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Milking machine (0)

1 Hindamata
Punktid
Milking 
machine
Merlin -Hans Hiiekivi
Regards about inventing a 
milking machine
•  Development  of a usable milking 
machine  took several  decades of 
trial and  error
• Some editors of  19th   century dairy  
and ag publications acknowledged a 
need for a  good  milking machine, 
but, were dissatisfied with all that 
were being offered.  Others  
discouraged all  attempts  at machine 
milking, stating that it was unnatural 
or intrinsically injurious to the cow. 
Early  Cow Milking  Machines
• The earliest  devices  for  mechanical  milking 
were tubes inserted in the teats to  force   open  
the  sphincter  muscle, thus allowing the  milk  to 
flow. 
• Skillfully made tubes of pure  silver , gutta 
percha, ivory, and bone were marketed in the 
mid-19th century, and, in  fact , a few were  still  
being  sold  well into the  20th  century. 
• A  novel  milking  tube  illustrated in the  Scientific  
American in 1875, used a slide valve at the 
bottom  of each catheter to close off the opening. 
• Several U.S. patents were  granted  for milking 
tubes joined by flexible  rubber  tubing to  direct  
the  milk  to pail. 
• The extensive tubing increased the problem of 
contamination  already   present  with the use of 
catheters.
• .
• Catheter milking was blamed for 
various problems,  such  as spread 
of  disease , weakened sphincter 
muscles causing  continuous  
dribbling, and injury to the teats. 
• At this point, The American 
Agriculturist began to accept 
advertisements  for milkers, 
although , very few were printed. 
Their expressed opinion was that 
the milkers were of  little   value , but, 
did no apparent harm to the cows. 
Variety
• The great variety and number of early milking 
machines can be categorized into two groups, 
those that tried to emulate  hand  milking 
(mechanical  pressure  devices), and those that 
tried to emulate the sucking calf (vacuum 
devices). 
• Proponents of  both   types of milkers turned out an 
endless  variety of contraptions for over 50  years
until  the modern pulsator made the suction 
method the  clear  winner.
First  vacuum  milker ­
patents
• Hodges and Brockenden secured an  English   patent  for such a 
device in  1851
• In America, Anna Baldwin patented such a milker, using a 
pitcher  pump  and  bucket  in her patent illustration. 
• In  1859 , S.W. Lowe, of Philadelphia, patented a cup fitted with 
a diaphragm with 4  holes  for the teats. A hand cranked suction 
pump  drew  milk from all  four  teats at  once
• Such devices created a continuous suction on the udder, 
damaging the mammary tissue and frequently causing the cow 
to kick.  
• In 1859, John Kingman, of  Dover , NH, patented a tin  teat  
cup with elastic flange for use with a suction pump 
milker. 
• The first successful use of teat cups with a vacuum 
milker is  found in the 1860 patent of L.O. Colvin, perhaps 
America's most famous  inventor of early milking 
machines. This  lever  operated suction device drew a 
great response from the agricultural press. 
•  However , the Colvin milker still subjected the cow's teats 
to  constant  vacuum, causing  blood  to pool  there . Colvin 
sold the English patent for this machine for $5000, and, 
at least 1500 machines were sold in  England , according 
to an article in The Agricultural Gazette. 
• In  Scotland , William Murchland invented a very successful 
vacuum milker in 1889, which hung suspended under the 
cow. He was granted a U.S. patent in 1892. 
• The Murchland milker,  along  with the famous "Thistle" 
milker, was extensively tested by the  Highland  and 
Agricultural Society of Scotland in  1898
• Numerous  other  hand pumped suction milkers were 
devised in the next thirty years, with the  foot  operated 
Mehring machine being, perhaps, the  ultimate  in pre-
pulsator suction milkers. 
• Two cows  could  be milked at the  same  time, using this 
machine, with the  operator  sitting on it's bench,  between  
the cows, and  working  the foot levers to provide  vacuum. 
• The Mehring foot  power  machine was still marketed well 
into the 20th century and many were sold. A fine example 
was recently noted at one of the Brimfield shows, priced at 
$400.
Pulsator
• The pulsator was first introduced in the "Thistle" 
milker, using a steam driven vacuum pump. 
While the Thistle machine presented problems 
of sanitation, it proved an efficient milker. 
• In Hoard's Dairyman, in 1898, a reviewer of the 
Thistle machine demonstrated at the  Hamburg  
Exposition faulted the machine for its 
intermittent flow, as  observed  in the  glass  tube 
leading  to the milk vessel. That reviewer was Dr. 
Benno  Martiny, one of the most prominent dairy 
scientists of the time. 
• The pulsator, resulting in this intermittent flow is 
what  finally  led to a  really  workable milking 
machine. The USDA finally tested and  gave  it's 
approval to a pulsator milking machine in 1898.
Late  19th century
•  During  the late 19th century, while many inventors were 
struggling with the problems of the constant suction 
milkers, others were working on a great variety of 
mechanical devices to simulate hand milking. Most of  these  
devices  incorporated  rollers or fingers that intermittently 
pressed on the teat, often working from top to bottom. 
• Some of these devices were  simple , others were composed 
of hundreds of parts and worked by cranks. Such 
mechanical milkers were still being patented after the  turn  
of the century, despite the arrival of the pulsator machines.
• Mechanical milkers could not compensate for the  changing  
size of the cow's teats as milking progressed, and did not 
milk to completion. They also forced some milk  back  into the 
udder.
Thanks for looking

Document Outline

  • Slide 1
  • Regards about inventing a milking machine
  • Early Cow Milking Machines
  • Slide 4
  • Slide 5
  • Variety
  • First vacuum milker-patents
  • Slide 8
  • Slide 9
  • Pulsator
  • Late 19th century
  • Thanks for looking
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