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1. The West Indies are situated in the Caribbean Sea, between Caribbean and North Atlantic Ocean, north of South-America. They are known by that name because Columbus thought he had reached India when in fact he had reached the islands. 2. Original inhabitants of the area: Arawak Indians (200 BC) and Carib Indians (AD 1300). 3. For the Europeans, most of these islands were discovered by Columbus during the 15 th century. 4. The area was colonized by England, Spain, France, Portugal and the Netherlands. 5. Languages spoken in The West Indies: English, French, Spanish, also Creole and Pidgin (by black slaves). The origin of the people is mostly African, who were brought there for slavery. 6. Most West Indian countries gained independence during the 1960s-1980s. 7. The main branches of economy are tourism and companies kept offshore (tax haven). 8. Reggae, limbo dancing and salsa have originated from the West Indies. 9
✿ inhabitants of the highlands were killed or sent away from Britain and the wearing of highland dress (the tartan kilt) was banned. ✿ It was a cultural change that was most marked in this century ✿ Britain expanded its empire in the Americas, along the west African coast, and in India. ✿ Industrial Revolution ✿ Hundreds of thousands of people moved from rural areas into new towns and cities. Most of these new towns and cities were in the north of England, where the raw materials for the industry were available. ✿ In the south of England, London came to dominate, not as an industrial centre but as a business and trading centre. By the end of the century, it had a population of close to a million. ✿ More than a thousand mansions were built in the eighteenth century. 1746 At the Battle of Culloden, a government army of English and lowland Scots defeats
His fifth wife was young and beautiful but had many lovers and Henry didnt like it so she was sent to the Tower and was beheaded. HIs 6th wife survived. 3. Edward- was sickly and ruled only for a few years and then he died 4. Mary Tudor/Bloody Mary- was catholic and killed many protesntants. Ruled only for a few years and then died 5. Elizabeth I - very clever and educated,she was fluent in several languages. She wanted to unite England and make it a very important force in Europe. She never married and was called the "Virgin Queen". It was a very peaceful time, she loved theatre and plays. People had good lives and were entertained. Mary (catholic), The queen of Scots, was executed by Elizabeth I. Elizabeth had no heir. The power of the English monarch increased in this period. Bubonic plaguse killed one third of the population in England during its first
2. Who were the original inhabitants of the area? After 500 BC, the Saladoid people migrated from present-day Venzuela to the Lesser Antilles. Around 650 AD, the Saladoid people were replaced by the Arawak Indians Around 1200 AD, the Arawaks were in turn succeeded by the Caribs. 3. When and by whom were most of these islands discovered for the Europeans? 1490s Christopher Columbus 4. Which countries colonised this area? The Spanish and Portuguese arrived in C16. England, France, and the Netherlands began their conquests in C17. Denmark only acquired a few islands. 5. Which languages are spoken in the West Indies? What is the origin of the people who live there? Pidgin is a simplified language that is born out of contact (e.g. trade) between speakers who do not speak the same language. The elements of two or more languages coalesce. Creole is a pidgin language that has become the native language of a community. Usually it was a
law, Roman baths, language and advanced civilization. They also built Hadrian's Wall in 122 A.D. Romans occupied Britain for four centuries. The Roman way of life all vanished after the invasions from Northern Europe by the Angles, Saxons and Jutes from the 5th century onwards. They ruined Londinium, but they were easily turned into Christianity and religion became more and more important. The Vikings, who came in the 9th century, first raided England to plunder it, but then they decided to stay. In the 10th century England fell under Danish Rule, with King Canute finally managing to unite the Anglo-Saxons and Danes at the beginning of 11th century. Medieval England After defeating the Anglo-Saxon King Harold at the Battle of Hastings in 1066, William of Normandy (who became William I, also called William the Conqueror) introduced the Norman feudal system, rewarding his French-speaking followers with land in return for
History exam *Stonehenge - is a monument located in England. It is one of the most famous prehistoric sites in the world and is composed of earthworks surrounding a circular setting of large standing stones. The surrounding circular, earth bank and ditch, have been dated to about 3100 BC. Stonehenge was produced by a culture with no written language. Many aspects of Stonehenge remain subject to debate. There is little or no direct evidence for the construction techniques used by the Stonehenge builders. *The Celts in Britain and their legacy The Cets lived in Britain in The Iron Age. They were warring tribes who were battleful amongst themselves as well as inter-tribal war. They were not centrally governed
of Continental Europe. It is the ninth largest island in the world, the largest European island, and the largest of the British Isles. With a population of about 60.0 million people in mid-2009, it is the third most populous island in the world, after Java and Honsh. Great Britain is surrounded by over 1,000 smaller islands and islets. The island of Ireland lies to its west. Politically, Great Britain may also refer to the island itself together with a number of surrounding islands which comprise the territory of England, Scotland and Wales.
Country study test # 3 1. Why was it often said that ,,the sun never sets on the British Empire"? ... is used to describe an empire of such a large extent that, at any one time, at least part of its territory is in daylight. This was a saying refering to the fact that Britian had colonies all around the world. 2. What is the Commonwealth? The Commonwealth is an association of sovereign nations that support each other and work together towards international goals. 3. When was it founded? 1931 4. Who were the founder members? Great Britain, the Irish Free State (now the Republic of Ireland), Canada, Newfoundland (since 1949 part of Canada), Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa. 5. Are they still members? Why? Irish Free State left in 1949 with the republic of ireland acts, Newfoundland (since 1949 part of Canada), 6. What was the difference between the British Empire and the British Commonwealth of Nations? the b
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