Tennis (0)

Term paper
Tennis
Karin Visnapuu
10B
I decided to make this term about tennis, because I enjoy playing tennis. I have played it for two years . It’s not long time but I have learned lots of skills during that time.
Tennis is a  sport  played between two players or between two teams of two players each. Each player has a racket. Tennis is played with a tennis-ball. At first , the ball was white but in the later part of the 20th century it was changed to yellow to allow improved visibility. The modern game of tennis originated in the United Kingdom in the late 19th century as "lawn tennis."After its creation , tennis spread throughout the upper -class English -speaking population before spreading around the world. Tennis is an  Olympic  sport and is played at all levels of society at all ages . The sport can be played by anyone who can hold a racket, including people in wheelchairs. Tennis enjoys millions of recreational players and is also a hugely popular worldwide spectator sport, especially the four  Grand Slam  tournaments the  Australian Open , the  French Open, Wimbledon, and the US Open. The first championships at Wimbledon in London were played in 1877 . The first Championships culminated a significant debate on how to standardize the rules . There are also different variations of tennis like table-tennis, soft tennis and so on.
Lawn tennis in the U.S., 1887
The tennis racquet comprises a handle and neck joining a roughly circular frame that holds an array of tightly pulled strings . For the first century of the modern game, racquets were of wood and of standard size , and strings were of animal gut. Laminated wood construction yielded more strength in racquets used through most of the 20th century until first metal and then composites of carbon graphite, ceramics , and lighter metals such as titanium were introduced.  Nowadays they use synthetic strings.  For clothing usually male players wear collared polos, shorts and tennis shoes . Women also wear short-sleeved polos and tennis-skirts. Sometimes they might use tennis dresses or just simple shorts. Players often use sweat bands on their wrists to keep their hands dry as well. Although the game can be played in a variety of shoes, specialized tennis shoes have wide , flat soles for stability and a built -up front structure to avoid excess wear.
Tennis is played on a rectangular, flat surface, usually  grass , clay, a hardcourt of concrete and/or asphalt and occasionally carpet (indoor).
In most professional play and some amateur competition , there is an officiating head judge or chair umpire, who sits in a raised chair to one side of the court . The umpire has absolute authority to make factual determinations. The umpire may be assisted by line judges, who determine whether the ball has landed within the required part of the court and who also call foot faults. There also may be a net judge who determines whether the ball has touched the net during service. In some tournaments, certain line judges, usually those who would be calling the serve , are replaced by electronic sensors that beep when an out call would have been made. In some tournaments, electric line calls aren 't made, but rather are used to assist the linespeople. 
Professional tennis players enjoy the same relative perks as most top sports personalities; clothing, equipment and endorsements. As an individual sport, like Golf , they are not salaried, but must play and place highly in tournaments to obtain money . Some of the world famous tennis players:
Roger Federer- Swiss tennis player, he is ranked as the worlds number 1 male player.
Andre Agassi- American tennis player, former worlds number 1.
Serena Williams - American tennis player, worlds number 1 female player at the moment.
Venus Williams- American tennis player, former number one for three times .
Maria Sharapova- Russian tennis player, former number 1.
Maret Ani- Well- known Estonian tennis player.
Kaia Kanepi- Well-known Estonian tennis player.
Jürgen Zopp – Estonian male tennis player.