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Heinrich Rudolf Hertz (1)

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Punktid
Heinrich Rudolf Hertz (22. veebruar 1857 - 1. jaanuar 1894) oli saksa füüsik, kes selgitas ja laiendas elektromagnetiline teooria valguses, mis oli ajama poolt Maxwell. He was the first to satisfactorily demonstrate the existence of electromagnetic waves by building an apparatus to produce and detect VHF or UHF radio waves. Ta oli esimene rahuldavalt näidata olemasolu elektromagnetiliste lainete poolt hoone seadmed toota ja avastada VHF või UHF raadio lained.
Lapsepõlv
Hertz sündis Hamburg , Saksamaa, jõuka ja kultiveeritud Hansa peres. His father , Gustav Ferdinand Hertz, was a barrister and later a senator. Tema isa, Gustav Ferdinand Hertz oli vandeadvokaat ja hiljem senaator . His mother was the former Anna Elisabeth Pfefferkorn. Tema ema oli endine Anna Elisabeth Pfefferkorn. He had three younger brothers and one younger sister. [ 1 ] Ta oli kolm nooremat venda ja üks noorem õde.
Kuigi ta õppis Hamburg gümnaasiumis, näitas sobivuse teadused samuti keelte õppe araabia ja sanskriti. He studied sciences and engineering in the German cities of Dresden , Munich and Berlin , where he studied under Gustav R. Kirchhoff and Hermann von Helmholtz . Ta õppis ja tehnikateaduste Saksa linnades Dresdenis , Münchenis ja Berliinis, kus ta õppis all Gustav R. Kirchhoff ja Hermann von Helmholtz.
In 1880, Hertz obtained his PhD from the University of Berlin ; and remained for post-doctoral study under Helmholtz. 1880, Hertz omandas doktorikraadi alates Berliini ülikooli ning jäi doktoriõppe uuringu kohaselt Helmholtz.
In 1883, Hertz took a post as a lecturer in theoretical physics at the University of Kiel . Aastal 1883, Hertz võttis ametikohale lektor teoreetiline füüsika Kieli Ülikool.
In 1885, Hertz became a full professor at the University of Karlsruhe where he discovered electromagnetic waves. Aastal 1885, Hertz sai täielikult professor University of Karlsruhe, kui ta avastas elektromagnetlained.
Meteoroloogia
Hertz alati olnud sügav huvi meteoroloogia ilmselt pärit tema kontakte Wilhelm von Bezold (kes oli Hertz's professor labor kursuse München Polütehniline (suvel 1878). Hertz, however , did not contribute much to the field himself except some early articles as an assistant to Helmholtz in Berlin , including research on the evaporation of liquids , a new kind of hygrometer , and a graphical means of determining the properties of moist air when subjected to adiabatic changes . [ 2 ] Hertz, aga ei aidanud palju valdkonnas ennast välja arvatud mõned varasemad artiklid abina Helmholtz in Berlin, kaasa arvatud teadusuuringud aurumine on vedeliku, uut tüüpi hügromeetriga ja graafilist määramise omadused niiske õhk, kui suhtes adiabaatiline muudatusi.
Kontakt mehaanika
1881-1882, Hertz avaldanud kaks artiklit , mis oli saada teada, kui valdkonnas kontakt mehaanikat.
Elektromagnetiline teadus
Hertz aidanud kindlaks fotoelektrilise mõju (mis oli hiljem seletada Albert Einstein ), kui ta märkas, et laetud objekti kaotab selle eest paremini kui valgustatud ultraviolettvalguses. In 1887, he made observations of the photoelectric effect and of the production and reception of electromagnetic (EM) waves, published in the journal Annalen der Physik . Aastal 1887 tegi ta märkusi fotoelektrilise mõju ja tootmise ja vastuvõtu elektromagnetiline (EM) lainetena, mis avaldati ajakirja Annalen der Physik. His receiver consisted of a coil with a spark gap , whereupon a spark would be seen upon detection of EM waves. Tema vastuvõtja koosnes süütepool koos sädeme vahe, misjärel säde oleks näinud avastamise korral EM lainetega. He placed the apparatus in a darkened box to see the spark better. Ta asetas aparaadi pimendatud kasti näha sädeme parem. He observed that the maximum spark length was reduced when in the box. Ta märkis, et kuni sädeme pikkus oli vähendada, kui kasti. A glass panel placed between the source of EM waves and the receiver absorbed ultraviolet radiation that assisted the electrons in jumping across the gap. Klaasist paneeli vahele panna allikas EM lainete ja vastuvõtja imendub ultraviolettkiirgus, kes abistas elektronid hüppas üle lõhe.
Ajalugu 1886 , Hertz arenenud Hertz antenni vastuvõtja. This is a set of terminals that is not electrically grounded for its operation . See on kogum, terminalid, mis ei ole elektriliselt maandatud, selle toimimiseks. He also developed a transmitting type of dipole antenna , which was a center -fed driven element for transmitting UHF radio waves. Ta on töötanud ka edastava tüüp dipooli antenn , mis oli kesklinnas toidetud sõidetakse osa edastamise UHF raadiolainete. These antennas are the simplest practical antennas from a theoretical point of view. Need antennid on lihtsam praktilise antennid alates teoreetilist seisukohta.
Surm on 36-aastane.
Aastal 1892, infektsioon diagnoositi (pärast hooaeg raske migreeni ) ja Hertz läbis mõne tegevuse parandamiseks haigus. He died of Wegener's granulomatosis at the age of 36 in Bonn , Germany in 1894, and was buried in Ohlsdorf, Hamburg at the Jewish cemetery. [ 4 ] Ta suri Wegeneri granulomatoos aastaselt 36 Bonn, Saksamaa 1894 ja maeti Ohlsdorf Hamburgis on juudi kalmistu.
Juba 1895 . aastal, seega aasta pärast Heinrich Hertzi surma, katsetas Peterburis füüsik Aleksander Popov uudset raadiotelegraafi. 24. märtsil 1896. aastal esitles ta seda Füüsika- ja Keemiaseltsi 208. istungil . Sel istungil edastati ühest laboratooriumist istungisaali esimene traaditu telegramm Hertzi avastatud elektromagnetlainete varal. Õpetlaste seltsi esimees professor Petrusevski kirjutas paberribal vastuvõetud morsemärgid kirjatähtedega seinatahvlile.
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