ESTONIAN EDUCATION POLICY. MAIN PROBLEMS AND POSSIBLE SOLUTIONS Hanna-Loora Bobrov Since I was a teenager, I remember thinking of the school education quality. How to improve it, where teacher could be more efficient and how to make a better environment for the pupils. And now all these years later I am a young teacher and it is still important for me what is going on within my society in education. I believe I have some kind of advance of knowing what is really going on in Estonian schools and how the education policy really works. Because not long ago I finished the high school, before that changing a lot of different
1. Early childhood education 2. Primary education 3. Secondary education 4. Higher education 3 Early childhood education There are three stages of early childhood education: • from when the child is 6 months old to when they're one • from the ages of one to three • from the age of three until the child stars attending primary school Even though these three stages are not compulsory, every child must attend kindergarten for a year prior to primary school. 4 Primary education (Children begin school at the age of 6 or 7.) There are two stages: • 1st through 4th grade, being taught by one teacher per class that teaches every subject with the
USA school system Most children enter the public education system around ages five or six. They may begin in preschoolpreschool, kindergartenkindergarten or first gradefirst grade. They normally attend 12 grades of study over 12 calendar years of primary and secondary education before graduating, earning a diploma that makes them eligible for admission to higher educationhigher education. Education is only mandatory until age 16, however. There are generally five years of primary (elementary) school, during which students customarily advance together from one grade to the next as a single cohort or "class", three years of middle school, which may have cohorts, and four years of high school. There is some variability in the arrangement of grades. In the U.S., ordinal numbersordinal numbers (e.g., first gradefirst grade) are used for identifying grades. Typical ages and grade groupings in contemporary, public and private schools may be found through the U.S. Department of Education
School system in the USA Education in the United States is provided by government. Each of the 50 states has its own laws regulating education. Children start school at the age of 5 or 6 and continue until the age of 18. Primary or grade school starts from the first grade up to the sixth grade. Then students attend middle school also called junior high school for three years. After middle school, students attend secondary schools, which are called "high schools" from ninth to twelfth grades. The idea of secondary school is to get a high school diploma. Students should take on average 17 or over 20 units during their studies. Public schools are free of charge and available for everybody. To which school a child attends is determined by where they live. Primary school American children start school at the age of five. The first year at school is called kindergarten
Estonian and British Education System Estonian and British education system is not quite different. In Estonia, the education system is based on six levels which include the: kindergarten, primary school, basic school, secondary school and university or vocational school. In Britain, the education system is also based on six levels which include the: nursery school, infant school, junior school, secondary school, 6th form and university or college. What is similar for both systems is that the first level of education starts at age of three. While in Estonia this level is called Kindergarten, then in Britain it is called Nursery school. Kindergarten is for children´s from age three to six, but Nursery school is for children´s three to four. Differently from Estonian system, at age of five to seven, British children ´s go to Infant school
years. Secondary education has been available in Britain since 1944. It is compulsory up to the age of 16, and pupils can stay at school voluntarily up to three years longer. In 1965 non-selective comprehensive schools were introduced. Most local
policy definitions from the government. A free church also does not seek or receive government endorsements or funding to carry out its work. Maintained schools funded by the state. Schools maintained by the local education authority (LEA, or, in Northern Ireland, by Education Authority). Some of those schools are voluntary schools (also known as religious schools or faith schools) where the land and buildings are owned by a charity, often a religious organisation such as a church, but the school is at least partly funded by the local education authority. In all state schools, students must follow the National Curriculum. Independent schools independent fee-charging schools. Schools that are independent of local or central government control; private schools • financed by fees and endowments financially independent Public schools = now a somewhat archaic term for the oldest, most exclusive and expensive
The castle has been garrison fortress, home, official palace and sometimes prison for most of the Kings and Queens of England/Great Britain. During the war, the castle has been heavily fortified but when country has been in peace, it has been expanded with large and grand apartments and this pattern has continued nowadays. The White Cliffs of Dover is one of England’s most famous natural landmarks. The cliffs were formed over 80 million years ago. They are a part of British coastline facing France and the Strait of Dover. The cliffs owe its impressive façade to its composition of chalk accentuated by streaks of black flint and they spread east and west from the town of Dover in the county of Kent. There are miles of hidden tunnels behind the cliff face which were created during the Middle Ages and had an important role in the defence of Britain during the Napoleonic wars. London, the capital of England, has a lot of famous sightseeings itself. One of the greatest is
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