INSTITUTO POLITECNICO DO PORTO INSTITUTO SUPERIOR DE ENGENHARIA DO PORTO CHEMICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT PORTUGAL Marvin Üürike Tallinn University of Technology Faculty of Chemical and Materials Technology Department of Chemical Engineering Estonia ERASMUS PROJECT STUDY OF THE HEAT TRANSFER COEFFICIENT IN A HELICAL COIL Supervisor: Albina Ribeiro Porto 2015 2 Abstract The following work investigates overall heat transfer coefficient of a helical coil and how it changes in different situations. The variables investigated were flow rate inside a submerged helical coil and agitation of the bath. To investigate the change in heat transfer coefficient in different situations, a simple experiment was set up. It consisted of a rectangular isolated ...
Kood: IGNITION SYSTEM 1 coil, distributor, low voltage 1a, 1b distributor with two separate circuits 2 breaker points magneto ignition 4 coil, distributor, high voltage 4a, 4b distributor with two separate circuits, high voltage 7 terminal on ballast resistor, to distributor 15 battery+ from ignition switch 15a from ballast resistor to coil and starter motor PREHEAT (Diesel engines) 15 preheat in 17 start 19 preheat (glow) STARTER 50 starter control BATTERY 15 battery+ through ignition switch 30 from battery+ direct 30a from 2nd battery and 12/24 V relay 31 return to battery- or direct to ground 31a return to battery- 12/24 V relay 31b return to battery- or ground through switch 31c return to battery- 12/24 V relay ELECTRIC MOTORS 32 return 33 ...
Microcontroller homework for week 12 1. Three different stepper motors (illustrations on page 162-163): · permanent-magnet, · variablereluctance, · hybrid. The VR stepper has a soft iron rotor with teethand a wound stator. As current is applied to two opposing stator coils, the rotor is pulled into alignment with these twocoils. As the next pair of coils is energized, the rotor advances to the next position. The permanent magnet (PM) stepper has a rotor with alternating north and south. As the coils are energized, the rotor is pulled around. This figure shows a single coil to illustrate the concept, but a realstepper would have stator windings surrounding the rotor. The PM stepper has more torque than an equivalent VR stepper. The hybrid stepper essentially adds teeth to a permanent magnet motor,resulting in better coupling of the magnetic field into the rotor and moreprecise movement. In a hybrid stepper, th...
PREFACE Combined with all the specialty and advantages of the same models from both domestic and abroad, 1P52FMI is one of the newly engines developed by our Co. It is characterized by strong power, low fuel-consumption and low noise as well as popular and fashionable shape. An engine of 1P52FMI will be your best choice. To benefit customers, we carefully compile the PARTS CATALOGUE FOR 1P52FMI ENGINE. Users can easily grasp characteristics of 1P52FMI engine through the illustrations, names, quantities, etc. in the catalogue. Please refer to this book when you order the parts. If any difference in the book from actual engine status, please do as per the real. The copyright of this catalogue belongs to Lifan Industry Group Co., Ltd., any group or individual is forbidden to reprint or copy any item from it. The catalogue is subject to change without noti...
PREFACE Combined with all the specialty and advantages of the same models from both domestic and abroad, 1P52FMI is one of the newly engines developed by our Co. It is characterized by strong power, low fuel-consumption and low noise as well as popular and fashionable shape. An engine of 1P52FMI will be your best choice. To benefit customers, we carefully compile the PARTS CATALOGUE FOR 1P52FMI ENGINE. Users can easily grasp characteristics of 1P52FMI engine through the illustrations, names, quantities, etc. in the catalogue. Please refer to this book when you order the parts. If any difference in the book from actual engine status, please do as per the real. The copyright of this catalogue belongs to Lifan Industry Group Co., Ltd., any group or individual is forbidden to reprint or copy any item from it. The catalogue is subject to change without noti...
Olustvere teenindus- ja maamajanduskool PM1 Taivo Vaine Kõvakettad Referaat Olustvere 2010 Sisukord Olustvere teenindus- ja maamajanduskool................................................................................. 1 PM1.............................................................................................................................................1 Taivo Vaine.................................................................................................................................1 Kõvakettad.................................................................................................................................. 1 Referaat....................................................................................................................................... 1 ...
TTÜ keemiainstituut Analüütilise keemia õppetool Instrumentaalanalüüs praktikum Laboratoorne Töö pealkiri: töö nr. 5 Voogsisestusanalüüs Õpperühm: Töö teostaja: Õppejõud: Töö teostatud: Protokoll esitatud: Protokoll arvestatud: Pump Registraator Süstimisseade Reagent Pump Detektor Reaktori aas (i.k. Reactor coil ...
To be, or not to be--that is the question: Olla või mitte olla selles on küsimus Whether 'tis nobler in the mind to suffer Kas on üllam mõttes kannatada The slings and arrows of outrageous fortune Pöörase saatuse kive ja nooli Or to take arms against a sea of troubles Või minna relvis muremere vastu And by opposing end them. To die, to sleep-- Ning neile vastu astudes nad lõpetada. Surra, magada No more--and by a sleep to say we end Ei rohkem ning magades öelda, et lõpetame The heartache, and the thousand natural shocks Südamevalu, tuhat loomulikku vapustust, That flesh is heir to. 'Tis a consummation Millele inimliha pärijaks on, see on teostus, Devoutly to be wished. To die, to sleep-- Mida hardalt soovida. Surra, magada; To sleep--perchance to dream: ay, there's the rub, Magada : ehk isegi und näha : selles see vastus seisnebki. For in th...
Analog Interfacing to Embedded Microprocessors Real World Design Analog Interfacing to Embedded Microprocessors Real World Design Stuart Ball Boston Oxford Auckland Johannesburg Melbourne New Delhi Newnes is an imprint of Butterworth–Heinemann. Copyright © 2001 by Butterworth–Heinemann A member of the Reed Elsevier group All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher. Recognizing the importance of preserving what has been written, Butterworth–Heinemann prints its books on acid-free paper whenever possible. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Ball, Stuart R., 1956– Analog interfacing to embedded microprocessors : real world design / Stuart Ball. p. cm. ISBN 0-7506-7339-7 (pbk...
Tallinna Tehnikaülikool Keemiainstituut Analüütilise keemia õppetool Instrumentaalanalüüs Voogsisestusanalüüs VSA Töö teostaja: Õpilaskood: Õpperühm: Jekaterina Bazanova 093781YASB YASB21 Õppejõud: Aini Vaarmann Pump Registraator Süstimisseade Reagent Pump Detektor Reaktori aas (i.k. Reactor coil ...
Viljandi Ühendatud Kutsekeskkool. Autommaaler. Marius Lepik Autodes kasutatavad pneuma-ja hüdrosüsteemid Referaat Juhendaja: Jaanus Kaido Viljandi 2009 Compressed Air Brake System A "Compressed Air Brake System" is a different air brake used for trucks, consisting of a standard disc or drum brake arrangement using compressed air in place of hydraulic fluid. Most types of truck air brakes are drum units, though there is an increasing trend towards the use of disc brakes in this application. The compressed air brakes system works by drawing filtered air from the atmosphere, compressing it, and holding it in high-pressure reservoirs at around 120 PSI. When needed for braking, this high pressure air is routed to the operating cylinders on the brakes, which ...
Heinrich Rudolf Hertz (22. veebruar 1857 - 1. jaanuar 1894) oli saksa füüsik, kes selgitas ja laiendas elektromagnetiline teooria valguses, mis oli ajama poolt Maxwell. He was the first to satisfactorily demonstrate the existence of by building an apparatus to produce and detect or waves. Ta oli esimene rahuldavalt näidata olemasolu elektromagnetiliste lainete poolt hoone seadmed toota ja avastada VHF või UHF raadio lained. Lapsepõlv Hertz sündis Hamburg, Saksamaa, jõuka ja kultiveeritud Hansa peres. His father, Gustav Ferdinand Hertz, was a barrister and later a senator. Tema isa, Gustav Ferdinand Hertz oli vandeadvokaat ja hiljem senaator. His mother was the former Anna Elisabeth Pfefferkorn. Tema ema oli endine Anna Elisabeth Pfefferkorn. He had three younger brothers and one younger sister. Ta oli kolm nooremat venda ja üks noorem õde. Kuigi ta õppis Hamburg gümnaasiumis, näitas sobivuse teadused samuti keelte õppe araabia ja san...
TTÜ keemiainstituut Analüütilise keemia õppetool YKA3411 Instrumentaalanalüüs VSA Voogsisestusanalüüs Õpperühm: Töö teostaja: Õppejõud: Töö teostatud: Skeem Pump 1. Registraator Süstimisseade Reagent Pump Detektor Reaktori aas (i.k. Reactor coil Möödaviik ...
Terminid · SNARE, soluble N-ethylmaleimide sensitive factor adaptor protein; · Receptors TMD, Trans-membrane domain; · PR, Pathogenesis-related; · qRT-PCR, quantitative Real Time PCR; · CDD, Conserved Domain Database; · HMM, Hidden Markov Model; · MSA, Multiple sequence alignment; · PDB, Protein Data Bank; · DOPE, Discrete Optimized Protein Energy; · MOF, MODELLER Objective Function; · NILs, Near-isogenic lines · Leaf rust; · Ustilago maydis, maisinõe seen · bread wheat, Triticum suvitrühvel L · tobacco, Nicotiana tabacum · oder, Hordeum vulgare · riis O. riis indica · nr: mitte ülearune; · S-PI, susceptible patogeen nakatunud, · S-M, susceptible negative control; · GAPDH Glütseraaldehüüd-3-Fosfaat Dehüdrogenaas 3.5. SNARE geenide up-regulation leherooste nakkuse ajal nisus · Paremaks arusaamiseks SNARE geenide funktsioonist mRNA tasemel, ruumilised ...
1·1 Chapter 1 Routine maintenance and servicing 1 Contents Air cleaner element renewal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .34 Fuel filter renewal - fuel injection engines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .36 Alternator drivebelt check . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .20 Hinge and lock check and lubrication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .31 Automatic transmission fluid level check . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .27 ...
Kõvakettad Sissejuhatus Füüsiline kõvaketas (tihti kutsutakse seda ainult kõvakettaks või HDD-ks(Hard disk drive)) on püsimäluga seade, mis hoiab digitaalselt kodeeritud andmeid väga kiiresti pöörleval kettal, millel on magneetiline pind. Täpselt rääkides sõna ,,drive" (hard disk drive-s) viitab motoriseeritud mehaanilisele sisemusele, mis on eristav ta enda sisust nagu kassetimängija ja kassett või floppi mängija flopiga. Varasemad HDD-del oli eemaldatav ketas, kuigi tänapäevaks on need tavaliselt suletud ümbrises (väljaarvatud ventilatsiooni õhuaugud, et ühtlustada õhurõhku) ja mitte eemaldava kettaga. Ajalugu HDD (nägi ilmavalgust esimest korda 1956. aastal IBM firmaarvutites) oli välja arendatud kasutamiseks üldotstarbelistes arvutites. 1990-tes vajadus suuremahulistele, usaldusväärsetele ja seadmed, mis ei sõltu konkreetselt teatud seadmetest, viis manussüteemideni nagu RAID-id, NAS (Network Attached Storage) süsteemid ja SAN...
VALKUDE STRUKTUUR Aminohapped: -Kõik kodeeritud aminohapped on - aminohapped Kõik kodeeritud aminohapped on L- aminohapped -Valkude järjestuses saab eristada N- ja C- terminust- vastavalt amonohapete paiknemisele järjestuses -Kõik kodeeritud aminohapped on L-optilises isovormis -Aminohappeid iseloomustab spetsiifiline pH väärtus, mille juures ta ei ole laetud pI, isoelektriline punkt Hüdrofiilsed aminohapped Figure 3-2 Hüdrofoobsed ja mittepolaarsed aminohapped Peptiidside- tagab valkude primaarstruktuuri Moodustub kondensatsioonireaktsiooni käigus -oligopeptiidid -polüpeptiidid Peptiidside on planaarne, osaliselt kaksiksidemelise olemusega- tänu resonantsefektile Resonantsefekt tagab ka peptiidsideme pikkuse 1,33A (vs.1,45A) Tänu resonantsile on peptiidside jäik ja samatasapinnaline- trans peptiidside Pro- tsükliline kõrvalahel välistab pöörde-cis peptiidsidemed- - pööre Peptiidside on ke...
ahtrilainete süsteem stern wave system different trim dünaamilise tõstejõuga laev dynamically supported ship erikaal specific weight Froude arv Froude number gravitatsiooniline takistus gravity-related resistance hõõrdetakistus frictional resistance hõõrdetegur coefficient of friction koosmõju interaction hürdodonaamiline rõhk hydrodynamical pressure hüdromehaanika fluid mechanics hürdrostaatiline rõhk hydrostatical pressure inertsjõud inertial force isepoleeruv värv self-polishing paint jäätakistus residual resistance jäätakistus ice resistance kaal weight käigulained shipborne waves käigulainete interferent wave systems ineraction kaikuvus prop...
Einar Kootikum LABORI ARUANDED Õppeaines: SISEPÕLEMISMOOTORID Transporditeaduskond Õpperühm: AT-31b Juhendaja: Esitamiskuupäev:................ Allkiri:............................ Tallinn 2013 Sisukord Jahutussüsteem............................................................................................................................4 Jahutussüsteemi plokkskeem.................................................................................................. 4 Soojuse jagunemine mootoris................................................................................................. 4 Radiaator................................................................................................................................. 5 Siseneva ja väljuva vedeliku ja õhu temperatuurid.....................................................
MOLEKULAAR- JA RAKUBIOLOOGIA | YTM0011 I KONTROLLTÖÖ KORDAMISKÜSIMUSED | 20/09/10 I VALKUDE STRUKTUUR 1. Aminohapped, aluselised ja happelised, hüdrofiilsed ja hüdrofoobsed, polaarsed vs. mittepolaarsed, kõrvalahelate tüübid. Aluselised: Lüsiin, Arginiin, Histidiin. Happelised: Aspartaat, Glutamaat. Hüdrofoobsed: Alaniin, Valiin, Leutsiin, Metioniin, Isoleoutsiin, Fenüülalaniin, Trüptofaan, Tyrosiin. Hüdrofiilsed: Arginiin, Lüsiin, Aspargiin, Glutamaat, Proliin, Aspartaat. Polaarsed: Türosiin, Histidiin, Lüsiin, Arginiin, Aspartaat, Glutamaat, Treoniin, Seriin, Aspargiin, Glutamiin. Mittepolaarsed: Alaniin, Valiin, Leutsiin, Isoleutsiin, Fenüülalaniin, Metioniin, Proliin, Trüptofaan. 2. Peptiidside, C ja N teminus, peptiidid ja valgud, dalton. Peptiidside on kovalentne side pep...
ELEKTROPNEUMAATIKA ALUSED Õptķ FESTO DIDACTIC Tallinn 1997 Sisįįltõrd,,',,:, FESTO DIDACTiT Sisukord Į.SissejuĮratĮļS 3 5 2.Ltihitilevaade elektrotehnika põhialustest 6 saamine 2. I Elektrivoolu liigid ja elektrivoolu 6 2.Į .l Valrelduwool (AC) 6 2.l .2 AĮaļisvool (DC) 6 2'L.3 h.rĮseerįv vool 1 2.2 Elektrotelrnikas kasutatavad mõõtülrikud 7 2.3 Ohmi seadus g 2.4 Elektrilise võimsuse aryĮļtarnįne g 3. Elektropneumaatika ...
1. Aminohapped nende liigitamine, polaarsed vs mittepolaarsed, kõrvalahelate tüübid Aluselised: Lüsiin, Arginiin, Histidiin. Happelised: Aspartaat, Glutamaat. Hüdrofoobsed: Alaniin, Valiin, Leutsiin, Metioniin, Isoleoutsiin, Fenüülalaniin, Trüptofaan, Tyrosiin. Hüdrofiilsed: Arginiin, Lüsiin, Aspargiin, Glutamaat, Proliin, Aspartaat. Polaarsed: Türosiin, Histidiin, Lüsiin, Arginiin, Aspartaat, Glutamaat, Treoniin, Seriin, Aspargiin, Glutamiin. Mittepolaarsed: Alaniin, Valiin, Leutsiin, Isoleutsiin, Fenüülalaniin, Metioniin, Proliin, Trüptofaan. 2. Valemid Hüdrofiilsed aminohapped Hüdrofoobsed ja mittepolaarsed aminohapped 3. Peptiidside, C-ja N-terminus Peptiidside - kovalentne amiidside aminohapete vahel. Valkude primaarstruktuuri alus. Kondensatsioonireaktsioon, eraldub vesi. . Peptiidside on planaarne, osaliselt kaksiksidemelise olemusega- tänu resonantsefekt...
Pilet nr 1: 1) IT organisatsioon ja rollid. Ülalhoiu funktsioon ja põhiülesanded Liigitatakse vertikaalseteks (toetavad valdkonnad) ja horisontaalseteks (funktsiooni tüübid). IT jaotub horisontaalseks tegevusalaks: · Arendus o Luua uut funktsionaalsust, “time-to-market” sihteesmärk · Ülalhoid o Säilitada olemasoleva funktsionaalsuse töövõime võimalikult madalate kuludega. Stabiilne, muutumatu keskkond sihteesmärgiks Ülalhoid jaguneb IT haldamise (tugi ja hooldus) ja serverite, rakenduste ülalhoiuga (IT Operations) tegelavateks harudeks. · (Taristu – kui see pole eelmise kahe sees) Rollid Arendus • progeja • süsteemianalüütik • projektijuht • arhitekt IT haldamine (maintenance) • kasutajaabi spetsialist • (on-site) hooldusspetsialist • Riistvara spetsialist • Sisseostu spetsialist (arvutite ost, kasutajate tugi) IT ülalhoid (operations) • Administr...
Referaat Railgun Table of contents Introduction......................................................................................................................................3 1.What a railgun basically is............................................................................................................4 1.1History of railguns...................................................................................................................4 1.2Theory behind it......................................................................................................................5 1.3How a railgun works...............................................................................................................6 1.4How a railgun would work on a military ship in the future....................................................8 3. Research advances so far...............................................................
BOOKS (From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia) A book is a set or collection of written, printed, illustrated, or blank sheets, made of paper, parchment, or other various material, usually fastened together to hinge at one side. A single sheet within a book is called a leaf, and each side of a leaf is called a page. A book produced in electronic format is known as an electronic book (e-book). Books may also refer to works of literature, or a main division of such a work. In library and information science, a book is called a monograph, to distinguish it from serial periodicals such as magazines, journals or newspaper. The body of all written works including books is literature. In novels and sometimes other types of books (e.g. biographies), a book may be divided into several large sections, also called books (Book 1, Book 2, Book 3, etc.). A lover of books is usually referred to as a bibliophile, or, more informally, a bookworm. A st...
SISUKORD ENERGY STORY................................................................................................................4 USES OF ENERGY............................................................................................................. 4 2.1 Uses of energy in homes...............................................................................................5 2.2 Types of energy used in homes.................................................................................... 6 2.3 Energy use in different types of homes........................................................................ 6 2.4 Commercial Energy Use...............................................................................................9 2.5 Industrial and Manufacturing Energy Use..................................................................11 2.6 Transportation Energy Use.................................................
INTENSIIVKURSUS ”TOOTMISE AUTOMATISEERIMINE” Intensiivkursus kuulub projekti: „Energia- ja geotehnika doktorikool II” tegevuskavasse Ins. Viktor Beldjajev TÄITURMEHHANISMID Loengumaterjalid Tallinn 2010 Sisukord Tähistused ................................................................................................................................. 5 1. Sissejuhatus ........................................................................................................................... 6 2. Täiturmehhanismide olemus ............................................................................................... 7 2.1. Täiturmehhanismide klassifikatsioon .................................................................................. 7 2.2. Automaatsüsteem ....
1 MOLEKULAARBIOLOOGIA. 1. Kui aatom loovutab elektroni täielikult teisele aatomile, missugused keemilise sidemega on tegemist? Ioonside, sellised ained lahustuvad hästi, kuna ioonide hüdratatsioonienergia on suurem kui kristalli võreenergia 2. Miks vesi on hea lahusti (solvent)? Vesi on hea lahusti, sest ta lahustab nii tahkeid, vedelaid kui ka gaasilisi aineid. Vee molekul moodustab dipooli ning aatomid omandavad osalise laengu. Polaarsete ühenditega moodustab vesiniksidemeid, mis tagavad stabiilsust. 3. Termodünaamika II seadus. Kõik protsessid kulgevad tasakaalu e. minimaalse potentsiaalse energia poole e. entroopia kasvu suunas. Entroopia (S) on korrastamatuse mõõt [J/mol*K], korrastatud madal entroopia. Isoleeritud süsteemid püüavad korrastatud olekust korrastamata poole. Tasakaal on siis, kui entroopia on maksimaalne.E...
Uudo Usai ELEKTROONIKA KOMPONENDID Elektroonika alused TPT 1998 ELEKTROONIKAKOMPONEND1D lk.1 SISSEJUHATUS Kaasaegsed elektroonikaseadmed koosnevad väga suurest hulgast elementidest, millest on koostatud vajaliku toimega lülitused. Otstarbe tähtsuselt jagatakse neid elemente põhi-ja abielementideks. Põhielementideks on need, milleta pole lülituste töö võimalik. Abielementideta on lülituste töö küll võimalik, kuid nendest sõltuvad suuresti seadme tarbimisomadused. Põhielemendid jagunevad omakorda passiiv- ja aktiivelementideks. Passiv- elementideks on takistid, kondensaatorid ja induktiivpoolid, aktiivelementideks dioodid, transistorid ja integraallülitused. Abielementideks on pistikud, ümberlülitid, klemmliistud, mitmesugused konstruktsioonelemendid jne. Käeso...
A... AA Auto Answer AAA Authentication, Authorization and Accounting AAB All-to-All Broadcast AAC Advanced Audio Coding AACS Advanced Access Control System AAL Asynchronous Transfer Mode Adaption Layer AAM Automatic Acoustic Management AAP Applications Access Point [DEC] AARP AppleTalk Address Resolution Protocol AAS All-to-All Scatter AASP ASCII Asynchronous Support Package AAT Average Access Time AATP Authorized Academic Training Program [Microsoft] .ABA Address Book Archive (file name extension) [Palm] ABAP Advanced Business Application Programming [SAP] ABC * Atanasoff-Berry Computer (First digital calculating machine that used vacuum tubes) ABEND Abnormal End ABI Application Binary Interface ABIOS Advanced BIOS ABIST Automatic Built-In Self-Test [IBM] ABLE Adaptive Battery Life Extender + Agent Building and Learning Environment [IBM] ABM Asynchronous Balanc...
Hamlet Shakespeare, William Published: 1599 Categorie(s): Fiction, Drama Source: Feedbooks 1 About Shakespeare: William Shakespeare (baptised 26 April 1564 – died 23 April 1616) was an English poet and playwright, widely regarded as the greatest writer in the English language and the world's pre-eminent dramatist. He is often called England's national poet and the "Bard of Avon" (or simply "The Bard"). His surviv- ing works consist of 38 plays, 154 sonnets, two long narrative poems, and several other poems. His plays have been trans- lated into every major living language, and are performed more often than those of any other playwright. Shakespeare was born and raised in Stratford-upon-Avon. At the age of 18 he married Anne Hathaway, who bore him three children: Susanna, and twins Hamnet and Judith. Between 1585 and 1592 he began a successful c...
Cat. No. W317-E1-11 SYSMAC CPM1A Programmable Controllers OPERATION MANUAL CPM1A Programmable Controllers Operation Manual Revised October 2007 iv Notice: OMRON products are manufactured for use according to proper procedures by a qualified operator and only for the purposes described in this manual. The following conventions are used to indicate and classify precautions in this manual. Always heed the information provided with them. Failure to heed precautions can result in injury to people or dam- age to property. ! DANGER Indicates an imminently hazardous situation which, if not avoided, will result in death or serious injury. Additionally, there may be severe property damage. ! WARNING Indicates a potentially hazardous situation which, if not avoided, could re...
Handbook of Meat Processing Handbook of Meat Processing Fidel Toldrá EDITOR A John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Publication Edition first published 2010 © 2010 Blackwell Publishing Blackwell Publishing was acquired by John Wiley & Sons in February 2007. Blackwell’s publishing program has been merged with Wiley’s global Scientific, Technical, and Medical business to form Wiley-Blackwell. Editorial Office 2121 State Avenue, Ames, Iowa 50014-8300, USA For details of our global editorial offices, for customer services, and for information about how to apply for permission to reuse the copyright material in this book, please see our website at www.wiley.com/ wiley-blackwell. Authorization to photocopy items for internal or personal use, or the internal or personal use of specific clients, is granted by Blackwell Publishing, provided that the base fee is paid directly to the Copyright Clearance Cent...