology · People vary on a range of psychological attributes Ian Deary · It is possible to measure and study these individual differences · Individual differences are useful for explaining and predicting behaviour and performance Differential psychology reading Human...
Maturita Solutions Upper-Intermediate Workbook Key Unit 1 2 members of the royal family, politicians, reality TV contestants, 4 1 2 had known had been waiting singers and TV presenters 3 had enjoyed/had been enjoying 1A Talking about people ...
INGLISE KEELE GRAMMATIKA Present Simple Lihtoleviku moodustamine Jaatav vorm Eitav vorm Küsiv vorm I make I do not make Do I make? He/she/it speaks He/she/it does not speak Does he/she/it speak? We/you/they go We/you/they do not go Do we/you/they go? NB! ERANDID! · Verbidele, mis lõpevad ss, h, ch, tch, x või oga, lisatakse ainsuse kolmdandas pöördes es. he does he goes he misses he watches he mixes · Verbid, mis lõpevad yga, mille ees on konsonant, muudavad y iks enne es lisamist. fly he flies carry he carries Võrdle: say he says Lihtolevik väljendab: · Antud momendil toimuvat tegevust, mis ei väljenda kest...
SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY A century ago communication across any distance was dependent upon the telegraph or letters. No jets crossed the ocean, no television pictures enabled us instantly to see events in any part of the world, there were no worldwide telephone networks and no computers. It is just a short lifetime since humanity first travelled into space and discovered how fragile our planet looks. FROM FIREWORKS TO THE MOON At first glance you might think that there couldn't possibly be anything common between a 13 th century festival in China and the Apollo 11 moon landing in 1969. However, there is a link and that is that they both relied on the use of rockets. The Chinese first developed rockets by filling bamboo tubes with an explosive made from saltpetre, charcoal, and sulphur. The sealed tubes would be thrown onto fires during celebrations because it was thought ...
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