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2013-09-25
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K2ti93
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o Possibility to appeal o Both parties have to prepare for the case o Penalty – usually the wronged party needs to pay damages o Liable or not liable – we won’t talk about guilt o Structure – 5 parts (law of property, family property etc) The courts of criminal jurisdiction o Criminal actions take place between the state and a individual, it is the aim of a criminal court to determine whether the accused person has committed a crime and punish the wrongdoer o It is important to ensure the safety of the society and that only the guilty are punished o Guilty or not guilty Terms 33-3 1. Remedy (korvamine) - a legal reparation a. Legal remedy - a way of using the legal system to make sure that someone's rights are not taken away from them; courts are asked to provide it 2. Wronged party (kannatanud pool) - someone, who has been treated unfairly or in an
TOPICS For the PRELIM Year 1 Put down 10-12 relevant terms and retell about: 1. Prescriptive and descriptive law Prescriptive law – prescribe how people ought to behave Descriptive law – describes the way people or natural phenomena behave Break the law – do something illegal Penalty – punishment Government – system by which a state or community is controlled Law – the system of rules System of courts – all judicial institutions Enforce – to make people obey the law Authority – a group of people with official responsibility for a particular area of activity /the moral or legal right or ability to control Prescribe – to tell someone what they must have or do, or to make a rule of something Impose
descriptive law (kirjeldav õigus) - laws which simply describe how people or even natural phenomenas usually behave nation (riik) - country with its own goverment citizen (kodanik) - person native of a country; realationship between country and a person stranger (välismaalne) - person who is unfamiliar, from another country penalty (karistus) - punishment fixed by law, as for a crime or from any soical groups goverment (valitsus) - organization which controlls a stre or community System of Courts (kohtusüsteem) - organization applying law in the name of states to commit a crime (kuritegu läbi viima) - breaking a law, usually given out by the goverment fine (trahv) - certain sum of money person pays for breaking a law corruption (korruptsioon) - dishonest or unethincal conduct by a person entrusted with a position of authority
passive-vormi. Lõhikesi vorme ei kasutata! (don't) 150 sõna Teema "should mery-killing be punished?" HOMEWORK Terms to explain: Nation - a country, especially when thought of as a large group of people living in one area with their own government, language, traditions, etc: Stranger someone whom you do not know Citizen - a person who is a member of a particular country and who has rights and obligations because of being born there or because of being given them Penalty - a punishment for doing something that is against a law Government - the group of people who officially control a country System of courts - a set of connected positions which operate together to ensure ... ? To commit a crime to do sth that is forbidden by law Corruption - illegal, immoral or dishonest behaviour, especially by people in positions of power Fine (trahv) - an amount of money that has to be paid as a punishment for not obeying a rule or law
8. kohustusi peale panema impose duties on 9. seadust järgima obey law, observe law 10. seaduskuulekad inimesed law-abiding people 11. seadust jõustama enforce law 12. alaealised minors 13. õiguskaitseorganid law enforcement agencies 14. süütegusid uurima investigate offences 15. karistust määrama impose punishment on 16. kuritegu sooritama commit crime 17. seaduse mittetundmine ignorance of law 18. süüd välistav asjaolu defence, preclusion of guilt 19. üldriiklikud seadused national laws 20. kohalikud seadused local laws, by-laws 21. asutuse põhikiri statute 22. ajutine ametist/spordist kõrvaldamine (n,v) suspension, suspend 23. väljaheitmine (n,v) expulsion, expel 24
5. õigusnõustamist otsima – to seek legal advice 6. tagama, et leping kehtiks – to ensure that the contract would be valid 7. õiguslikke vahendeid kasutama – to use legal means 8. harjuma õiguslikke vahendeid kasutama – to get accustomed to using legal means 9. omama teadmisi millestki – to have knowledge of smth 10. ette kirjutama, ettekirjutus, ettekirjutav – to prescribe, prescription, prescriptional 11. karistust kandma – to serve punishment (ka to suffer a penalty) 12. vägivaldselt käituma (kellegi suhtes) – to act violently towards smb 13. ajutine ametist/spordist kõrvaldamine (n,v) - suspension 14. väljaheitmine (n,v) - expulsion 15. seadusi jõustama – to enforce rules 16. õiguskaitseorganid - law enforcement agencies 17. seadust järgima – to obey the law 18. süütegusid uurima – to investigate offences 19
adherence kinnipidamine 473. prerequisite for carrying it out täideviimise eeltingimus 474. initiating pre-trial investigation algatama kohtueelset uurimist 475. to present public prosecution esindama avalikku süüdistus 476. interpret tõlgendama 11 477. presenting charges esitab süüdistuse 478. court of law kohus 479. apply rakendama 480. application kohaldamine 481. detection of a crime committed sooritatud kuriteo avastamine 482. conviction of a criminal perpetrator kuriteo toimepanija süüdimõistmine 483. execution of a punishment karistuse täidesaatmine 484. implementation täideviimine/rakendamine 485. an obligation to exercise supervision kohustus teostada järelvalvet 486. the right of intervention õigus sekkuda 487. the above-mentioned principles ülalmainitud printsiibid 488. determining määramine 489. duties of the ..
Only intergovernmental organizations are also subject of PIL, non-governmental organizations are not. There can be specific cases of PIL, e.g. nations fighting for their independence. These can be considered to be subjects of PIL. Also, some exceptions: International Committee of Red Cross, formerly it wasn't covered by PIL, but due to its unique status (covered by Geneva conventions etc), then it is a subject of PIL. PIL directly regulates private persons, e.g. punishment of international crimes (crimes against peace=crime of aggression, genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes). This is if specific countries do not want to punish the criminals, specific international tribunals etc are created to do the job for them. Humanitarian doctrine if a certain country violates human rights very severely and if other attempts have failed to prevent and stop this, then war can be used as a method to stop this stuff.
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