Famine Carmen Kaljulaid 11 a World Hunger, Poverty & Famine: How They Fit Together 923 million people across the world are hungry. In essence, hunger is the most extreme form of poverty, where individuals or families cannot afford to meet their most basic need for food. Hunger manifests itself in many ways other than starvation and famine. Most poor people who battle hunger deal with chronic undernourishment and vitamin or mineral deficiencies, which result in stunted growth, weakness and heightened susceptibility to illness. Countries in which a large portion of the population battles hunger daily are usually poor and often lack the social safety nets we enjoy, such as soup kitchens, food stamps, and job training programs. When a family that lives in a poor country cannot grow enough food or earn enough money to buy
Irish Potato Famine During the 19th century, 2/3 of the Irish people lived in very poor conditions under the British rule they had to work for upper-class English landlords, who never set foot in Ireland. The work was to raise crop for a tiny piece of land (most of tenants had less than an acre) where they could grow food (potatoes) for their own families. Potatoes were grown because they have all the necessary vitamins in them and only the potatoes would suffice to feed a family when grown on such tiny holdings. In 1845 a fungus, called Phytophthora infestans (commonly known as potato blight) attacked the potato crop and destroyed half of it. Yet, this was not a catastrophe and people would pray for the next years' crop to be a proper one but it was even worse and on top of that, the winter of 1846 was the "severest in living memory". The crop, which previously had provided 60% of the nations' food...
Famine Autor: Causes Poverty is the principal cause of hunger.The causes of poverty include poor people's lack of resources, an extremely unequal income distribution in the world Harmful economic systems are the principal cause of poverty and hunger. http://www.worldhunger.org/articles/Learn/world%20hunger%20facts%202002.htm#W see on sait, sealt saad infi! Data On October 11, 2010, it was reported that the number of malnourished people in the world exceeded 1 billion people Six million children die of hunger every year Most of the malnourished people live in Africa, Asia and South-America. Almost 1 in 7 people are hungry The United Nations has three agencies that work to promote food security and agricultural development Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) World Food Programme (WFP) International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD) All three of these...
Pessimism vs. Optimism Different approaches to the ‘population-resources’ debate Malthus Task: View figure 13.57 (page 378 of Waugh). Draw the graph and discuss. Malthus believed that there was a finite optimum population in relation to food supply and that an increase beyond that point would lead to a decline in living standards and to war, famine and disease. An increase in the population above the optimum limit would therefore lead to war, famine and disease. A PESSIMISTIC approach Thomas Malthus (1798) proposed his work during the early stages of the industrial revolution when inadequate food and clothing were common features in England. His argument was that population increases (geometrically) or at an exponential rate if unchecked i.e. 1-2-4-8- 16-32 etc
-the age of women giving birth to a baby -religion -the availability of the contraceptives -the possibility of abortion -traditions of living together (cohabitation) -values: how people take the role, society's influence -role of society: different subsidies, supports or not -traditions: how many children are so called normal -role of men and women in the society -economic situation of the society (democratics, military reigme) DR influenced by: -age -povery and famine -different diseases, bad healthcare -unhealthy ways/habits of living (drinking, smoking etc) Well developed countries: -diseases of heart and blood vessels -cancer -accidents and suicides -HIV/AIDS -natural disasters Less dev. countries: -famine -AIDS/HIV -different diseases, epidemics -wars, conflicts -natural disasters THE COURSE OF DEMOGRAPHIC TRANSITION Highest peak of dem. explosion in the 18th c. Demographic transition slow proccess Importance of children 40% of population
with two men and their sled dog team. The men, Bill and Henry, are stalked by a large pack of starving wolves over the course of several days. Finally, four more teams find Henry, after all his dogs have been eaten and Bill has been killed, in a ring of coals from his fire in an attempt to keep the wolves away. The story then follows the pack, which has been robbed of its last prey. When the pack finally manages to bring down a moose, the famine is ended; they eventually split up, and the story now follows a she-wolf and her mate, One Eye. The she- wolf gives birth to a litter of five cubs by the Mackenzie River, and all but one die from hunger. One Eye is killed by a wildcat while trying to rob its den for food for the she-wolf and her cub. The surviving cub and the she-wolf are left to fend for themselves. The she-wolf later discovers his remains near the wildcat den.The cub comes across five
1. Destruction of the rainforests Trees are cut down to make room for cattle or to get paper and land Less clean air, Loss of natural habitat = die 2. Water pollution Factories, oil tankers, farmers use pesticities that get into our drinking water Sea life close to extinction, No clean drinking water, Beaches polluted 3. Air pollution Cars and factories give off fumes Cities will become impossible to live in, Breathing problems, Allergies 4. Famine Crops failing (saak ikaldub), Overpopulation = lack of food People die of hunger 5. Flooding Climate changes cause excessive raining, Polar icecaps melting (makes sea levels rise) People lose their homes, Loss of animals, Loss of land 6. Drought Lack of rain due climate changes All vegetation, animals and people die 7. Holes in the ozone layer Fumes and chemicals Sunrays become dangerous (skin cancer risk) 8
remainder in the north-east. The first settlements in Ireland date from 8000 BC. By 200 BC Celtic migration and influence had come to dominate the island. Relatively small scale settlement by both the Vikings and Normans in the Middle Ages gave way to complete English domination by the 1600s. Protestant English rule resulted in the marginalisation of the Catholic majority, although in the north-east, Protestants were in the majority. A famine in the mid-1800s caused deaths and emigration. Following a war of independence, Ireland was split into: the independent Irish Free State and Northern Ireland, which remains a part of the United Kingdom. The Free State left the Commonwealth to become a Republic in 1949. In 1973 both parts of Ireland joined the European Economic Community. The Troubles in Northern Ireland led to much unrest from the late 1960s until the 1990s, which subsided following a peace deal in 1998.
There is one song that has been played in every song festival and it is called Mu isamaa on minu arm. With the suport Of traditional song festival , in 1988 was born the singing revultion , when houndreds of thousands peoples gathered at the song festival ground to provide the political demand. LIVE ADE Live Aid was a dual-venue concert that was held on 13 July 1985. The event was organized by Bob Geldof and Midge Ure to raise funds for relief of the ongoing Ethiopian famine. It was one of the largest-scale satellite link-ups and television broadcasts of all time: an estimated global audience of 1.9 billion, across 150 nations, watched the live broadcast. In October 1984, images of millions of people starving to death in Ethiopia. Bob Geldof saw the report, and called Midge Ure from Ultravox, and together they quickly co-wrote the song, "Do They Know It's Christmas?" in the hope of raising money for famine relief.
IRISH IN 18TH AND 19TH CENTURIES. • AMERICA WAS DREAM TO MANY IRISH. • FIRST PEOPLE WHO CAME TO AMERICA WERE MAINLY EDUCATED PEOPLE. • BELIVED THAT AMERICA WAS RICH LAND FULL OF OPPURTUNITIES FOR EVERYBODY. • THE LETTERS INVITED PEOPLE TO FOLLOW THE HAPPY SETTLERS THROUGHT THE „GOLDEN DOOR“. A ‘NEW’ BEGINNING FOR THE POOR. • IN THE MIDDLE OF THE 19TH CENTURY MILLIONS OF BRITISH PEOPLE STARTED THEIR JOURNEY TO AMERICA FROM LIVERPOOL. • POTATO FAMINE IN 1845-1849: MANY IRISH PEOPLE LOST THEYR MAIN FOOD, THE POTATO CROP. • MANY IRISH PEOPLE PACKED THEIR THINGS AND LEFT TO LOOK FOR A BETTER LIFE IN AMERICA. HARDSHIPS ON THE ARRIVAL IN AMERICA. • MEDICAL EXAMINATION AT ELLIS ISLAND. • MEN-BUILDING BRIDGES, CANALS, OR RAILROADS. • WOMEN-MAIDS, COOKS, OR CARETAKERS. • ILLNESSES AND EARLY DEATH. • THEY HELPED EACH OHTER, GAINED POPULARITY, AND BECAME TRUE AMERICANS PROUD OF THEIR OWN NATIONAL TRADITIONS. NOWADAYS POPULATION
shoemaker of the Irish fairy kingdom, appears. He is no bigger than three feet tall and sometimes as small as twelve inches. Sightseeings The Giant's Causeway - is a fascinating natural wonder. The wild, primeval landscape is the very best of sea. The Ulster American Folk Park - near Omagh in County Tyrone Northern Ireland is an excellent way to experience the immigration of the Irish people during and after the great famine. The Cliffs of Moher - rise majestically almost 700 feet straight up from the Atlantic. It is a glorious sight, especially in the spring when it is the haunt of thousands of nesting sea birds (and mermaids--if you believe the locals). O'Brien's Tower, marks the highest point of 668 feet.
Native Americans suffered from the hands of the new settlers. A many educated people from Ireland, like teachers or doctors, left their country and came to America. They wrote letters to their families, where they said that America was full of new opportunities for everybody. In the middle of the 19th century many British people started they journey to America from Liverpool. A great number of settlers were the Irish who left their country after the Irish Potato Famine on 1845-1849, when families lost their main food, the potato crop. During the journey, many people suffered from illnesses or died. When the boats arrived at Ellis island, new settlers often had to wait a medical examination. As many Irish immigrants were uneducated, the man worked at building bridges, canals and women became maids, cooks. Poor living conditions, lack of food and medical care led to illnesses and an early death. The population of the USA is more than 300 million
kasutata. Eksport ja import • Peamised eksportkaubad on elusloomad, banaanid, loomanahad, kala, puusüsi, vanametall • Peamised ekspordi partnerid on Araabia Ühendemiraadid 49,7 %, Jeemen 21,4 %, Omaan 5,9 % • Import: makaroonid, rafineeritud suhkur, nisujahu, palmiõli, Alatoitlus • Rahvaarv 8,8 milj • Rahvaarv 2050 aastaks: 21,3 milj • Ennustatav eluiga 47,1a http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/05/02/somalia-famine- • Rohkem kui 850’000 children_n_3201449.html#s492265 inimest on hädas toiduga http://somalilandpress.com/somalia-global-warming-may- have-fueled-somali-drought-40516 • Näljahäda on tapnud 133’000 last alla 5 eluaasta, kokku on surnud nälga 260’000 inimest Tumepunasega on tähistatud piirkonnad, kus on nälgimine kõige suurem Kasutatud allikad: • http://www.huffingtonpost.com/tag/somalia-hunge r/
............ in spring, now we come across ................ rivers there. (üleujutused, kuivanud) III Make up dialogues/discussions using the following words and expressions a) campaigners for green living appalling problems, reverse, consumption, contamination, depletion of ozone layer, artificial fertilizers, pesticides, recycle, local/regional/global problems, destruction, prediction, depletion, remorseless b) farmers in the Amazon region acid rain, organic farming, poverty, famine, floods, fertile land, fell trees, dry up, clog up, growth of population, disaster, beyond our control, protection, eruption, reduction c) owners of a paper factory in Estonia waste chemicals, dump industrial waste, fuel/electricity consumption, energy-efficient, beyond our control, biodegradable waste, landfill, soot, exhaust fumes, reusable materials, emission, penetration, pollution, inadmissibly high IV Explain the meaning of the words
shipments by the RIAA, giving it Double Diamond status in the United States. The videocassette of the documentary The Making of Michael Jackson's Thriller sold over 350,000 copies in a few months. He also co-wrote the charity single "We Are the World" in 1985 with Lionel Richie, which was released worldwide to aid the poor in the U.S. and Africa. It became one of the best-selling singles of all time, with nearly 30 million copies sold and millions of dollars donated to famine relief. Jackson founded the "Heal the World Foundation" in 1992. The charity organization brought underprivileged children to Jackson's ranch to enjoy theme park rides that Jackson had built on the property. The foundation also sent millions of dollars around the globe to help children threatened by war, poverty, and disease.
Community didnt want colours, because they wanted that all people are the same colour. 7. Because they wanted that all people have same colours. They didint want the human race porblems. They want sameness. 8. Because when community have some problem then the giver can help them by using the memories. For example the giver helped when community wanted to put more children in one family, then the giver told that it is bad idea because then come famine. 9. Because he loved Gabe and he shared his memoris with Gabe. Jonas cared for Gabe. 10. Because they didnt ask for his wisdom often and they werent able for change. 11. He wants to let Jonas know that there was pain on the world, and the world isnt perfect at all. 12. The basic difference here is that Jonas's first experience with snow was pleasant, but second experience isnt. Jonas enjoyed the first experience. He was sledding and was exhilarating and fun
.... energy resources. A) run out of B) get into C) keep up with D) come up against j) We must believe that problems can be solved, and not just …..... A) make up B) look up C) give up D) put up 4 Replace the words in italics with a word or phrase from the box. Banned ignored increased polluted solved flooded improved overpopulated protected unemployed a) Smoking has been made illegal in pubic places in some countries b) Famine is a serious problem, and it hasn't been dealt with yet c) Many kinds of wild animals need to be guarded by the law d) Living conditions have been made better in some parts of the world. e) Our local lake has been made dirty by nearby factories f) A problem which is not thought about does not simply go away g) A lot of people in industrial areas are without work h) After the recent storms, the town was filled with water i) Some countries are inhabited by too many people
Proposal and the purposes of using this specific genre. The pamphlet reveals a vast number of social and religious problems: one of the major at those days was beggary. The satire was written in 1729, at the time, when economic situation of the country was extremely prejudiced by another crop failure. Thousands of poverty-stricken Irish were dying of starvation, causing the country's population to fall. However, despite the famine and constantly increasing number of deaths, the government did not implement measures to improve the existing situation. Thence, Swift, being an Irishman by birth and feeling disappointed of the ruling classes, proposes a solution to the problem by publishing his shocking work, the bitterest satire A Modest proposal for Preventing the Children of Poor People in Ireland from Being a Burden to Their Parents or Country, and for Making Them Beneficial to the Public (1729).
Caesar),brought their own civilization,taught Britons to build roads,bridges,houses,baths,temples,protected Britain for several hundred years,4thBC Romans left Britain,43AD Queen Boadicea of Iceni tribe lost their battle with Romans. Who were the next invaders and where did they come from? Anglo-Saxons came from northern Germany,Denmark and northern Holland. What was their lifestyle like?Anglo-Saxons liked fighting,drinking,gambling,life expectancy not very long(famine,epidemics,unhealthy living conditions,climate- cold,damp) How did Britain become Christian?Britain was Christian under Romans.Pope Gregory I sent Augustine to bring Christianity back to England.Augustine became 1st Archbishop of Conterbury.With Christianity came Latin learning. Venerable Bede wrote in Latin 1st history of England. Normans broke the power of the Anglo-Saxons. Medival period Social order:1)The King-the most powerful person-owned land,led the army,made laws,demanded money through
3. Demographic explosion 4. Demographic crisis means that BR=DR 5. . 6. The NORTH: structural unemployment (enough places, but no people), vocational education (kutseharidus), 10-12% unemployed people. 7. It is a discrepancy(erinevus) between the birth and death rate. It shows nation's increase of population or the opposite. 8. Because there are no vacant places, where people could live anymore. 9. Diseases, accidents, aging, crime, religion, poor healthcare, etc. 10. 1. Famine, 2. AIDS, 3. Diseases. 11. Teine rühm 1. Why is population a very changeable phenomenon? 2. Speak about traditional alternation of generations. 3. Name the factors that cause the end of demographic explosion. 4. Speak about ageing. 5. Speak about the course of demographic transition since 1950s. 6. Speak about full employment in the SOUTH. 7. What is balance of migration? 8
The perennial question can invariably be wherever to begin. If we have a tendency to take time to browse the teachings of Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi, Kung futzu or take many minutes to seem at the Bible, the common divisor lies with the "Golden Rule" that teaches "not to try to to unto others what we have a tendency to don't wish others to try to to unto us". This teaching rings true even nowadays after we look into however folks ar treated in some elements of the planet. War, violence, famine and social injustices ar all handmaids of the devil. If we attempt to treat people sort of a brother, living harmoniously with each other, treating one another justly and fairly, there would be no conflict and also the rest follows. For this reason, so as to realize world peace, we'veto begin with ourselves. we've to be agents of amendment and ambassadors of fine can. we should alwayslearn to measure with our neighbors peacefully and do business with one another fairly and honestly.
culture to the colonies. On the other hand the Empire also helped its subjects to develop in a positive sense. In overall Britain ruled several parts of the world, like India, parts of Africa, New Zealand, Canada, and Australia, but also Ireland. Just to prove my point I will give some examples how the British Empire affected its subjects. In the 19th century British culture and way of life became predominate in Ireland. In the 1840s the potato crop failed two years in a row and a terrible famine occurred. Millions of peasants, those with Irish Gaelic language and customs either died or emigrated. As a result by the end of the century almost the whole population were using English as their first language. On the other hand the British Empire is not considered to be a very imposing ruler. For example in the 19th century in India a distinct Anglo-Indian way of life developed. As India was so far away from Great Britain, the British officials basically spent their
of the Brothers was founded. In 1979 the Contemplative branch of the Brothers was added, and in 1984 the Priest branch was established. The Society of Missionaries has spread all over the world, including the former Soviet Union and Eastern European countries. They provide effective help to the poorest of the poor in a number of countries in Asia, Africa, and Latin America, and they undertake relief work in the wake of natural catastrophes such as floods, epidemics, and famine, and for refugees. The order also has houses in North America, Europe and Australia, where they take care of the shut-ins, alcoholics, homeless, and AIDS sufferers. The Missionaries of Charity throughout the world are aided and assisted by Co-Workers who became an official International Association on March 29, 1969. By the 1990s there were over one million Co-Workers in more than 40 countries. Along with the Co-Workers, the lay
There's no doubt that these large monopolies have a great deal of power. If we let them finance important developments such as digital television, you can be sure that they'll market technical devices which can only receive their own TV broadcasts. Well, there's no doubt that a proper understanding of their problems is needed before we can go much further. Surely, there are immediate things like food aid to countries hit by drought or famine Surely, most of these resorts would have bus services. Surely, there's more to marriage than having children. 4.4 Expressing high probability I expect that Japan could adapt. It has a highly skilled workforce and a good technological base. I believe you've been working on a transport policy for Britain. I doubt whether they could act as an effective deterrent while the detection rate is so low.
But as the riper should by time decease, meessoost sõbrale, järgmised naisele, keda ta His tender heir might bear his memory: But thou contracted to thine own bright eyes, ise nimetab Dark Lady. Shakespeare Feed'st thy light's flame with self-substantial fuel, Making a famine where abundance lies, Thy self thy foe, to thy sweet self too cruel: armastab enda tahtest hoolimata just seda Thou that art now the world's fresh ornament, And only herald to the gaudy spring, naist. Within thine own bud buriest thy content,
Lasteküla Eesti Ühinguga. Mina aga võtan vaatluse alla rahvusvahelise abiorganisatsiooni nimega Oxfam. Mis asi on Oxfam ja millega ta tegeleb ? Oxfam on rahvuvaheline abiorganisatsioonn, mis asutati 1942. aastal Inglismaa linnas nimega Oxford. Algselt mooudustati gruppidest ja inimestest, kes ei kuulnud valitsusse ehk võib öelda vabatahtlikest. Organisatsiooni nimetus tuleneb siis ,,Oxford Committee for Famine Relief" (tõlk. Oxfordi komitee, et vähendada näljahäda). Tegemist on 17-liikmelise organisatsiooniga, kuhu kuulub 16 riiki ja üks Kanada provints ning ühtekokku abistavad aktiivselt 94 abivajavat riiki. Peakontor ja sekretariaat asub Oxfordis. Organisatsioon tegeleb vaesuse võitlmisega, looduskatastroofi tagajärgede leevendamisega, inimõiguse propageerimisega ja diskrimineerimisega. Nagu meil paljudel on ka Oxfamil enda visioonid ja eesmärgid
water. When the London sewerage system was completed, the death toll in London dropped dramatically, and epidemics of cholera and other diseases were curtailed. Bazalgette's system is still in use today. As the capital of a massive empire, London became a magnet for immigrants from the colonies and poorer parts of Europe. A large Irish population settled in the city during the Victorian period, with many of the newcomers refugees from the Great Famine (1845-1849). At one point, Irish immigrants made up about 20% of London's population. London also became home to a sizable Jewish community, and small communities of Chinese and South Asians settled in the city. London popultsion 1801 -- 959,300 1831 -- 1,655,000 1851 -- 2,363,000 1891 -- 5,572,012 1911 -- 7,160,525 4
l issu peak , bu es. to t deep The familiar folktale, "Hansel and Gretel", is an example of this fine line. The manifest purpose of the tale may primarily be one of mundane instruction regarding forest safety or secondarily a cautionary tale about the dangers of famine to large families, but its latent meaning may evoke a strong emotional response due to the widely understood themes and motifs such as "The Terrible Mother", "Death," and "Atonement with the Father." Ther e c psyc a holo n be e well gica b l sc oth a
London is a growing city with a populatsion of more than seven million. It is also a multicultural city, as it been since Roman times. Now about a quarter of the capital's inhabitans are members of ethnic minorities. The Irish community The largest nonEnglish group in London is the Irish community. People from Ireland first went to London in large numbers in 1845, when disease killed their potato crops, leading to famine. Many still emigrate there. The city's Irish population in over 250,000, and there are also many people who were born in London but have Irish parents. Pakistanis and Bangladeshis Thousands of Pakistanis and Bangladeshis live in London, mostly in the east. The inner London borough of Tower Hamlets is home to about half the city's Bangladeshis. The heart of the community is a street called Brick Lane, lined with inexpensive restaurants that attract Londoners and tourist alike
borrowed from Latin, Greek, English etc.; since 1995 the 14th of March is celebrated as the Mother Tongue Day, in 2000 UNESCO declared 21 February World Mother Tongue Day; the first estonian calendar was published in 1731, radio broadcasts started in 1924, book was published in 1535 Population: In the 13th cen. The population numbered between 100000 and 200000, but this figure changed as a result of wars, epidemics, migration and famine during the centuries followed; in the mid-1800s many estonians emigrated to Russia, North-America etc. to find a farmland better living conditions, estonians made 88.2% of the total population of their native land; WW II caused war casualties, deportations and mass emigration of refugees, in 1945 there were 854000 people in Estonia; Estonians, Russians, Ukrainians, Belorussians, Finns and others were the communities; citizenship was given to the poplke who had held it before 16 June 1940
Empire strongest in 1920 ( the peak ) The Crimean War Between Russia and the alliance of France, Turkey, Austria and Britain to halt Russian expansion into the Balkans Russia lost, many casualties on both sides Florence Nightingale ( Lady With the Lamp ) first woman to run a field hospital turned nursing into a true profession The Boer War 18991902 Britain fought against to republics in South Africa and made them part of the British Empire The potato famine in Ireland 18451850 great disaster 1mln died, 1mln emigrated Charles Dickens (18121870) famous novelist 'Oliwer Twist' and 'The Pickwick Papers' The 20th c. The House of SaxeCoburgGotha 19011910 King Edward VII an able monarch, Queen Victoria's eldest son 19101936 King George V changed the family name to Windsor in 1917 World War I 19141918 'It will be over by Christmas' (wrong) the Allies vs. Germany,AustriaHungary,Turkey Fighting for independence in Ireland
1775 James Watt reinvented the steam engine The 19th Century Most important american colonies were lost in war of independence In the beginning of the century at war with France By the end of the century Britain controlled the biggest empire in the world The british culture and way of life and language came to predominate in Ireland 1840 the potato crop failed and there was a huge famine in ireland Another part of the empire was made up of acnada, australia and new zealand where settlers from the british isles formed the majority of the population. India was guarded but the culture there was too old and powerful South africa and carribbean were also british colonies a change in attitude in britain towards colonies gavenew encouragement to the empire builders (at first colonization was a matter or settlement or military
. , persuading us to buy more or vote Republican? Did children turn to violence through watching it, either because so many programmes taught them how to shoot, rob, and kill, or because they had to do something to (3) ….. the hours they had spent (4) ….. to the tiny screen? Or did it simply create a vast passive audience, drugged by glamorous serials and inane situation comedies? On the other hand, did it increase anxiety by (5) ….. the news and (6) ….. our living rooms with war, famine and political unrest? 1) A around B there C ready D here 2) A information B messages C data D communications 3) A counteract B negate C offset D compensate 4) A attached B fixed C glued D adhered
For them it's a bit later and since England doesn't really have much snow, they have other activities. 26. Write about the Scots' struggle for independence in the 14th century. England wanted to add Scotland to themselves, so the Scots had to fight them. William Wallace ("Braveheart") and king Robert the Bruce fought them off. In 1328 England acknowledged Scotland's independence. 27. How come that there are so many Irish people in the United States today? During the "potato famine" a lot of Irish people fled to America, because otherwise they might have died from hunger. 28. What do you know about the City of London? It has its own major, is a part of London, not the whole city. St. Paul's Cathedral is also located in the City. 29. Explain the difference between these terms: England, the United Kingdom, Great Britain, the British Isles. England is one part of the United Kingdom which includes of 4 countries. Great
Protestants are given the right to hold government posts and become MPs. NINETEENTH-CENTURY ❀ Britain had lost its most important American colonies in a war of independence ❀ War with France, during which an invasion by a French army was a real possibility ❀ Britain controlled the biggest empire the world had ever seen ❀ One section of this empire was Ireland. ❆ the potato crop failed two years in a row and there was a terrible famine. Millions of peasants, those with Irish Gaelic language and customs, either died or emigrated. ❀ Another part of the empire was made up of Canada, Australia, and New Zealand ❆ These countries had complete internal self-government but recognized the overall authority of the British government ❀ Another was India, an enormous country with a culture more ancient than Britain's.
Stephen Gardiner (who had presided over the wedding of Mary and Philip), and Bishop Edmund Bonner. Personally, Mary suffered from depression, anxiety, and neuralgia. Her phantom pregnancies were very probably the result of severe stress, and perhaps the extension of a character that was pious, conventional, and introspective. Her reign, too, was a difficult one. War in Europe, failure to reform the English Church, famine, and epidemics obscure some of the more positive aspects of Marian government such as the reform of the currency, the navy, and customs. Mary died in London on November 17, 1558, and was succeeded by her half-sister Elizabeth. Elizabeth I Elizabeth I (1533-1603), Queen of England and Ireland (1558-1603), and the last ruler of the Tudor dynasty.
5. What is meant by Home Rule? Home Rule was a movement that sought to repeal the Acts of Union 1800. The Home Rule Act, was meant to permit Ireland self-government within the UK. 6. Changes in the number of population since the 1840s. 1841: 6.5M in Ireland, 8.2M on the island 1901: 3.2M in Ireland, 5M on the island 1951: 3.0M in Ireland, 4.4M on the island 2011: 4.6M in Ireland, 6.4M on the island Causes of emigration from Ireland. The Irish Famine caused some 150,000 people to leave the island. The Great Famine (1845-52) killed roughly a million and prompted another million to emigrate. In 1890, 40 % of Irish people were living abroad "Exodus in reverse" has been used to describe Irish people returning to Ireland, especially from the US. Immigration from many countries, but mostly from Poland, the UK, Lithuania, Latvia, Nigeria and Romania. Is Ireland still an emigration country? No 7
King John's reign lasted until 1216. Then the power was taken over by his son King Henry III. He leaded England for a very long time, until 1272. He was succeeded by his son Edward I. Edward I conquered Wales in 1284. He also tried to conquer Scotland and it even went right for him but only temporarily. Under the direction of Robert Bruce Scotland managed to restore its independence. In 1307 he was succeeded by Edward II, his son. In 1311-1315 there was the Great Famine. There was a series of cold and wet springs and early winters that reduced harvests throughout western Europe, and by the Spring of 1315, about ten percent of the population had died of starvation, and a number more had perished of illnesses that they could not fight off in their malnourished state. Edward II's reign lasted until 1327 when the leading was taken over from him by his son Edward III. The Hundred Years War began in 1337.
the Victorian age? Politics: 1848 Chartist movement (voting right for the working class); women's suffrage movements; feminist outburst (wanted to have business openly; own property, voting etc.); world dominion (British empire); Economy: Industrialization; urbanization (people moved to towns no agriculture & food); laissez- faire economy new type, where government has no control over economy; booming economy- needed new markets and endless supply of raw materials; 1845- potato famine in Ireland, 1846- Corn Laws (import of cheap corn to feed hungry people); Social life: religious doubts (Darwin's The Origin of Species 1859)- question raised: is there a God at all?; sexual liberation- changed people thoughts about sex (before men & women had different bedrooms); problems: alcoholism, prostitution, child workforce, primitive technology. · How did the class structure change?
It was a period when many machines were invented and factories established. Factories meant more work for people but the conditions were inhuman. By the end of the 18th century Britain was the most industrialised country enjoying an international trade boom. During the late 18th century a huge network of canals and railways were built. Telegraph lines, magazines and newspapers became a part of every day. In the 1840s, when Britain was struck by famine, millions of citizens had to live in overcrowded tenements and their work regimes came close to slavery. The Victorian Age Encompass / n'kmps / ümbritsema, hõlmama Inconsolable / nkn'slbl / lohutamatu Withdraw / w'dr: / taanduma, tagasi tõmbuma The Victorian Age lasted from 1837 to 1901, when the throne belonged to Queen Victoria. She liked to be involved in the affairs of state and this resulted in Britain being the
3. The English conquest of Ireland began in the 12th century by Henry II. 4. King James I settled English and Scottish Protestants in the province of Ulster. This has resulted in conflicts between the Irish Catholics and the "planted" Protestants. 5. Home Rule was the name given to the Movement of Independence in 1916. Ireland demanded independence, self-government and freedom from the UK. 6. During the 1840s, the population decreased deeply due to Great Famine, which caused death and emigration. Now, population is changing and Ireland has become an immigration country Irish people are coming back; immigration from other European countries. 7. Irish Free State was a dominion, which was established in 1921. Six counties of Northern Ireland remained in union with Britain. The Republic of Ireland was established in 1949 and was no longer ruled by the British monarch or part of the Commonwealth. 8
Jonathan Dekel-Chen lectures, Jews in the USSR, 1917-2000 1937 census didn't get published. 1939, pretty accurate for Js. 3.1 mill Js in pre- Molotov-Ribbentrop area. 1939, 2.2 mill. Js not shy about declaring Jewishness. Inherits 1.3 mill in Poland. Similar # annexed by Germ. 250,000 in Lithuania. 330,000 Bessarabia. Back to pre-1917 #s of Sov Jewry. 5 ½ mill of pre-war levels. Pre-mature deaths during famine of '21-'22, '31-'33, 7 years of war, emigration up to 1924 (vast majority to West, 3rd and 4th aliyahs). J pop growth still significant, high birth rates, but pop static. Grows more in SU than anywhere else few leaving, pop growth significant. Vast majority in W borderlands. Very few emigrate during year and a half from annexed areas. Germans occupied Leningrad-Moscow-Stalingrad, all and more of former Pale. 1939, started evacuating. Stalin thought 43-44, war
''Green Spot'' ''O'Briens'' ''Greenore'' Ryanair on Iirimaa odavlennufirma, mille kodulennuväljaks on Dublini lennujaam ja 42 välislennuvälja. Ryanair opereerib üle 230 Boeing 737-800 üle 1100 lennuliini Euroopas ja Marokos. Ryanair on Euroopa suurim odavlennufirma, reisjate arvu poolest Euroopas kolmas lennufirma ja rahvusvaheliste reisjate arvu poolest maailma suurim. Firma asutati 1985. aastal. RAHVASTIKU SOOLIS-VANUSELINE KOOSSEIS ''Great Famine'' - See oli aeg, kus levis haigus, mis tuli kartulitest. Täpsemalt tuli see kartuli lehemädanikust, mis oli tulnud seenest nimega Phytophthora infestans. Kui suure osa rahvastikust moodustavad lapsed, tööealised ja vanemaealised inimesed? 2006. aastal, moodustavad alla 15 aastased Iiri rahvastikust 17%; tööealised vanuses 15-65 a 73%; üle 65 aastased 10%. Kas selle riigi rahvatik vananeb? Iiri rahvastik vananeb küll. Vaadates kahte erineval ajal tehtud tabelit näeme, et 1985
also translated into the French and Dutch languages. The book's success had an unfortunate side effect: his friends and mentors feared that the publicity would draw the attention of his ex-owner, Hugh Auld, who could try to get his "property" back. They encouraged him to go on a tour in Ireland, as many other ex-slaves had done in the past. He set sail on the Cambria for Liverpool on August 16, 1845, and arrived in Ireland when the Irish famine was just beginning. Douglass actually published three versions of his autobiography during his lifetime (and revised the third of these), each time expanding on the previous one. The 1845 Narrative, which was his biggest bestseller, was followed by My Bondage and My Freedom ten years later in 1855. After the Civil War, he brought out Life and Times of Frederick Douglass in 1881, which he revised in 1892. Travels to Europe
Victoria gave birth to nine children during her 20- 4 year marriage to Albert. Prince Albert's death in 1861 left Victoria inconsolable and she withdrew from most public appearances for years. 1853-1856 the Crimean War, which took place in Russia. The war was won by the British. 1899-1902 the Boer War saw the British army fight successfully against two Boer republics and make them part of the British Empire. The Potato Famine hit Ireland between 1845 and 1850 and was one of the greatest natural disasters the Western world has seen. Ireland lost about half of its population, people relied on the potato as their staple diet. Charles Dickens is considered one of the greatest English novelists of all time. He became a very rich man and used his wealth for the causes closest to his heart, such as the antislavery movement, social housing projects and international copyrighting laws.
and its hinterland. In addition, there were increasing numbers of Africans entering the south, as a result of the slave trade, and this dramatically increased in the eighteenth century: a population of little more than 2,500 black slaves in 1700 had become about 100,000 by 1775, far out-numbering the southern whites. [3, p.35] The nineteenth century saw a massive increase in American immigration, as people fled the results of revolution, poverty, and famine in Europe. Large numbers of Irish came following the potato famine in Ireland in the 1840s. Germans and Italians came, escaping the consequences of the failed 1848 revolutions. And, as the century wore on, there were increasing numbers of Central European Jews, especially fleeing from the pogroms of the 1880s. In the first two decades of the twentieth century, immigrants were entering the USA at an average of three-quarters of a million a year. In 1900, the population was just over 75 million
been observed. Consequently, a growing number of exotic animals are now on the verge of extinction. More disappointingly, the above- mentioned climatic changes, combined with heedless deforestation and noxious industrial emissions will not only affect animal life by changing important habitats but will also contribute to soil erosion and leaching. Thus, crop yields are expected to continue to drop in coming decades, resulting in widespread famine. Moreover, many regions will face dwindling water supplies as the result of shrinking glaciers and snowpack, evaporation, and the infiltration of salt water. Acute food and water shortages will presumably bring about manifold health problems. To summarise the situation, having no visible manifestation, global warming has been affecting the earth for quite a while now; the effects of climate change, while not immediate, are potentially catastrophic
Hospital conditions though were atrocious: there was no room for all the patients. Florence Nightingale was the first woman to run a field hospital in Turkey during the Crimean War. She later set up a school for nurses, turning nursing into true profession. The Boer War, also called the South African War (1899-1902) saw the British army fight successfully against two Boer republics and make them part of the British Empire. The Potato Famine, which hit Ireland between 1845 and 1850, was one of the greatest natural disasters the Western world has seen. Ireland lost about half o its population: one million died and another million emigrated. Irish corn crops remained unaffected, but they were exported. Profit counted more than human lives. The Victorian age is also known for its literary achievements. Charles Dickens is considered one of the greatest English novelists of all time. His books included "Oliver
exceptional (adj) exclude (v) excruciatingly (adv) excursion (n) exhausted (adj) exhaustive (adj) exotic location (n) expansion (n) 10 expedition (n) experiment (n) exploit (n) exploitation (n) expression (n) extend (v) extinction (n) extroversion (n unc) eye contact (n) eye-catching (adj) F fabric (n) face (v) face-lift (n) facilities (n pl) factor (n) factory farming (n) faddy (adj) faint (adj) fair trade (n) fake (adj) fall out (phr v) familiar (with) (adj) famine (n) fanatic (n) fancy dress (adj) far from (phr) fare (n) far-fetched (adj) fascinating (adj) fatal (adj) fatty (adj) fearless (adj) fearsome (adj) feast (on) (v) feat (n) feathers (n) feature (n) fellow (adj) feral (adj) ferry (n) fete (n) fictional (adj) figure out (phr v) figure skating (n) fill up (v) filling station (n) findings (n pl) 11 fine (v) fire (v) fire brigade (n) firewood (n unc) firm evidence (phr) first aid kit (n) first-rate (adj) fit in (phr v)
share of the region’s population would drop below 3%. With migration factored in, however, the estimated Christian share is expected to be just above 3% (down from nearly 4% in 2010). Beyond the Year 2050 This report describes how the global religious landscape would change if current demographic trends continue. With each passing year, however, there is a chance that unforeseen events – war, famine, disease, technological innovation, political upheaval, etc. – will alter the size of one religious group or another. Owing to the difficulty of peering more than a few decades into the future, the projections stop at 2050. Readers may wonder, though, what would happen to the population trajectories highlighted in this report if they were projected into the second half of this century. Given the rapid projected increase from 2010 to 2050 in the Muslim share of the world’s population, would
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